1. Natural and human caused disasters are occurring more frequently, thereby resulting in loss of lives and damages to infrastructure with long-lasting negative economic and humanitarian effects.
Disasters, Maps & Data:
Objects of Interest in Disaster Related Real-Time Situations
WHAT IS C2-SENSE?
1Duro, R.; 1Kutschera, P.; 1Schimak, G.; 1Schabauer J.; 2Arisi, R.
1 AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Digital Safety & Security Department, Seibersdorf, Austria
2 Lutech S.p.A., Marketing & Alliances, Cologno Monzese, Italy
TECHNOLOGIES IN THE FRAMEWORK
Interoperability – Data Management Interoperability – OOIs with Symbology
The work presented is a result of the project that has
received funding from the European Union’s Seventh
Framework Programme for research, technological
development and demonstration under grant
agreement no 607729.
References
Havlik et al., “Training Support for Crisis Managers with Elements of Serious Gaming”, Environmental
Software Systems - Infrastructures, Services and Applications, Springer, 2015
Božić et al., “Requirements Engineering for Semantic Sensor in Crisis and Disaster Management”,
Environmental Software Systems - Infrastructures, Services and Applications, Springer, 2015
Schabauer, J., “Sensor Level Plug and Measure: With Non Plug and Play Sensors”, Saarbrücken: VDM
Verlag Dr. Müller, 2010
Gençtürk et al., “Profiling Approach for the Interoperability of Command & Control Systems with Sensing
Systems in Emergency Management”, IFIP Conference on Enterprise Interoperability, 2015
Homeland Security & Central US Earthquake Consortium, “Capstone 2014: Situational Awareness
Symbology“, 2014 (Draft)
C2-SENSE is a framework for managing crises and
emergency situations.
It allows ad-hoc communication with field sensors and sensor
networks, data exchange among emergency actors, and
provides collaboration environment for joint decision making
during emergencies such as floods.
C2-SENSE provides interoperability to disparate Command
and Control (C2) and sensor systems on an international
level, and in (near) real-time.
C2-SENSE fosters standardization of data formats, as well
as profile-based data sharing and communication.
An Object of Interest (OOI) is every object that needs to be
represented on a map and is relevant for proper and
accurate decision making (Havlik et al., 2015).
Examples are an ambulance, a person, a sensor or an
emergency event. Metadata such as OOI properties and
(geotagged) values are attached to OOIs, giving the C2-
SENSE framework full flexibility in dealing with emergency
situation in a wise and effective way.
The following technologies and ideas are part of the
framework (Božić et al., 2015, Gençtürk et al., 2015):
Sensors and Networks – all types of sensors that are
needed in a specific emergency situation are connected
through Plug and Measure technologies (AnySen;
Schabauer, 2010) or IP Gateway technologies
Data Interoperability – incoming data are homogenized,
outgoing adjusted to the receiving disparate system
Profiling – based on defined profiles, partners are able to
exchange data and messages with C2-SENSE system,
and thereby with relevant partners/actors
Semantics – data are enriched with metadata, and
connections are automatically made using ontologies
Maps and Features – decision making is highly dependent
on the accurate presentation of data on maps, made
available through the latest web technologies
When presenting features (data) on a crisis map, the
symbols used should be self-explanatory.
There is no widely agreed symbology set in crisis and
disaster management field yet, which can cause
miscommunication and misunderstandings when presenting
the same event, as shown by the four symbols below.
C2-SENSE, however, allows each end user to apply its own
mapping tool, or C2-SENSE’s Emergency Maps Tool with a
harmonized symbol set such as OCHA’s (Capstone 2014).
www.c2-sense.eu
DISASTERS, MAPS & DATA
Crisis situations become alive on maps and through streams of real-time data, aiding the decision makers. When a crisis is international, interoperability and
communication become crucial. Therefore are appropriate maps, correct data and metadata management, and clear and self-explanatory symbols representing those data
very relevant in saving lives and properties.
Selected objects of interest (sensors) show variations in water level. Appropriate symbols represent different objects of interest.