This document discusses volcanoes and their characteristics. It describes the four main types of volcanoes: fissure, cinder cone, shield, and composite. Fissure volcanoes erupt through long vents and produce flood lavas. Cinder cone volcanoes have steep sides and short eruptions producing loose cinders. Shield volcanoes have gentle slopes and erupt fluid basaltic lava over long periods. Composite volcanoes are large mountains that erupt tephra and lava, building their size over millions of years. Volcanoes can be active, dormant, or extinct depending on their recent eruption history, and they produce both primary hazards during eruptions and secondary hazards after.

1. Made by
R.Anusha.

2. ContentsContents
1.1. VolcanoVolcano
2.2. Why do volcanoes erupt.Why do volcanoes erupt.
3.3. Types of volcanoesTypes of volcanoes
4.4. Impacts of volcanoesImpacts of volcanoes
5.5. AdvantagesAdvantages
6.6. Predicting volcanoesPredicting volcanoes
7.7. Ring of fireRing of fire
8.8. MeasuresMeasures
9.9. Effects of volcanoesEffects of volcanoes

3. Volcano
• Volcanoes are just like mountains that
opens downward to a pool of molten
rock below the surface of the earth
• Volcanoes are openings in the earth’s
surface .when they are active they
can let ash,gas and hot magma
escape in sometimes voilent and
spectacular eruptions.
• Volcanoes are usually formed near the
tectonic plates meet.

4. Why do volcanoes erupt
• When rock inside the earth
becomes hot enough it
melts.just as an object that
is less dense than water
will float on water,the
relatively low density of
the magma causes it to
rise to the surface of the
earth

5. Types of volcanoesTypes of volcanoes
 There are mainly 4 types of volcanoesThere are mainly 4 types of volcanoes
1.1. Fissure volcanoesFissure volcanoes
2.2. Cinder cone volcanoesCinder cone volcanoes
3.3. Shield volcanoesShield volcanoes
4.4. Composite volcanoesComposite volcanoes

6. Fissure volcanoFissure volcano
 AA fissure ventfissure vent, also, also
known as aknown as a volcanicvolcanic
fissurefissure oror eruptioneruption
fissurefissure, is a linear, is a linear
volcanic vent throughvolcanic vent through
which lava erupts, usuallywhich lava erupts, usually
without any explosivewithout any explosive
activity.activity.
 Fissure vents can causeFissure vents can cause
large flood blasts whichlarge flood blasts which
run first in lava channelsrun first in lava channels
and later in lava tubes .and later in lava tubes .

7. Images fissure volcanoImages fissure volcano

8. Cinder cone volcanoesCinder cone volcanoes
 It has small base,steep-It has small base,steep-
sided,loosely consolidated.sided,loosely consolidated.
 Up to 1000 feet tall.Up to 1000 feet tall.
 Life span of a few yearsLife span of a few years
 Commonly built from gravel sizeCommonly built from gravel size
lava rock fragments call cinders.lava rock fragments call cinders.
 Has voilent eruptions,dangerousHas voilent eruptions,dangerous
when close.when close.
 When lava hits the ground itWhen lava hits the ground it
sticks rather it flows.sticks rather it flows.
 This builds a steep cone with aThis builds a steep cone with a
small base,small base,

9. Images of cinder cone volcanoesImages of cinder cone volcanoes

10. Shield volcanoShield volcano
 Large base,gentleLarge base,gentle
slope,lava rock layers.slope,lava rock layers.
 A few miles wide.A few miles wide.
 Life span of a millionLife span of a million
years or more.years or more.
 The lava is hot,thin,veryThe lava is hot,thin,very
fluid,often basalticfluid,often basaltic
 Example is hawaiianExample is hawaiian
islandsislands

11. Images of shield volcanoImages of shield volcano

12. Composite volcanoComposite volcano
 Large mountain volcano oftenLarge mountain volcano often
snow capped,a few miles high,snow capped,a few miles high,
 Life span of million years orLife span of million years or
moremore
 Have alternating eruptions ofHave alternating eruptions of
tephra and lava.the tephra addstephra and lava.the tephra adds
height to the volcano and theheight to the volcano and the
lava cements the tephra togetherlava cements the tephra together
and adds to the base.and adds to the base.
 Found mostly in subductionFound mostly in subduction
zones and have voilentzones and have voilent
eruptions.eruptions.
 Examples: Mt Rainier,MtExamples: Mt Rainier,Mt
Fuji,Mt kilimanjaro.Fuji,Mt kilimanjaro.


13. Images of composite volcanoImages of composite volcano
Mt st
helens
Mt
Rainier
Mt
Fuji
Mt kilimanjaro

14. Types of volcanoesTypes of volcanoes
Types of volcanoes
Active volcano Dorment volcano Extint volcano

15. Active volcanoActive volcano
 Volcanoes that eruptVolcanoes that erupt
regularly are calledregularly are called
active volcano.active volcano.
 An active volcano is aAn active volcano is a
volcano that isvolcano that is
erupting.erupting.
 examples areexamples are
 Yellowstone in USAYellowstone in USA
 Mt.vesuvius in itallyMt.vesuvius in itally

16. Images of active volcanoImages of active volcano
Mt.vesuvius
italy
Mt.niyiragongo
congo
Mt.merapi
indonesia
sukarajima

17. Dorment volcanoesDorment volcanoes
 A dorment volcano is aA dorment volcano is a
volcano that has notvolcano that has not
erupted in a long time buterupted in a long time but
there is possibility it canthere is possibility it can
erupt in the future.erupt in the future.
 Volcanoes that haveVolcanoes that have
erupted in historicalerupted in historical
times,but which remainedtimes,but which remained
dorment for many years.dorment for many years.
 Ex:Mt.kilimanjaro,TanzaniEx:Mt.kilimanjaro,Tanzani
a,and Arica.a,and Arica.

18. Images of dorment volcanoImages of dorment volcano

19. Extint volcanoExtint volcano
 Volcano that has no previous record ofVolcano that has no previous record of
eruption and have remained quiet and refferederuption and have remained quiet and reffered
as extint or dead volcano.as extint or dead volcano.
 Ex:Mauna Kea.Ex:Mauna Kea.

26. Effects of volcanoesEffects of volcanoes
 Volcanoes can devastate the surroundingVolcanoes can devastate the surrounding
environment and change the nearby terrainenvironment and change the nearby terrain
completely.The volcanic hazards can becompletely.The volcanic hazards can be
broadly categorized into twobroadly categorized into two
 1.primary volcanic hazards.1.primary volcanic hazards.
 2.secondary volcanic hazards.2.secondary volcanic hazards.

27.  Primary volcanic hazardsPrimary volcanic hazards
1.1. The windshield of the aircraft may get frosted.The windshield of the aircraft may get frosted.
2.2. strippistrippi