Intro to Photography

1. Camera Parts and Functions
Aperture (f-stops)

2. Bellwork:
Review with a partner the notable
differences between using a fast
shutter speed and a slow shutter
speed. Be ready to share with the
class as non-volunteers will be called
on to share responses.

3. Aperture
• An aperture is defined as a hole or opening
through which light is emitted.
Inside the camera lens is a system of blades which open and
close to increase or decrease the opening through which light
passes into the camera.

4. Aperture
The higher the
aperture number,
the smaller the
opening.
f/2

5. Aperture
• Often referred to as an f-stop, aperture is usually
represented by numbers such as: f/1.8, or f/5.6
• A smaller number means a wider opening and is
referred to as a larger value (ex. A large aperture
of 2.0, a small aperture of 22).
• The wider the lens is open (larger aperture value),
the more light gets in (you can use faster shutter
speeds).

6. Aperture

7. Depth of Field
• Aperture also controls depth of field (DOF), which
refers to how much of your image is in focus.
• A wide aperture (small #) will give a shallow DOF
and can be used to isolate a subject.

8. Depth of Field

9. AB Partner Activity:
Choose one partner to be the “A” and the other the “B”.
The A will go first, followed by the B
• Set the shutter speed at 1/125
• Set the ISO at 800
• Take a series of photos of each other
using these apertures: (make sure there is
something in the foreground and background so you
can review the depth of field later)
• 5.6, 11, 22
• Write what happens to the image at each
aperture including the lighting and depth
of field.

10. Both of the images you see here are exposed correctly, but the
images contain noticeable differences. Notice the shutter speed used
on the image on the right. It is much slower (1/30) than the one on the
left (1 second). Review the two images for depth of field. Which
image has more depth of field than the other? The image on the right
is using an f/16 while the image on the left is using only an f2.8.

11. Basic In-Camera Settings
• Exposure Modes
• There are several modes available that offer a combination
of automatic and manual control over the three elements of
exposure.
• Auto, sometimes represented by an A, or simply a green
square, is a fully automated feature. A true “point and
shoot” camera is one that allows the camera to select all of
the settings for you.

12. Also, the tripod socket is located at the camera base.

13. Also, the tripod socket is located at the camera base.

14. Basic In-Camera Settings
• AV, or Aperture Priority, allows you to choose the
aperture value while the camera selects the
shutter speed required to obtain a correct
exposure.
• TV, or Shutter Priority, allows you to choose the
shutter speed while the camera selects the
aperture, which would produce the correct
exposure.
• M, or Manual, gives you complete manual control.
You will need to select shutter speed and aperture.

15. Basic In-Camera Settings
• Scene Modes are basically fully automatic modes
designed specifically for a certain situation. They
typically place emphasis on one or more settings
based on the typical circumstances of the situation
chosen.
• Most digital cameras have very similar scene
modes available.

16. Scene Modes
• Backlight - eliminates dark shadows when light is
coming from behind a subject, or when the subject
is in the shade. The built-in flash automatically fires
to "fill in" the shadows.
• Beach/Snow - photograph beach, snow, and sunlit
water scenes. Exposure and white balance are set
to help prevent the scene from becoming washed
out.

17. Scene Modes
• Fireworks - shutter speed and exposure are set for
shooting fireworks; pre-focusing & use of tripod
recommended.
• Landscape - take photos of wide scenes. Camera
automatically focuses on a distant object.
• Macro - take close-up shots of small objects,
flowers and insects. Lens can be moved closer to
the subject than in other modes. Hold the camera
steady or use a tripod.

18. Scene Modes
• Night Portrait - take photos of a subject against a
night scene. The built-in flash and red-eye
reduction are enabled; shutter-speeds are low.
Use of tripod recommended.
• Night Scene - photograph nightscapes.
Preprogrammed to use slow shutter speeds. Use
of tripod recommended.

19. Scene Modes
• Portrait - main subject is clearly focused and the
background is out of focus (has less depth of field).
Best when taking shots outside during the day.
Shoot using a mid to long telephoto lens, stand
close to your subject within the recommended
camera range and, when possible, select an
uncomplicated background that is far from the
subject.

20. Scene Modes
• Sports (also called Kids & Pets)- take photos of a
fast moving subject; fast shutter speeds "freeze"
the action. Best when shots are taken in bright
light; pre-focusing recommended.
• Sunset - take photos of sunsets and sunrises;
helps keep the deep hues in the scene.

21. CLOSURE:
Ticket to Leave
3-2-1
Take an index card, write name & period
on it and then …
important terms from this lesson
you learned today.
key ideas you’d still like to know
more about.
concept you believe you fully
understand.
A few non-volunteers are chosen to report their
responses on the KWI assignment.