The concept of Values and Ethics

1. THE CONCEPT OF
VALUES AND ETHICS IN
ISLAM

2. THE CONCEPT OF VALUES
 Beliefs of one person towards another.
• Values are the foundation for the attitude, perception,
motivation, personality and development of a nation and
organization.
 A person's values indirectly determine his or her life.
 The attitude that a person represents is a reflection of that
person's values.
 The attitude of the individual derives from the core of the
individual's values
.

3. THE CONCEPT OF VALUES
 According to sociologists, value is a common idea that is
shared about what is good or bad, right or wrong (Doob,
2000, Calhoun et al. 1994).
 Values has certain characteristics:
1. abstract, because it is generic;
2. the role of providing a framework for humans to form the
norm;
3. function in determining the entire way of life of the
people.

4. THE CONCEPT OF VALUES
4. is private;
5. non-static and subject to changes with different
values being used for different situations; and
6. is based on human and non-human resources.

5. THE CONCEPT OF ETHICS
 Comes from the Greek word – ETHOS
 An attitude or custom that determines the behavior of a
group.
 Theory of Action.
 A philosophy of values that takes into account human
actions or behaviors.
 A set of moral principles that distinguish right or wrong.
 It is ultimately a discipline of science that studies the
moral, moral principles, moral methods and actions and
human behavior.

6. THE CONCEPT OF ETHICS
 Some see ethics as a law or regulation, a religious belief, a
conscience or a generally accepted custom.
 The International Encyclopedia of Social Sciences (1968)
defines ethic as below:
1. the amount of morality established by a society as a
result of sociologists' observations of the behavior of their
members;
2. a systematic code of moral principles; and
3. philosophical theories about the rationale of behavior.

7. DEFINITION OF MORAL
 Comes from the Greek word – MORES
 Customs and habits.
 The general idea that a society accepts on good
and bad behavior.
 The code of conduct that comprises the
customary values and aspirations of a society
towards a good and bad behavior.

8. ETHICS & MORAL
Is a determination of what is
good and bad according to
human reasoning.

9. ETHICS ACCORDING TO
ISLAM
■ Islamic ethics is seen as any ethical
practices related to Islam.
■ Islamic ethics refers to morality (akhlak).

10. DEFINITION OF
AKHLAK
IN TERMS OF LANGUAGE:
 Character
 Habit
 Dignity
 Religion

11. DEFINITION OF AKHLAK
“The principles and basic or
methods set by revelation to realize
in order conduct and limit (form)
of relationship with others to
achieve the goal of existence in the
world in the most perfect way”.
Miqdad Yalchin

12. PRINCIPLES ON THE
PHILOSOPHY OF
AKHLAK

13. • Akhlak is included in important things in
life.
• Morals is not just a repeated word or
slogan.
• The source of Akhlak is devine revelation
and conform to human nature.

14. • The highest goal of religion and akhlak or
morality is happiness in the world and the
hereafter.
• Akhlak theory will not be complete except for
five things: conscience, instruction, punishment,
responsibility and reward.

15. MAJOR DIFFERENCES
BETWEEN MORAL/
ETHICS AND ISLAMIC
ETHICS???

16.  ISLAMIC ETHICS:
1. Source from the revelation of
the Quran and the Sunnah.
2. Comes from the absolute.

17.  MORAL AND ETHICS :
1. Source comes from the human
thinking ability,
2. Not sacred, not absolute and not
fixed, only humanity on earth.

18. KEYWORDS OF ISLAMIC ETHICS
IMAN
ISLAM
TAQWA
IHSAN
DISCUSS IN GROUP
(SCL 1)