Introduction to City and Regional Planning Fundamentals

Introduction to City and Regional
Planning
AR 441
Dr. Mervat Abdel Aziz Nasr
Professor Emeritus
of Architecture and Urban Design
Week 2 - 2019/2020 Dr. Mervat Nasr

Lecture 2
Introduction:
Definitions and scope of planning

Lecture 2: Contents
1. Introduction:
2. Definitions and scope of planning
3. Planning levels:
• National
• Regional
• city and town planning

Introduction
• Planning is an organizational process for
community service, or is an integrated specialized
study of an urban area with a problem which is to
be solved in order to maximize its benefits from
its natural resources and to provide comfort to its
inhabitants.
•
‫التخطيط‬ ‫يعتبر‬
‫المجتمع‬ ‫لخدمة‬ ‫تنظيمية‬ ‫عملية‬
‫دراسة‬ ‫هو‬ ‫او‬ ،
‫حلها‬ ‫يراد‬ ‫ما‬ ‫مشكلة‬ ‫بها‬ ‫عمرانية‬ ‫لمنطقة‬ ‫متكاملة‬ ‫تخصصية‬
‫الراحة‬ ‫وتحقيق‬ ‫الطبيعية‬ ‫مواردها‬ ‫من‬ ‫استفادها‬ ‫القصى‬ ‫للوصول‬
‫لسكانها‬

Definition of planning ‫التخطيط‬ ‫تعريف‬
• Develop a plan to achieve the objectives of the
society in a specific function area for a specific
geographical area in a specific time span
•
‫وضع‬
‫معين‬ ‫وظيفى‬ ‫مجال‬ ‫فى‬ ‫المجتمع‬ ‫أهداف‬ ‫لتحقيق‬ ‫خطة‬
‫محدد‬ ‫زمنى‬ ‫مدى‬ ‫فى‬ ‫معينة‬ ‫جغرافية‬ ‫لمنطقة‬

Proper planning ‫السليم‬ ‫التخطيط‬
• Proper planning must be realistic in order to meet
the target in the specified time and continuity of
validity throughout the time period estimated to
be implemented with the highest degree of
efficiency
•
‫يكون‬ ‫ان‬ ‫يجب‬ ‫السليم‬ ‫التخطيط‬
‫الوقت‬ ‫فى‬ ‫للهدف‬ ‫محققا‬ ‫واقعيا‬
‫المقدر‬ ‫الزمنى‬ ‫المدى‬ ‫طوال‬ ‫الصالحية‬ ‫ومستمر‬ ‫له‬ ‫المحدد‬ ‫المناسب‬
‫الكفاءة‬ ‫درجات‬ ‫من‬ ‫درجة‬ ‫باعلى‬ ‫لتنفيذه‬

• Planning is a curriculum and methodology in
politics, management and human activity, a work
that has social, economic and natural aspects,
taking into consideration the three dimensions of
time: past, present and future.
•
‫هو‬ ‫التخطيط‬
‫نشاط‬ ‫وكل‬ ‫واالدارة‬ ‫السياسة‬ ‫فى‬ ‫واسلوب‬ ‫منهج‬
‫مع‬ ‫وطبيعية‬ ‫واقتصادية‬ ‫اجتماعية‬ ‫جوانب‬ ‫له‬ ‫عمل‬ ‫وهو‬ ،‫انسانى‬
‫الثالثة‬ ‫الزمنية‬ ‫االبعاد‬ ‫االعتبار‬ ‫فى‬ ‫االخذ‬
:
‫والحاضر‬ ‫الماضى‬
‫والمستقبل‬
Proper Planning ‫السليم‬ ‫التخطيط‬

