Brief Review on Kyoto Protocol

1. KYOTO
PROTOCAL
Convention on Climate Change
Dec11, 1992
SUBMITTED BY
ER. RAVI PRASAD CHAUDHARY
PUR078MSCLWE004
MSc. LAND & WATER ENGINEERING
SUBMITTEDTO
ER. ADITYA DHAKAL
(Asst. Prof. & MSc. Coordinator)
DEPARTMENTOF AGRICULTURAL
ENGINEERING

2. Overviews
United Nations framework convention on climate change
UNFCC was adopted in 1992.
This convention was extended to first international treaty that
is Kyoto protocol
Kyoto protocol aims to reduce the emission of gases that
contribute to global warming
This protocol was adopted on dec11,1992 and entered into
force on feb12,2005
Currently, there are 192 parties/countries to Kyoto protocol

3. Major
Purposes
The causes for the changes in the climate are
mainly, but Kyoto protocol is specially focuses
on greenhouse gas emission
This protocol is aimed that the
parties/countries to this protocol would reduce
the greenhouse gas emission
It would make sure that the countries who
have signed Kyoto protocol would reduce the
greenhouse gas emission

4. Greenhouse
Gases
Carbon Dioxide (C02)
Methane (CH4)
Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCS)
Perfluorocarbons (PFCS)
Sulfur Hexafluoride (SF6)

5. Basic
Principles
 No compulsion on Developing countries
 Protocol asks commitment from developed
countries only

6. Goals of Kyoto
protocol
The protocol called for reducing the emission of 6
greenhouse gases in 41 countries plus europian union
to 5.2 percent below 1990 level
The protocol gives reduction targets to the countries
which are to be achieved within in a specific time frame
First commitment period was found from 2008 to 2012
& second from 2012 to 2020

7. Kyoto
mechanism
1 ) National measure
• Kyoto protocol asks the parties to take national
measure to control the emission of greenhouse gases
• Plantation, Reforestations , reduction industrialization
& Deforestation
2) Emission trading
• Kyoto protocol assigns certain units to the countries
• Countries can buy these units from each others in case
of exceeding the units
3) Project based mechanism
• Clean development mechanism
• Joint implementation