Important to understand

1. Camera Functions
• Shooting Mode
• ISO (film’s sensitivity to light)
• Meter (measures light in a scene and calculates proper exposure)
• Aperture (controls the intensity of light)
• Shutter speed (controls the amount of time light exposes film for)

2. Shooting Modes
• Professional modes:
• Manual
• Aperture
• Shutter
• Program
• Auto (with flash)
• Portrait
• Landscape
• Sport (action)
• Night

3. • Slow Shutter
• Foliage
• Snow
• Beach
• Fireworks
• Indoor

4. Additional shooting modes:
Portrait: main subject in focus, blurred background
Night Portrait: flash activated, show shutter to expose bkgd
Beach/Snow: Bright light fools meter, will “close down” for detail
Landscape: no flash, distance focus
Sunset: no flash, silhouette, slow shutter
Closeup/macro: focus very close to lens, use tripod
Backlight: flash activated to “fill in foreground”
Off: turns off all settings for manual adjustments

5. ISO
• Film ISO speed = is the number that
indicates the film’s sensitivity to light.
• Some cameras automatically set the
ISO when the film is loaded. If not, set
the ISO on your camera.

6. • ISO:
• (film’s sensitivity to light)
• The higher the number, the more sensitive
or ‘faster’ the film; the lower the number,
the ‘slower’ the film.

7. Full ISO’s
ISO ISO ISO ISO
100 200 400 800

8. Full ISO’s either
double or half as you move from one to
the other
1/2X - 2X
Ex – ISO200 is twice as fast or twice as light
sensitive as ISO100. Similarly, ISO200 is half
as fast or half as light sensitive as ISO100.
ISO ISO ISO ISO
100 200 400 800

9. ISO (film’s sensitivity to light)
• ISO 50 / ISO 100: Bright Sun, Portrait Mode,
Beach, Snow, Indoor Flash
• ISO 200 / ISO400: Cloudy Day, Sports, Fast
Shutter Speeds Bright Sun, Landscape
• ISO 400 + : Low Light, Indoor Without a
Flash, Night, Fast Shutter Speeds During
Cloudy Day

10. Meter
• The meter measures the amount of light in the
scene and calculates the best exposure value.
• Most 35mm cameras have exposure meters built
into them. Some in-camera meters set exposure
automatically, but we will override this function
and set the meter ourselves using the apertures
and shutter speed.
• All in-camera meters are reflective – measure the
light reflected by the subject.
• A second type of meter is incident – measure the
light falling on the subject.

11. Meter
• Most SLR camera meters are the
averaging type, reading the entire
picture area.

12. Meter
• Evaluative (Matrix)
• Evaluates entire picture frame and takes an average
of multiple zones throughout scene
• Center Weighted
• Averages the exposure of entire frame but gives
extra weight to the center to 18 degrees out
• Spot
• Meters subject in center (or at selected AF point;)
only “spot” 3 degrees from center will be metered and
ignoring rest of frame. (best for backlighting, macro,
moon)

13. METERING:
Make sure your AF sensor is
placed on main subject for the
exposure reading; especially in
areas with high contrast (areas of
blacks and whites)

15. Drive Mode
• Single Shot
• Press on the shutter release button and takes one
picture
• Continuous
• Press on the shutter release button and it takes
continuous pictures until you release the button
• Self Timer
• Press on the shutter release button and the camera
has a delay until the picture is taken.

16. Image Exposure

17. Exposure
Exposure = Intensity of Light (X) Time
• Intensity = is controlled by the aperture (f/stop)
of the camera’s lens
• Time = is controlled by the shutter (shutter
speeds) on the camera
• ISO = film’s sensitivity to light

18. Unit Of Measurement
• The unit of measurement used to measure
light is called a “Stop”.
• Some 35mm SLR Cameras use 1/3 stop
increments, but we will be using FULL Fstops

19. f/stops in 1/3 increments
f/2.8
f/4.5
f/7.1
f/11
f/18
f/29
f/3.2
f/5.0
f/8
f/13
f/20
f/32
f/3.5
f/5.6
f/9
f/14
f/22
f/4
f/6.3
f/10
f/16
f/25

20. Full - f/stops

21. Full f/stops either half or double
as you move from one to the
other
2X - 1/2X

22. REVIEW:
F8 is half or double the
amount of light as F11?

23. Shutter speeds in 1/3 increments
1/15
1/40
1/100
1/250
1/640
1/1600
1/20
1/50
1/125
1/320
1/800
1/2000
1/25
1/60
1/160
1/400
1/1000
1/30
f/80
f/200
1/500
1/1250

24. Full Shutter Speeds

25. Full shutter speeds either double
or half as you move from one to
the other
2X - 1/2X

26. REVIEW:
1/500 is half or twice as fast
as 1/250?

27. Review:
• If 1/500 is twice as fast as 1/250, is that
double or half the amount of light?

28. Review:
• If 1/500 is twice as fast as 1/250, is that
double or half the amount of light?
• Half as much light because it’s half the
amount of time as 1/500.

29. What to study Quiz #1
• Exposure
• ISO
• Full Fstops
• Full Shutter Speeds

30. Bring to class next week:
• Study for Quiz #1
• Camera and ISO125 film, one roll
• Readings