‫العمرانى‬ ‫التخطيط‬ ‫علم‬ ‫مسمى‬
•
‫مر‬ ‫الذى‬ ‫التطور‬ ‫مراحل‬ ‫خالل‬ ‫التخطيط‬ ‫علم‬ ‫مسميات‬ ‫تعددت‬
،‫المعاصر‬ ‫ومفهومه‬ ‫العلم‬ ‫مضمون‬ ‫عن‬ ‫تعبر‬ ‫ال‬ ‫وترجمتها‬ ‫به‬
‫المناسب‬ ‫بالمعنى‬ ‫تسميته‬ ‫تم‬ ‫وقد‬
”
‫العمرانى‬ ‫التتخطيط‬
”
‫فى‬
‫عام‬
1963
‫واالنجليزية‬ ‫بالعربية‬ ‫مسمياته‬ ‫تعدد‬ ‫رغم‬
:
–
‫البلدة‬ ‫تخطيط‬
Town Planning
–
‫حضرى‬ ‫تخطيط‬
Urban Planning
–
‫المدينة‬ ‫تخطيط‬
City Planning
–
‫واإلقليم‬ ‫المدينة‬ ‫تخطيط‬
City and Regional Planning
–
‫الطبيعى‬ ‫التخطيط‬
Physical Planning

Urban Planning ‫العمرانى‬ ‫التخطيط‬

1. What is Urban Planning ?
2. What are the aspects of Urban Planning ?
3. When did the urban planning start?
4. What might Happen if planning wasn’t there? Why Urban
Planning?
5. Characteristics of proper planning
6. Levels of Urban Planning
• National Planning
• Regional Planning
• City and town Planning
Urban planning ‫العمرانى‬ ‫التخطيط‬

Urban planning ‫العمرانى‬ ‫التخطيط‬
• An science of shaping and guiding the physical
growth of the city creating buildings and
environments that meet all various needs :
social, cultural, economic , recreational and to
provide both rich and poor people healthy
environment to live , to work and to play or
relax

Urban Planning
Well-balanced social and
economic development
Improvement of life
quality
Responsible management
of resources and
environment protection
Rational use of land

The Aspects of Urban planning
‫العمرانى‬ ‫التخطيط‬ ‫أبعاد‬
Physical
Built
Environment
Social
Man’s
interrelationship
and Behavior
cultural
Spiritual
Environment
Economic
Financial
Environment
Political
Ideological
Environment
Ecological
Natural
Environment

The Role of Urban planners
‫دور‬
‫ال‬
‫م‬
‫العمرانى‬ ‫خطط‬
•
‫ما‬ ‫منطقة‬ ‫تواجه‬ ‫خاصة‬ ‫مشكلة‬ ‫عن‬ ‫المعلومات‬ ‫كافة‬ ‫بتجميع‬ ‫يقوم‬ ‫الذى‬ ‫المفكر‬ ‫هو‬ ‫المخطط‬ ‫يعتبر‬
‫حلها‬ ‫يراد‬
•
‫المشاكل‬ ‫بقية‬ ‫عن‬ ‫وعزلها‬ ‫األخرى‬ ‫بالمشاكل‬ ‫وعالقتها‬ ‫المشكلة‬ ‫دراسة‬ ‫يتم‬
•
‫على‬ ‫ينفذ‬ ‫زمنى‬ ‫برنامج‬ ‫وضع‬ ‫مع‬ ‫للمشكلة‬ ‫حل‬ ‫أنسب‬ ‫واختيار‬ ‫المعلومات‬ ‫بتحليل‬ ‫المخطط‬ ‫يقوم‬
‫المنشود‬ ‫للهدف‬ ‫للوصول‬ ‫وذلك‬ ‫مراحل‬
• A planner is a thinker who gathers all information about a particular
problem facing an area that is to be resolved. He studies and analyzes the
information and selects the most appropriate solution to the problem and
put time schedule implement in stages to achieve the desired goal

