This will give you a overview of science and technology policies in India. Also, How science and technology and trade policy helped in the economic growth of India

1. How Science & Technology
and Trade Policy helped in the
economic growth of India
PGDMA 1820-1824

2. India’s R&D investments forecasted to increase to
US$ 83.27 billion in 2018 from US$ 76.91 billion in 2017
CURRENT SCENARIO OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

5. Major S&T policy
1991
New Industrial
Policy
Policies on MNCs
and FDI
1987
Technology
Information
Forecasting and
assessment
Council
1985
Textile Policy
Electronics Policy
1984
Computer Policy
1983
Tech. Policy
Statement issued
2000
Information
Technology
Department
1999
New Patents Policy
and exclusive
marketing rights as
part of WTO
1998
Phokran Nuclear
explosion
Income tax relief
on R & D and US
collaboration
1996
Commercialization
of Technology
1992
National Policy on
Education
New Fertilizer
Pricing Policy

6. Science, Technology & Innovation Policy
2013
Promoting the spread of scientific temper amongst all sections of society.
• Enhancing skill for applications of science among the young from all social strata.
• Making careers in science, research and innovation attractive enough for talented
and bright minds.
• Establishing world class infrastructure for R&D for gaining global leadership in some
select frontier areas of science.
• Positioning India among the top five global scientific powers by 2020.
• Creating an environment for enhanced Private Sector Participation in R&D.
• Enabling conversion of R&D outputs into societal and commercial applications by
replicating hitherto successful models as well as establishing of new PPP structures.
• Fostering resource-optimized, cost-effective innovations across size and technology
domains.
• Creating a robust national innovation system.

7. National Intellectual Property Rights
Policy
Objectives:
1) IPR Awareness: Outreach and Promotion – To create public awareness
about the economic, social and cultural benefits of IPRs among all sections of
society.
2) Generation of IPRs – To stimulate the generation of IPRs.
3) Legal and Legislative Framework – To have strong and effective IPR laws,
which balance the interests of rights owners with larger public interest.
4) Administration and Management – To modernize and strengthen service-
oriented IPR administration.
5) Commercialization of IPRs – Get value for IPRs through commercialization.
6) Enforcement and Adjudication – To strengthen the enforcement and
adjudicatory mechanisms for combating IPR infringements.
7) Human Capital Development – To strengthen and expand human
resources, institutions and capacities for teaching, training, research and skill
building in IPRs.

8. National Biotechnology Development
Strategy 2015-2020
The envisaged mission is to:
1) Provide impetus to utilizing the knowledge and tools to the advantage of
Humanity
2) Launch a major well directed mission backed with significant investment for
generation of new Biotech Products
3) Empower scientifically and technologically India’s incomparable Human Resource
4) Create a strong Infrastructure for R&D and Commercialization
5) Establish India as a world class Bio-manufacturing Hub
Expected outcomes:
A) Making India ready to meet the challenge of achieving US $100bn by 2025
B) Launching Four Major Missions – Healthcare, Food and Nutrition, Clean Energy
and Education
C) Creating a Technology Development and Translation network across the country
with global partnership-5 new clusters, 40 Biotech incubators, 150 TTOs, 20 Bio-
connect centers
D) Strategic and focused investment in building the Human Capital by creating a Life
Sciences and Biotechnology Education Council.

9. Technology Vision Document 2035
The Vision documents also identifies twelve (12) prerogatives- (six for meeting individual
needs and six for the collective needs) that should be available to each and every Indian.
Education Medical Sciences
& Healthcare
Food and
Agriculture
Water Energy Environment
Habitat Transportation Infrastructure Manufacturing Materials Information and
Communication
Technology

10. Space Vision India 2025
1) Satellite based communication and navigation systems
for rural connectivity, security needs and mobile services.
2) Enhanced imaging capability for natural resource
management, weather and climate change studies.
3) Space science missions for better understanding of
solar system and universe Planetary exploration.
4) Development of Heavy lift launcher.
5) Reusable Launch Vehicles – Technology demonstrator
missions leading to Two Stage To Orbit (TSTO)
6) Human Space Flight.

