Drug Addiction and Recovery
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This document provides an overview of Revathi Mohan's Masters thesis topic on drug addiction. It includes sections that discuss the reasons for and effects of drug addiction, comorbidity of addiction and mental health disorders, challenges with addiction treatment and recovery, specifics on various drugs (opioids, sedatives, stimulants, etc.), and the role of organizations in addressing addiction. Graphs and diagrams are presented on topics like why addiction is difficult to quit, the dual epidemics of drug use and HIV/AIDS, and opportunities for international drug research collaboration.
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Drug Addiction and Recovery
- 1. REVATHI MOHAN 1’st year Masters in Counselling Psychology
- 2. Drug Addiction Reason Effects Treatment and Recovery Particular drugs and its effects Involvement of NGO’s
- 6. COMORBIDITY Drug Users have a Higher Risk of Developing Mental Disorders •Psychosis •Depression •Anxiety •Panic attacks Example: SMOKING EPIDEMIOLOGY normal population: 23% alcoholism: 90%+ other addictions: 90%+ schizophrenia: 85% depression: 80%
- 7. Why Can’t Addicts Just Quit? Non-Addicted Brain Addicted Brain Control Control Saliency Drive NO GO Saliency Memory Source: Adapted from Volkow et al., Neuropharmacology, 2004. Drive GO Memory Because Addiction Changes Brain Circuits
- 8. We Need to Treat the Whole Person! Pharmacological (medications) Medical and In Social Behavioral Therapies Social Services Context
- 12. MIXTURE OF 18 CHEMICAL SUBSTANCE~ALKALOID BITTER TASTE POWDER MORPHINE
- 13. Morpheus Heroin=Morphine + Anhydiride(Inexpe nsive chemical) Pain reliever and has related medical purpose More dangerous than morphine.
- 14. Allievate physical pain Induce Relaxation Alleviate anxiety and tension
- 15. Bluff Undesirable contact others- to maintain a supply of drugs
- 16. Disruption in immune system Changes in life~style
- 17. Coma and death Early Age Premature baby Pregnant women Gradual Deterioration of well being
- 19. Methadone in Conjunction Counselling and Group Theraphy
- 20. Used by Doctors Relaxation Depressant like Alcohol
- 21. Slows down Central nervous system Drowsiness and Sleep Reduce tasks in Cognitive tasks Impaired Decision and problem solving
- 22. 600-800mg of secobarbital Pentobarbial Substituition Therapy
- 23. Pre-colombian world of Mexico and Peru US-Crack Town
- 24. Stimulates the cortex of the brain Sleeplessness and Excitement Induce sexual arousement
- 25. Desipramine and Nalatrexone Psychological theraphy Di-sulphisam Reduce alcohol use
- 27. II’nd World War 1927- All Drug stores 1930-A new amphitamine
- 29. Affects the Central Nervous System Supress apetite Weight reduction Treating Narcolepsy
- 30. Respiratory depression Coma and death Memory loss
- 31. Also Leads to Anxiety Irritability Suicidal Ideation Rarely delrium
- 32. Flumazonil(0.3- 1.0mg)-OverDose 60- 80mg of diazepam
- 33. LSD PCP
- 36. Mood Swing Feeling of depersonalization Detachment
- 37. Mescaline Psilocybin(PSB) new ideas rather than distort experiance
- 39. Fund international research Provide training and exchange opportunities Set international research priorities Organize & sponsor conferences and meetings Binational agreements Dissemination of information
- 40. I. Drug abuse is a global phenomenon 5 percent of people aged 15-64 15.9 13.7 7.9 Millions of Users Cannabis Amphetamines Ecstasy Cocaine Opiates 26.2 II. Intertwined dual-epidemics of drug addiction & HIV/AIDS 160.9 UNODC 2005 World Drug Report HIV Infections Attributed to Injection Drug Use and Risky Sexual Behaviors Related to Drug Abuse III. Take advantage of unique opportunities to advance scientific knowledge through research
Editor's Notes
- Comorbid mental illness is common among substance abusers, including smokers, with much higher rates than in the normal population. Co-occurrence of other drug addictions is also much higher. Drug users also have a higher risk of developing mental disorders, although the order of these events can be difficult to determine precisely.
- Addiction changes brain circuitry, making it hard to “apply the brakes” to detrimental behaviors. In the non-addicted brain, control mechanisms constantly assess the value of stimuli and the appropriateness of the planned response, applying inhibitory control as needed. In the addicted brain, this control circuit becomes impaired through drug abuse, losing much of its inhibitory power over the circuits that drive response to stimuli deemed salient.
- Addiction requires treatment that addresses its complexity. Substance abuse treatment should address the whole person and can include medications, behavioral therapies, and ancillary support services.
- Swiss chemist “Albert hoffman”
- NIDA’s international program makes significant contributions to drug abuse research. These include funding and training, priority setting, conference sponsorship, and information dissemination.
- Drug abuse is a global problem. An international focus allows the sharing of important findings with a wider audience, particularly benefiting those countries where HIV/AIDS is prevalent. It also allows researchers to take advantage of the unique cultural, biological, and environmental factors that exist in different regions of the world, which can reveal important and novel information about our shared health concerns regarding drug abuse and HIV.