1. Transformasi Data Penelitian Menjadi
Jurnal Imiah Berstandar Internasional
Tajuddin Bantacut
Seminar Penulisan Ilmiah
FORUM KOMUNIKASI MAHASISWA TEKNIK INDUSTRI PERTANIAN IPB
30 Januari 2020
2.
3. Introduction
If you are out to describe the truth, leave elegance to the tailor
(Albert Einstein 1879–1955).
Results obtained in a scientific research article should be
expressed accurately, and with a master-stroke of a tailor in
compliance with certain rules which will ensure acceptability of
the scientific manuscript by the editorial board of the journal,
and facilitate its intelligibility by the readers.
13. Data definition
Data (singular datum) are individual units of
information.
A datum describes a single quality or quantity of some
object or phenomenon.
In analytical processes, data are represented by
variables.
14. 2 types of data
Quantitative: numbers, tests, counting, measuring
Qualitative: words, images, observation,
conversation, photographs
Means to support argument, to proof hypothesis, to construct statement,
to clear up a problem, to answer a question, to explain phenomena, etc.
15. Transformation of data
Data transformation is the process of converting data
from one format or structure into another format or
structure. It is a fundamental aspect of most data
integration and data management tasks such as data
wrangling, data warehousing, data integration and
application integration
Journal Article
17. Problem Statements (Why)
• Match with the scope of the research (the journal) –
choosing only relevance journal – (E,R)
• Significantly important within the field of study (R)
• Attract or potentially attract attention of the reader
within the field (R, E)
• To fill gaps of knowledge – enrichment or advancement (R)
• Clear objective to pursue – there is strong relation
to the finding necessity (R)
• Promising contribution (R)
Notes: E = editor decision, R = Reviewer judgment (decision)
18. Method (How, Where, When)
Clearly describes the research processes and steps
Appropriate with the research nature
Current and (can be) proven
Well established, and can be used repeatedly
“Looks good”, to convince the reviewer and readers
Steps of transforming idea and data into
meaningful findings
19. Finding Statements (What)
• Enhance the knowledge (science/technology)
in the field (of the journal)
• Understandable to most of readers (communicable)
• Answering the research question(s)
• Improvement, correction, new discoveries, etc.
having potential impacts and outcomes
• Based on thorough discussion and necessarily
supported with relevance literatures
• Conclude from processed data and have link
to method of data processing and interpretation
20. Capability to Write
•Knows to write : you know what to write
•Read to write: you find content of writing (plagiarism)
•Read to support writing: you need support for you
have written, looking for support
21. Learning to Read and Write
Elementary School: Learning to Read
High School: Reading Facts, Opinions, and Beliefs
College: Reading for Underlying Meaning
How does the author view the topic?
What is the underlying thesis of the book?
22. Levels of writer
•Writer : Mastering the subject content and able to
write
•Reader: Taking idea from others then put them into
writing
•Leaner : Finding the idea and following others in
writing
Read to write, read to learn, learn to read
23. WRITING THE ‘RESULTS’ SECTION
The most important part of a research article. In fact the authors will
share the results of their research/study with their readers.
“The great tragedy of science: the slaying of a beautiful hypothesis by
an ugly fact.” (Thomas Henry Huxley 1825–1895/ Renown British
biologist)
In essence results provide a response for the question ”What is found
in the research performed?”
24. Guide to write ‘Result’ Section:
• The sequence of results, tabulated data, and information which will be
illustrated as figures should be definitively indicated.
• In indicating insignificant changes, do not use expressions as
“decreased” or “increased”, these words should be reserved for
significant changes.
• Only data, and information concerning the study in question should be
included in the ‘Results’ section.
• Results not mentioned in this section should not be included in the
‘Discussion’ and ‘Summary’ sections.
• Since the results obtained by the authors are cited in the ‘Results’
section, any reference should not be indicated in this section
25. Paragraph Structure – an illustration:
Introductory: wish/motivation, definition, transition,
connecting with the previous, etc.
Main sentence consists of finding, processed data, opinion, idea, proposal, etc.
