This slide is talking about the broad description of CDA approaches from some experts.

1. R E B U T Y U N I E R N AWAT I
2 1 9 0 2 0 7 3 0 0 2
CDA-ORIENTED APPLIED
LINGUISTICS APPROACHES

2. David Crystal, 2008
Applied linguistics is a branch of
linguistics where the primary
concern is the application of
linguistic theories, methods and
findings to the elucidation of
language problems which have
arisen in other areas of
experience.
James Simpson, 2011
• Applied linguistics is the academic
field which connects knowledge
about language to decision
making in the real world.
• The role of it is to make insights
drawn from areas of language
study relevant to such decision-
making.
• It mediates between theory and
practice. It engages with
contemporary social questions of
culture, ethnicity, gender, identity,
ageing, and migration.
Chris Brumfit, 1995
Applied linguistics is the
theoretical and empirical
investigation of real-world
problems in which language is a
central issue.
Grabe in Davies, 2004
The focus of applied linguistics is on
trying to resolve language-based
problems that people encounter in
the real world, whether they are
learner, teachers, supervisors,
academics, lawyer, and service
provider, those who need social, test
takers, policy developers, dictionary
makers, translators, or a whole
range of business clients.
Alan Davies, 2004
The definition of applied
linguistics is a coherent activity
which theorizes through
speculative and empirical
investigations real-world
problems in which language is a
central issue.
THEORETICALCONCEPTOFAPPLIEDLINGUISTICS
BASEDONEXPERTS

3. Language and
Education
• First-language
education
• Additional- language
education
• Clinical linguistic
• Language testing
Language, Work, and
Law
• Workplace
communication
• Language planning
• Forensic language
Language, Information,
and Effect
• Literary stylistics
• Critical discourse
analysis (CDA)
• Translation and
interpretation
• Information design
• Lexicography
Guy Cook
(2003) classify
the area of AL

4. The Dialectical-
Relational
Fairclough
Socio Cognitive
Van Dijk
Discourse
Historical
Ruth Wodak
Foucauldian
Discourse
Analysis
Michael Foucault
APPROACHES TO
CRITICAL
DISCOURSE
ANALYSIS

5. THE DIALECTICAL-RELATIONAL
NORMAN FAIRCLOUGH
• The work of Norman Fairclough presents a
comprehensive and programmatic attempt to develop a
theory of CDA which links discourse, power and social
structure
• Fairclough examines the role of social institutions in
shaping discourse practices and argue that language is
always shaped by the material dan social conditions in
which it is produced.

6. SOCIO COGNITIVE
VAN DIJK
• Powerful
Groups
• Institutions
• Symbolic
elites
Communicative situation
Setting (time, place)
Participants
• Identities, roles, relations
• Goals, knowledge,
ideologies
Social action, speech act
Personal
context
model
Personal
situasio
n model
Social attitudes
Ideologies
Sociocultural
knowledge
Discourse
sructures

7. FOUCAULDIAN DISCOURSE ANALYSIS
MICHAEL FOUCAULT
The first step is a simple recognition that discourse is a body of
statements that are organized in a regular and systematic way.
The subsequent four steps are based on the identification of
rules on:
Making practices
material and
discursive at the
same time
How those
statements are
created
How spaces in which
new statements can
be made are created
What can be said
(written) and what
cannot
Five steps in
using
Foucauldian
discurse
analysis

8. DISCOURSE HISTORICAL APPROACH (DHA)
RUTH WODAK
• DHA integrates and triangulates knowledge about
historical intertextual sources and the background of the
social and political fields within the discursive events are
embedded.
• DHA distinguishes between three dimensions that
constitute textual meaning and structures.
• Topic of discussion
• Discursive strategies employed
• Linguistics means that are drawn upon to realize both topics and
strategies
In this way, themes can emerge providing a “texture”, a
cohesion to the discourse over time.

9. CONCLUSION
• CDA is committed to contributing to the understanding and tackling of social
problems
• CDA is thus problem-oriented rather than theory or discipline-driven and
emphasizes presenting its practical implications and applications in accessible
language to the public or relevant parties.
• CDA is interdisciplinary and calls for flexibility and diversity in its approaches
and methods to tackle complex issues and problems.
• CDA takes into account the interests, expertise, and resistance of those groups
that are subjected to discursive injustice.
• CDA stresses researcher reflexivity—the need to make the object under
investigation and the analyst’s own position transparent and justify theoretically
why certain interpretations and readings of discursive events seem more valid
than others.

10. STAY SAFE AND HEALTHY