11. Trade Policy of India
India’s Trade Strategy
Import Liberalisation and Export Orientation
1. Abolition of
Licensing
2. Tariff Reduction
3. Liberalization of
Imports of Gold
and Silver
1. Reduction in Customs Duties to end Anti-
Export Bias
2. Devaluation of Rupee
3. Liberalization of Control over Exports
4. Duty-Free Import of Capital Goods for Use
in Production for Exports
5. Advance Licenses for Imports against
Exports
6. Incentive to Exports of Services
7. The Duty Drawback Scheme

12. Import Liberalization
Liberalization of Imports of
Gold and Silver
This has helped in
preventing smuggling
of these metals.
Abolition of Licensing Tariff Reduction
Reduction in import
duties from 150% in
1992-93 to 20% in 2004-
05 to eliminate
protection given to
domestic industries from
foreign competition to
increases efficiency and
productivity in the
domestic industries as it
exposes them to foreign
competition.
Most of the items of
imports have been put
on Open General
License (OGL) i.e. for
their imports, prior
approval or license
from any authority is
not required.

13. Export Orientation
1. Reduction in Customs Duties to end Anti-Export Bias:
Prior to 1991 customs duties of India were the highest in the world and were levied to
promote import substitution.
These very high customs duties provided a high degree of protection to domestic
industries.
In actual practice, the high degree of protection lowers efficiency and is not conducive
to optimum use and allocation of resources. In the absence of competition from imported
products, the prices of domestic goods were high and this served to induce import
substitution but worked against promotion for exports.
Since prices of products in international markets were lower, it was not profitable to
produce for export.
Therefore, to remove this anti-export bias and promote the growth of exports, custom
duties were reduced to 20% in 2004-05.

14. 2. Devaluation of Rupee by 20%:
Devaluation lowered the prices of our exports and gave an important boost to them. Prior to
1991 rupee currency was overvalued and to ensure growth in exports to make some foreign
exchange earnings, export subsidy in the form of cash compensatory allowance was
provided to exporters. Therefore, along with devaluation cash compensation allowance was
withdrawn.
3. Liberalization of Control over Exports:
Through continuous review and revisions during the last 20 years controls on exports has
been liberalized to the extent that now all goods may be exported without any restriction
except the few items mentioned in the negative list of exports. The items in the negative list
of exports are regulated because of strategic considerations, environmental and ecological
grounds, essential domestic requirements, employment generation and on account of socio-
cultural heritage.

15. 4. Duty-Free Import of Capital Goods for Use in Production for Exports:
A significant export- promoting measure is that capital goods meant to be used for
production of exportable products can be imported free of customs duty. There are two
windows to fulfill export obligation on FOB (free on board) and NFE (net foreign exchange)
basis.
5. Advance Licenses for Imports against Exports:
Advance licenses which are used to import specified raw materials without payment of any
customs duty against confirmed export order and/or letter of credit have been made
transferable after export obligation has been fulfilled.
6. Exemption from Tax and Credit Subsidies:
Profits or incomes from exports are completely exempt from income tea. Besides, exporters
are provided preferential access to credit from banks. Concessional rates of interest are
charged for pre-ship and post-ship credit to exporters.

16. 7. The Duty Drawback Scheme:
In this important scheme of providing incentives to exporters customs duty and excise duty
paid on inputs which are used for production of exports are reimbursed to exporters.
8. Incentive to Exports of Services:
In an attempt to provide massive thrust to export of services EXIM Policy 2003-04 has
introduced duty-free import facility for the service sector units having a minimum foreign
exchange earning of Rs 10 lakh. The scheme is likely to provide a major boost to export of
services like healthcare, entertainment, professional services and tourism.
9. Small-scale industries (SSI) reservations have been withdrawn from a large number of
items so that large-scale producers can produce these items cheaply and export them.

17. FUTURE IMPACT

18. Thankyou for your attention!