• Inability to identify the core
issues.
• Inappropriate or outdated
planning approaches and tools.
• Weak capacity to develop and
implement plans.
• Legal frameworks that do not
provide sufficient traction for
plans.
• Plans that do not have sufficient
time.
•
‫األساسية‬ ‫القضايا‬ ‫تحديد‬ ‫على‬ ‫القدرة‬ ‫عدم‬
.
•
‫أو‬ ‫الالئقة‬ ‫غير‬ ‫التخطيط‬ ‫وأدوات‬ ‫أساليب‬
‫القديمة‬
.
•
‫الخطط‬ ‫وتنفيذ‬ ‫تطوير‬ ‫على‬ ‫القدرة‬ ‫ضعف‬
.
•
‫كافية‬ ‫قوة‬ ‫توفر‬ ‫ال‬ ‫التي‬ ‫القانونية‬ ‫األطر‬
‫للمخطط‬
.
•
‫كاف‬ ‫وقت‬ ‫لديها‬ ‫ليس‬ ‫التي‬ ‫الخطط‬
.
The Obstacles of urban planning
‫معوقات‬
‫العمرانى‬ ‫التخطيط‬

Levels of Urban Planning
1 • National Planning
2 • Regional Planning
3
• City and town Planning

1. National Planning
•
‫القومى‬ ‫المستوى‬ ‫مع‬ ‫التعامل‬
(
‫للدولة‬ ‫التخطيط‬
‫كلها‬
)
•
‫والبيئية‬ ‫واالقتصادية‬ ‫االجتماعية‬ ‫القضايا‬ ‫دراسة‬
.
•
‫االجتماعية‬ ‫الخطط‬ ‫وضع‬
(
‫في‬ ‫السكان‬ ‫توزيع‬
‫والريفية‬ ‫الحضرية‬ ‫المناطق‬
)
‫واالقتصادية‬ ،
(
‫المناطق‬ ‫لمختلف‬ ‫الرئيسية‬ ‫االقتصادية‬ ‫األدوار‬
‫والمدن‬
)
‫التحتية‬ ‫والبنية‬
(
‫المياه‬ ، ‫الطاقة‬ ، ‫الطرق‬
،
...
‫الشبكات‬
)
‫بأكمله‬ ‫للبلد‬ ‫التنمية‬
.
•
‫بأكمله‬ ‫للبلد‬ ‫األراضي‬ ‫استخدام‬ ‫خطة‬ ‫وضع‬
.
•
‫الرئيسي‬ ‫الدليل‬ ‫هو‬ ‫هذا‬
/
‫لمستوى‬ ‫المرشد‬
‫البالد‬ ‫في‬ ‫األخرى‬ ‫الحضري‬ ‫التخطيط‬
(
‫التخطيط‬
‫المدينة‬ ‫وتخطيط‬ ‫اإلقليمي‬
.)
• Dealing with the national level
(Planning for the whole Country).
•Studying Social, economic and
environmental issues.
•Putting plans for Social (population
distribution in urban and rural areas),
economic (main economic roles of
different areas & cities) and
infrastructure )roads, power, water,…
networks) development for the whole
country.
•Putting land use plan for the whole
country.
•It is the main guide for other urban
planning level in the country (regional
planning and city & town planning).