Supporting sentences: confirmation, comparison, compliance, difference,
deterrence, addition (need references)
Concluding remark (if necessary), bridging to the next paragraphs
Notes: arrangement can be changed depending on the position paragraph in relative to
previous and the next paragraphs
26. An Axample (Bantacut & Novitasari 2016)
Ramjeawon (2008) has confirmed that bagasse-derived electricity
performs well in the areas of greenhouse gas emissions and
acidification. Yuttitham et al. (2011) calculated that the milling
process produces 0.06 kg CO2/kg of sugar, which comes from
electricity use and fossil fuel and biomass burning. Therefore,
replacing the source of energy will cut CO2 emissions. In addition,
Renouf et al. (2013) suggested that electricity from ethanol and
bagasse offers the most benefits. Therefore, it can be concluded
that the use of by-products to generate energy in white sugar
production is in accordance with the principles of cleaner
production and sustainable development.
27. Use of tables, and figures
To prevent the audience from getting bored while reading a
scientific article, some of the data should be expressed in a visual
format in graphics, and figures rather than crowded numerical
values in the text. Peer-reviewers frequently look at tables, and
figures. High quality tables, and figures increase the chance of
acceptance of the manuscript for publication.
Discussion, explanation, comparison, etc. should only for
“extreme” data/results without repeating “number” or “value”
unnecessarily
28. Tables
• Number of tables in the manuscript should not exceed limit
• Data in the main text, and tables should not be repeated many times.
• Tables should be comprehensive
• A reader should be able to express an opinion about the results
• Data included in tables should comply with those mentioned in the main
text
• Unit of each variable should be absolutely defined.
• Use of abbreviations in tables should be avoided, if abbreviations are
required they should be defined explicitly in the footnotes or legends of
the tables.
• Follow the format guidelines
29. Figures
• Most of the readers priorly prefer to look at figures, and
graphs rather than reading lots of pages.
• Selection of appropriate types of graphs for demonstration of
data is a critical decision which requires artist’s
meticulousness.
• Graphs, and figures should also display information not
provided in the text. Bar, line, and pie graphs, scatter plots,
and histograms are some examples of graphs.
30. Suggestions:
•Read a lot before writing and start as soon as you have a research idea.
•Understand the nature of the research in its broader context to mark up the
finding from from data to findings, specific to general, from fact to theory.
•Start write with processed data in hand and readily knowledges in mind.
•Find and read relevance literature to contextual you research and sharpen
your discussion.
•Check and recheck all aspects of writing (exchange with colleagues and
friends).
•Discuss your finding by comparing, paralleling, confronting, harmonising,
combining, integrating, etc. with previous research findings.
•Draw some future consequences, impacts, outcomes, and usefulness of the
findings.
•Suggest future use of the finding and future research needs.
33. 33
Solicit and
manage
submissions
Manage
peer review
Production
Publish and
disseminate
Edit and
prepare
Archive and
promote use
Elsevier and Publishing
• 30 Million
Researchers
• 180+ countries
• 480 million+
downloads per year
• 7,000 editors
•70,000 editorial board
members
• 7 million author/publisher
communications / year
• 500,000 reviewers
• 600,000 authors
publishing
• 2,000 journals
• 19,000 books
• 2,000 new books
per year
• 40 – 90% of
articles rejected
• 9.8 million articles now available
• 450,000 new articles produced each year
• 185 years of back issues scanned, processed and data-tagged
34. 34
Why publish?
Publishing is one of the necessary steps embedded in the scientific
research process. It is also necessary for graduation and career
progression.
What to publish:
New and original results or methods
Reviews or summaries of particular subject
Manuscripts that advance the knowledge and understanding in a
certain scientific field
What NOT to publish:
Reports of no scientific interest
Out of date work
Duplications of previously published work
Incorrect/unacceptable conclusions
You need a GOOD manuscript to present your contributions to the
scientific community
36. 36
Publishing speed
Time to publish is important.
Many journals have now introduced a “Fast Rejection“ process by the journal Editor
Submission to Acceptance (short)
Submission to Acceptance (long)
Submission to first online (short)
Submission to first online (long)
Submission to Print (short)
Submission to Print (long)
5
25
8
31
13
50
Long and short publishing times (weeks)
3
2
1
37. 37
Impact Factor
[the average annual number of citations per article published]
For example, the 2008 impact factor for a journal is calculated as follows:
A = the number of times articles published in 2006 and 2007 were cited in
indexed journals during 2008
B = the number of "citable items" (usually articles, reviews, proceedings or
notes; not editorials and letters-to-the-Editor) published in 2006 and 2007
2008 impact factor = A/B
e.g. 600 citations = 2
150 + 150 articles
What is the Impact Factor (IF)?
