The term population refers to number of people lin=ving in a geographical area between a period of time.

1. Geography:
Chapter:- Population
Book:- India people and Economy
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2. Chapter Overview
Population
Distribution Density Growth Composition
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3. Introduction
• The people are very important component of a country. India
is the second most populous country after China in the world
with its total population of 1,210 million (2011).
• India’s population is larger than the total population of North
America, South America and Australia put together.
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4. What is Population?
• The term population refers to number of people living in a
geographical area in a given time period.
• Sources of Population Data
Population data are collected through Census operation held every 10 years in our
country. The first population Census in India was conducted in 1872 but its first
complete Census was conducted only in 1881.
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5. Distribution of population
• India has a highly uneven pattern of
population distribution. The percentage
shares of population of the states and Union
Territories in the country show that Uttar
Pradesh has the highest population followed
by Maharashtra, Bihar and West Bengal.
• States like UP, Maharashtra, Bihar, WB, AP,
TN, MP, Rajasthan, Karnataka, Gujarat
account for about 76% of population.
• On the other hand J&K, Arunachal Pradesh
and Uttarakhand account for around 2% of
population inspite of fairly large
geographical area.
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6. Population Density
• Density of population, is
expressed as number of
persons per unit area. It helps
in getting a better
understanding of the spatial
distribution of population in
relation to land.
• The density of population in
India (2011) is 382 persons per
sq. km.
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7. Population Growth
• Growth of population is the change in the number of people living in a particular
area between two points of time.
• Its rate is expressed in percentage.
• Two component of Population Growth
 Natural (Birth Rate & Death Rate)
 Induced (Migration)
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8. Four phases of Population Growth
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Phase
I
1901-1921, Stagnant
Population Growth,
even negative growth
b/w 10911-1921.
Factor-Both BR & DR
were high, poor Health
Facility, insufficient
distribution of food Phase
II
1921-1951, Period of
steady population
growth,
An overall
improvement in health
and sanitation
throughout the country
brought down the
mortality rate. At the
same time better
transport and
communication system
improved distribution
system.
Phase
III
1951-1981, period of
population explosion in
India which was caused
by a rapid fall in the
mortality rate but a
high fertility rate of
population. After
Independence
developmental
activities were
introduced. Massive
migration of Tibetans,
Bangladeshis, Nepalese
people.
Phase
IV
1981- present, the growth
rate of country’s
population though
remained high, has
started slowing down
gradually.
This was, in turn,
affected by an increase
in the mean age at
marriage, improved
quality of life
particularly education
of females in the
country.

9. Population Composition
• Population composition is a distinct field of study within population
geography with a vast coverage of analysis of age and sex, place of
residence, ethnic characteristics, tribes, language, religion, marital
status, literacy and education, occupational characteristics, etc.
• In this section, the composition of Indian population with respect to
their rural-urban characteristics, language, religion and pattern of
occupation will be discussed.
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10. Question:-
Which state has lowest population density?
Give answer in comment section.
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