Egypt
National
Map
-
Main
Natural
Regions

Egypt National
Map
-
Land
Development
Availability

Egypt
National
Map
-
Main
National
Projects

Egypt
National
Map
-
Distribution
of New
Cities

Egypt National
Map
-
Main
Land Use
Distribution

2. Regional Planning
•
‫اإلقليمي‬ ‫المستوى‬ ‫مع‬ ‫التعامل‬
(
‫لكل‬ ‫التخطيط‬
‫الدولة‬ ‫في‬ ‫منطقة‬
.)
•
‫ا‬ً‫ق‬‫وف‬ ‫مختلفة‬ ‫داخلية‬ ‫مستويات‬ ‫على‬ ‫الحصول‬
‫البلد‬ ‫في‬ ‫اإلدارة‬ ‫لقسم‬
.
•
‫واالقتصادية‬ ‫االجتماعية‬ ‫القضايا‬ ‫دراسة‬
‫والبيئية‬
.
•
(
‫والريفية‬ ‫الحضرية‬ ‫المناطق‬
)
‫واالقتصادية‬ ،
(
‫المناطق‬ ‫لمختلف‬ ‫الرئيسية‬ ‫االقتصادية‬ ‫األدوار‬
‫والمدن‬
)
‫و‬
•
‫التحتية‬ ‫البنية‬ ‫تطوير‬
(
‫المياه‬ ، ‫الطاقة‬ ، ‫الطرق‬
،
...
‫الشبكات‬
)
‫بأكملها‬ ‫للمنطقة‬
.
•
‫بأكملها‬ ‫للمنطقة‬ ‫األراضي‬ ‫استخدام‬ ‫خطة‬ ‫وضع‬
.
•
‫الحضري‬ ‫التخطيط‬ ‫لمستوى‬ ‫الرئيسي‬ ‫الدليل‬ ‫وهو‬
‫المنطقة‬ ‫في‬
(
‫األصغر‬ ‫اإلقليمية‬ ‫المستويات‬
‫والمدن‬ ‫المدن‬ ‫وتخطيط‬
.)
• Dealing with the regional level (Planning
for each region in the Country).
• Have different internal levels according to
the administration division of the country.
• Studying Social, economic and
• Putting plans for Social (population
distribution in urban and rural areas),
economic (main economic roles of different
areas & cities) and
• infrastructure )roads, power, water,…
region.
•Putting land use plan for the whole region.
•It is the main guide for other urban
planning level in the region (Smaller
regional levels and city & town planning).

‫اسيوط‬ ‫اقليم‬
‫ي‬
‫الكبر‬ ‫ة‬
‫ر‬‫القاه‬
‫ية‬‫ر‬‫االسكند‬ ‫اقليم‬
‫الدلتا‬
‫قناة‬ ‫اقليم‬
‫السويس‬
‫جنوب‬ ‫اقليم‬
‫الصعيد‬
‫الصعيد‬ ‫شمال‬
‫الحمر‬ ‫البحر‬
‫مصر‬‫في‬‫التخطيطة‬‫االقاليم‬
Egypt National
Map
-
Seven
Administrative
Regions
2. Regional Planning

3. City and Town Planning
•
‫المدينة‬ ‫مستوى‬ ‫مع‬ ‫التعامل‬
/
‫المدينة‬
(
‫التخطيط‬
‫المدينة‬ ‫في‬ ‫منطقة‬ ‫لكل‬
.)
•
‫والبيئية‬ ‫واالقتصادية‬ ‫االجتماعية‬ ‫القضايا‬ ‫دراسة‬
.
•
(
‫المطلوبة‬ ‫الخدمات‬ ‫مع‬ ‫واألحياء‬ ‫المناطق‬ ‫مختلف‬
)
‫االقتصادية‬ ‫واألنشطة‬ ،
(
‫االقتصادية‬ ‫األنشطة‬
‫الرئيسية‬
)
‫التحتية‬ ‫والبنية‬
(
، ‫الطاقة‬ ، ‫الطرق‬
، ‫المياه‬
)...
‫بأكملها‬ ‫المدينة‬ ‫لتطوير‬
.
•
‫بأكملها‬ ‫للمدينة‬ ‫األراضي‬ ‫استخدام‬ ‫خطة‬ ‫وضع‬
.
•
‫الحضري‬ ‫التخطيط‬ ‫لمستويات‬ ‫الرئيسي‬ ‫الدليل‬
‫المدينة‬ ‫في‬ ‫األخرى‬
(
‫التفصيلي‬ ‫التخطيط‬
.)
• Dealing with the city/town level
(Planning for each area in the City).
• Studying Social, economic and
• Putting plans for Social (population
distribution in different districts &
neighborhoods with needed services),
economic (main economic activities) and
infrastructure )roads, power, water,…
city.
• Putting land use plan for the whole city.
• It is the main guide for other urban
planning level in the city (Detailed
planning).

3. City and Town Planning
City
Strategic
Plan

Thank You

Introduction to City and Regional Planning Fundamentals

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