“Bringing Nanodentistry into Periodontics”- Guest lecture as a part of Dr NTRUHS Zonal CDE programme at Army College of Dental Sciences, Hyderabad, India on 1/8/2013.

2. A nanoparticle (or nanopowder or
nanocluster or nanocrystal) is a
microscopic particle with at least
one dimension less than 100 nm.
The prefix “nano” originates from
Greek and means “dwarf”, which
refers to the microscopic size that
nanotechnology deals with.

3. Nanoparticle research is currently an area of
intense scientific research, due to a wide
variety of potential applications in biomedical,
optical, and electronic fields.
Nanoparticles are of great scientific interest as
they are effectively a bridge between bulk
materials and atomic or molecular structures

6. • Ostim ®
• VITOSS ®
• NanOssTM
• Nanophase
hydroxy apatite
• Nanophase carbon
• Nano silver
• Nanoscale
cantilevers
• Nanopores
• Nanotubes
• Quantum dots
• Nanoshells
• Dendrimers
• Diagnostics
• Drug delivery
• Regeneration
• Asepsis
Uses Types
ProductsMaterials

8. A bulk material should have constant physical
properties regardless of its size, but at the nano-scale
this is often not the case. The properties of materials
change as their size approaches the nano-scale and
as the percentage of atoms at the surface of a
material becomes significant.

9. Nanoparticles are unique because of their large surface
area and this dominates the contributions made by the
small bulk of the material as opposed to bulk materials
larger than one micrometre.
Gold nanoparticle Gold microparticle

10. Properties* Nano-HA HA
Porosity 70% 40%
Compressive strength 3.5 MPa 2 MPa
Shape retention 30 days 14 days
Biocompatibility Good Good
Bone forming ability Good Good
*Liuyun J, Yubao L, Chengdong X. Preparation and biological properties of a novel composite scaffold of
nano-hydroxyapatite for bone tissue engineering. J Biomed Sci. 2009 Jul 14;16:65.

11. *Griffitt RJ et al. Toxicol Sci. 2009 Feb;107(2):404-15.

13. Silver for medicinal purposes was described as early as
in the 8th century.
Silver nanoparticles stimulate the deep interest of
scientists because they offer essential advantages,
such as thermal conductivity, chemical stability, and
catalytic and antimicrobial activity.

16. GTR membranes are very susceptible to bacterial contamination and
using a nanosilver impregnated membrane might theoretically reduce
the contamination.

17. Healiguide®Colloidal Silver
Nanoparticle solution
(0.1 mg/ml)

18. Uniform core-shell Nano-silver particles

19. A 50.0 nm layer of silver
was coated on the GTR
membrane by the
evaporation rate of
2nm/s via the physical
vapour deposition
(PVD) method.
Microprocessor unit of the
depositing machine
monitors the rate of
evaporation of and the
thickness of the nano
silver.

20. • Advantage of the PVDEB method is that
the deposition rate can be varied from as low as 1nm/s to as high as few
micrometers/s.
thickness of the coated layer can be measured, monitored and controlled
during the coating process.

22. After coating with nanosilver
Gingiva side Bone side

23. Property Before Coating After coating
Appearance Yellow Darker on one side (Difficult to blind in trials)
Porosity 50 micron pores No effect on porosity as the layer is a
nanocoating
Volume 25x30 mm no significant volumetric change as measured
by the swelling ratio (Q)

24. Stress–strain characteristics of normal(1) and nanocoated (2)
collagen GTR membrane shows that there is a tendency for the GTR
membrane to become brittle because of nano treatment.
Plastic
region

25. The size and size
distribution might be
important in some
cases, for example if
penetration through
a pore structure of a
cellular membrane is
required.
The core itself might
have several layers and
be multifunctional.
More often, an
additional layer of
linker molecules is
required to proceed
with further
functionalization.
This is to bind various
moieties like
antibodies,
fluorophores, etc.,
depending on the
function required by
the application.

26. Biocompatibilty
Nanometer-scale surface
enhancement on de novo
bone formation on titanium
implants has a positive effect
on bone formation (Int J
Periodontics Restorative Dent. 2007
Jun;27(3):211-9).
Shape Retention
Chitosan/bioactive glass
nanoparticle membranes
retain shape better. (Acta
Biomater. 2012 Nov;8(11):4173-80).
Signaling
Periodontal ligament cells
respond better to nanophase
hydroxyapatite. (J Mater Sci
Mater Med. 2007 May;18(5):677-83).
Recognition
Nanocrystalline
hydroxyapatite respond
better to local Growth
Factors. (J Clin Periodontol. 2009
Sep;36(9):807-14).
Augmentation
Ultrastructural changes in
bacterial membranes induced
by nano chlorhexidine leads
to increased vacuolization,
cellular leakage, and
membrane defects in bacteria
as compared to normal CHX..
(Pharm Dev Technol. 2013 May-
Jun;18(3):600-8.).

27. Nano- CaF2/Ag/CHX mouthwashes
Nano-Triclosan Loaded LDD
P gingivalis targeted systems
Ostim ®
VITOSS ®
NanOssTM
Anti-hypersensitivity mouthrinses
Nano- sterilizing solutions
Nano-sensor tests