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Contents
Differences in methods of data collection in quantitative
and qualitative research
Major approaches to information gathering
Collecting data using primary sources
Observation
The interview
The questionnaire
Collecting data using secondary sources
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Differences in the methods of data collection in
quantitative and qualitative research
Data collection can be used in both qualitative and
quantitative research.
Difference is mainly due to the restrictions imposed on
flexibility, structure, sequential order, depth and
freedom
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Major approaches to information gathering
Information
Gathering Data
Primary Data
Primary Sources
Fresh Copy
Secondary Data
Secondary
Sources
Already
Collected
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Collecting Data Using Primary Sources
Several methods can be used to collect primary data
Sometimes the objectives of a study cannot be used
because of constraints
In selecting a method of data collection, the
socioeconomic characteristics of the study population
play an important role
To maintain quality of data, the purpose and relevance
of the study are explained to respondents
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Observation
Used in studies relating to behavioral sciences
Observation is a purposeful, systematic and selective
way of watching and listening
Observation becomes a scientific tool and the method
of data collection
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Participant & Non-Participant Observation
Participant observation
is when we as a
researcher, participate in
the activities
Non-Participant
observation when we as a
researcher, do not get
involved in the activities
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Advantages of Observation Method
Data collected at the time of occurrence of the event
Observation is done in natural surroundings
Sometimes, the respondents may not like to part with
some of the information. Such information can be
obtained by the researcher through observation.
Observation can also be done on those who cannot
articulate.
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Limitations of Observation Method
Observer might wait for longer period.
Training of observers is required.
This is an expensive method.
External observation provides only superficial
indications.
Two observers may observe the same event, but may
draw different inferences.
Difficult to gather information on opinions & intentions.
When individuals or groups become aware that they are
being observed, they may change their behaviour.
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The interview
Commonly used method of collecting information
It involves presentation of oral-verbal talks and reply in
terms of oral-verbal responses.
Researcher have the freedom to decide questions
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Advantages of the interview
It is useful for collecting in-depth information.
Information can be supplemented.
Questions can be explained.
Interviewing has a wider application.
The interview is more appropriate for complex
situations.
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Disadvantages of the interview
Interviewing is time consuming and expensive.
The quality of data depends upon the quality of the
interaction.
The quality of data depends upon the quality of the
interviewer.
The quality of data may vary when many interviewers
are used.
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The questionnaire
Quite popular and particularly used in big enquiries
A questionnaire is a written list of questions.
It is important that the questions are clear and easy to
understand.
Questionnaire developed in an interactive style.
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Ways of administering a questionnaire
The mailed questionnaire
Send the questionnaire to prospective respondents by mail
Collective administration
Best ways of managing a questionnaire is to obtain a captive
audience
Administration in a public place
Public place such as a shopping centre, health centre,
hospital, school or pub
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Disadvantages of a questionnaire
Application is limited.
The response rate is low.
There is a self-selecting bias.
Opportunity to clarify issues is lacking.
The response to a question may be influenced by the
response to other questions.
It is possible to consult others.
A response cannot be supplemented with other
information.
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Collecting data using secondary sources
Secondary data means data that are already available.
Both qualitative and quantitative research studies use
secondary sources as a method of data collection.
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Literature Review Submitted on:
Research Field : Computer Science & Engineering
Research Area : Natural Language Processing (NLP)
Research Topic: Sentiment Analysis On Social Networking Site
In today’s world, sentiment analysis (SA) stands as the prominent research
topic in demand under the Natural Language Processing (NLP).
The fundamental objective of this research topic is to spot out the emotions
and opinions of the users via a text basis.
Sentiment analysis is nontrivial task, many challenges still not addressed and
resolve efficiently. Sentiment analysis highlight the most important challenges
that are faced by sentiment Analysis (SA) are Language-oriented Issues,
Detection of spam and fake reviews, Negation handling, Spam and Fake
Opinions on Social Sites etc.
So, we need to develop the appropriate techniques and advance algorithms
for detecting and filtering out the faked opinions in the collected dataset, build
robust method for negation handling, building language-oriented lexicons and
dictionaries, solve language related issues etc.
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References
Ranjit Kumar, "Research Methodology: A Step by Step
Guide for Beginners", SAGE Publications Ltd., 2011.
C. R. Kothari ,"Research Methodology: Methods and
Trends", New Age International,2004
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H.V.P.M’s
College of Engineering & Technology,
Amravati-444605,
Maharashtra, India.
Thank You !!!