Study on GSM | Study on GSM of woven & knit fabric | What is GSM

1. GREEN UNIVERSITY OF BANGLADESH
Department Of Textile
Lab Report
Course Code : TE 415
Course Title : Textile Testing & Quality Control III Lab
No Of Experiment : 04
Name Of Experiment : Study on GSM of woven & knit fabric
Remarks:
Submitted By:
Name : Md Rakibul Hassan
ID : 183014057
Section : E2
Department : Textile
Submitted to:
Name : Avijeet Datta
Designation : Lecturer
Department : Textile

2. Experiment No: 04
Experiment Name: Study on GSM of woven & knit fabric.
Introduction:
The GSM of fabric is one kind of specification of fabric which is very important for a textile engineer
for understanding and production of fabric. ‘GSM’ means ‘Gram per square meter’ that is the weight
of fabric in gram per one square meter. By this we can compare the fabrics in unit area which is
heavier and which is lighter.
Objectives:
1. To know what is GSM
2. To know everything about GSM
3. To know about GSM of woven fabric
4. To know about GSM of knit fabric
5. To determine the GSM of the given samples of fabric.
6. To compare the GSM of them.
Theory:
The weight of a fabric can be expressed in two ways, either as the ‘weight per unit area’ or the ‘weight
per unit length’; In woven fabric, the weight per unit length is usually referred to as the ‘weight per
running yard’. For measuring this there are a template and a quadrant balance. The template area is
1/100 square yards of which each arm is 1/10 yards in length. For measuring GSM, a GSM cutter is
used to cut the fabric and weight is taken in balance. Both of these measurement and method is equally
used for both woven and knitted fabrics.
Let, M=Weight of (100×1) yd2 fabric in lbs.
So, W=M/100 lb/yd2
Again, 1yd2 = (0.9144)2 m2 = 0.84m2
1lb =453.6g
Apparatus:
1. Template
2. Quadrant balance
3. Scissor
4. GSM cutter
5. Electric balance.

3. Sample:
Finished cotton woven fabric
Finished cotton knitted fabric.
Atmospheric condition:
Wet condition: – 26 ° c. & Dry condition: – 30° c.
Difference between wet and dry bulb = 30° c-26 ° c. = 4° c
So, relative humidity (RH) = 70 %
M/c specification:
Name : Quadrant balance
Brand : Good brand & Co. Ltd.
Scale : 100 yards for fabric.
Working Procedure:
1. For measuring with Quadrant balance, at first we should cut the fabric sample according to
the template area. By this way we cut 10 woven samples and 10 knitted samples.
2. Now weigh these samples in pounds by quadrant balance according to 100 yards scale.
3. By this way we get the weight in pound per 100 square yards fabric.
4. For Measuring GSM, we should cut the fabric sample by GSM cutter. By this way cut 10
woven samples and 10 knitted samples.
5. Now weigh these samples by electric balance in grams.
6. By this way we get the weight in gram per one square meter fabric.
7. Now find out the average of these found weights.
8. For woven fabrics find out the weight per running yards assuming the loom width 48 inches.
Data:

4. Calculation:
G.S.M. of woven fabric = (102.59+108+108+102.59+113.4) / 5 =106.91
G.S.M. of knitted fabric = (135+135+129.6+135+129.6) / 5 =132.84
Results:
S.M. of given woven fabric =106.91
S.M of given knitted fabric =132.84
Remark:
This is a direct measuring tester. So the result should be accurate. But as the samples are of both

5. cotton fabrics, so there are effects of moisture content on the weight of fabrics. Besides the knitted
fabrics are very much extensible and proper relaxed state is quite different during cutting of sample
with GSM cutter. Therefore there are variations among their weights. The effects of moisture content
can be accounted for either by conditioning the specimen in the standard atmosphere or by taking the
specimen to oven dry weight and adding the official regain.
Conclusion:
In this experimental I have learnt about gsm of woven & knit fabric. I would like to thank our
respected teacher for the important instructions. I am also grateful to our lab assistants for their kind
help. This experiment helps me to know about the weight of fabric per unit area that is very important
for textile testing. I think this will be very helpful in my practical life.