A Case of Jakarta's 2016 Explosion and Shooting

1. A Correlational Study of The Relationship Between
MEDIA LITERACY &
RISK PERCEPTION
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2. PRESENTED BY
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FACULTY OF PSYCHOLOGY
UNIVERSITY OF INDONESIA

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5. Jakarta’s Recent Explosion and Bombing
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14TH January,
2016
8 People were
killed, 24 were
injured

6. Broadcast Guidelines Violations
Written on there, “Broadcasting ‘Hoax’ News and Showing
Improper Visual Images and Videos, 3 TV stations were given
sanctions by KPI (Indonesian Broadcasting Commission).

7. (Baran, 2014)
The ability to choose and understand,
to question, evaluate, create and/or
produce and to respond thoughtfully
to the media we consume that
contains mindful observation and
reflective judgment of the information
we have seen from media
(Silverblatt et al., 2014)
The degree to which an
individual will experience
the effect of danger
(Short, 1984)

8. Terrorism, Risk Perception &
Media Literacy
Lerner et al (2003) found experiencing fear will result
on high risk perception. Therefore, for this study, the
researchers, first, hypothesized that Jakarta citizens
will have low risk perception.

9. Terrorism, Risk Perception & Media
Literacy
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There is a positive correlation between exposure to
terrorism-related news and terrorism risk perception to
others and self. In addition, news credibility was also
taken into consideration. (Nellis & Savage, 2012).
Similarly, O’Keefe (1984) found that perceived realism of
the news, can influence public’s fear of crime which
can also influence their risk perceptions.

10. The news spreading in
society regarding the
attack in Jakarta were
flawed.
Terrorism, Risk Perception &
Media Literacy
The researchers want to
know if there’s a
relationship between
Jakarta citizens’ media
literacy and their risk
perception towards
terrorist attack.

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12. PARTICIPANTS PROCEDURE
MEASURES ANALYSIS

13. PARTICIPANTS
SAMPLE SIZE
38 Males – 66
Females
Total = 104
participants
SAMPLE
CHARACTERISTICS
Between 15-30 years
old
Live and doing daily
activities in Jakarta
SAMPLING TECHNIQUE
Accidental Sampling

14. PROCEDURE
The participants were instructed
to fill the online questionnaire
with only addressing their initial,
to protect their anonymity.
Researchers also ensured that the
data were only be used for the
research purpose.
After completing the
questionnaire, the participants
were free to ask any questions to
researchers regarding the study,
by contacting the researchers’
phone numbers.

15. MEASURES
RISK PERCEPTION
Consists of 2 questions, adapted from
Fischoff et al. (2003)
1. How likely is it that a terrorist
attack will occur somewhere in
Indonesia?
2. How likely is it that a terrorist
attack will occur somewhere in
Jakarta?
Participants rate their answer on 4 point
likert scale
Very impossible to very possible
MEDIA LITERACY
Media Literacy Self-Evaluation
Scale (MLSS) , adapted from
Chang et al. (2011).
- Consists of 13 items
- Participants rate their answer
on 5 point likert scale from strongly
disagree to strongly agree

16. ANALYSIS
The selected data were
analyzed quantitatively using
SPSS Statistic 20. The statistical
methods which the researchers
used for this study are
descriptive analysis and
Pearson correlation
;
Descriptive analysis was used to
find Jakarta citizens’ level of
media literacy and risk
perception, as for the Pearson
correlation was computed to
answer the main research
question for this study, the
relationship between media
literacy and risk perception

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18. a
Table 1. Level of Media Literacy and Risk
Perception
• It can be seen that, Jakarta citizens have high average media
literacy and high risk perception towards terrorist attack.

19. a
The Correlation between Media Literacy and
Risk Perception
To measure the correlation between these two variables,
Pearson product moment correlation coefficient was
computed. Based on the data obtained, there is a positive
significant correlation between media literacy and risk
perception with r(104) = 0.199, p<0.05, two-tailed, with
media literacy explaining 3.9% of the variation in risk
perception.

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21. Discussions
The #KamiTidakTakut (#WeAreNotAfraid)
hashtag trend might have been explained not
because the citizens did not experience fear
towards the terrorism, but it might’ve been
because of the social contagion effect. Thus,
further research is needed to examine the
social contagion aspect of this phenomenon.

22. Discussions
Our second finding is consistent with the hypothesis that there is
a relationship between media literacy and risk perception. The
citizens high risk perception might be because the researchers
take the data from population just few days away from the
terrorist attack. It is suggested that further study needs to be
conducted to denote the participants’ risk perception later
after the explosion.

23. Contradictory from Nellis & Savage (2012), finding
that news credibility perception does not have any
relationship with risk perception, we found that there
is positive relationship between media literacy and
risk perception. It might be because media literacy
can explain more accurately regarding participants’
ability to know whether the news are credible or not,
help them to have more thorough understanding of
the news and encourage them to be more critical
and control their biases (Tobias, 2008; Vraga, et al.,
2009); Vraga, et al., 2011)
Discussions

24. thankyou.
谢谢
terimakasih.