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Rajan mahendra entomology
1. RANI LAKSHMI BAI CENTRAL
AGRICULTURL UNIVERSITY
Subject- Insect pests of vegetables, ornamental & spices
crops
TOPIC : INSECT PESTS OF SPICES
Submitted to-
Dr. Usha
Dr. Sunder Pal
Submitted by-
RAJAN MAHENDRA
IDNO. â RLBCAU/008/16
2. INSECT PEST OF CARDAMOM
S. NO. COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC
NAME
ORDER FAMILY
1 Banana aphid Pentalonia
nigronervosa
Hemiptera Aphididae
2 Cardamom thrips Sciothrips
cardamomi
Thysanoptera Thripidae
3 Cardamom whitefly, Kanakarajiella
cardamomi
Hemiptera Aleyrodidae
4 Rhizome weevil Prodioctes
haematicus
Coleoptera Curculionidae
5 Cardamom hairy
caterpillars
Eupterote
cardamomi
Lepidoptera Bombyridae
3. BANANA APHID
SCIENTIFIC NAME - Pentalonia nigronervosa
ORDER- Hemiptera
FAMILY- Aphididae
D.S. â NYMPH & ADULT
N.O.D.-
ī Nymph and adult feed on the sap or suck the sap on the soft portion of the
plant they also acts as a vector of cardamom mosaic( kettle diseases),
Amomum mosaic, foorky diseases of large cardamom.
MANAGEMENT
Spray 875 ml of dimethoate 30 EC in 250 ltr of water/hac at 2 week
Interval.
4. LIFE CYCLE
The reproduction is parthenogenetic
Adult longevity varies from 8-26 days
with an average of 14 days
Each female can lay 8-28 off springs with
an average of 14 per female
Nymphs become mature in 12-15 days
Four nymphal stages.
Several overlapping generations in a year
5. CARDAMOM THRIPS
SCIENTIFIC NAME- Sciothrips cardamomi
ORDER - Thysanoptera
FAMILY- Thripidae
D.S- Nymph and Adult
NATURE OF DAMAGE
ī They cause damage by sucking on the cell sap.
ī They also feed on tender blossom and bunch pod of
cardamom.
ī The attack on the flower stock result in shedding of flower
ī The panicle stalk also become stunted and do not bear
flower.
6. LIFE CYCLE
īThe female lay 5-71 eggs at random on all
the feeding in plant
īYoung nymph emerge from egg in 9-12
days.
ī1st two nymph stage are active and grow by
feeding on the plant sap.
īLife cycle complete in 25-30 days.
MANAGEMENT
Spray 875 ml dimethoate 30 EC or 1 ltr of phenolphos 25
EC in 250 ltr of water/hac
7. RHIZOME WEEVIL
SCIENTIFIC NAME- Prodioctes haematicus
ORDER- Coleoptera
FAMILY-Curculionidae
D.S- Grub and adult
NOD-
The severe tunneling and feeding by grub inside
the rhizome result in the attack of entire clumps
of cardamom plant
8. LIFE CYCLE
īWeevil emerge in large no. in april
īEgg laid in cavities made on rhizome.
īGrubb come out in 8-10 days and bore into
rhizome
īThey pupate within the feeding tunnels for
another 3 weeks.
īAdult weevil live for 7-8 months.
MANAGEMENT
ī Destroy the affected seedling of plant
ī If the population of grub more in the soil drench the base of
the clumb with 1.25 ltr of melathione 50EC or 1.25 kg of
carbryl 50 WP in 625ltr of water/hac
9. CARDAMOM WHITEFLY,
SCIENTIFIC NAME- Kanakarajiella cardamomi
ORDER- Hemiptera
FAMILY- Aleyrodidae
D.S- Nymph and Adult
NATURE OF DAMAGE
īNymph and adult suck the sap from leave cause chlorotic
patches. Heavy infestation cause the development of sooty
mould secrete by the nymph
10. LIFE CYCLE
īThe adult white fly insert the egg into
tissues by a pedicel.
īThere are 4 nymphal instars. And the last
bieng pupae.
īLife cycle completed in 2-3 weeks.
MANAGEMENT
īSpray Acephat 0.075% or neem oil (59%)
11. CARDAMOM HAIRY CATERPILLARS
SCIENTIFIC NAME âEupterote cardamomi
ORDER- Lepidoptera
FAMILY- Bombyridae
D.S- Caterpillar
NATURE OF DAMAGE -
ī Larvae feed on the leave voraciously and defoliate the
cardamom plant causing heavy reduction in the yield.
12. LIFE CYCLE
īThe female moth lay egg about 400-500
undersurface of the leaves
īEach mass contain about 50-160 eggs.
īHatching take place about 15-17 days
īIt pupate in the soil in a silken coccon at
a depth of 5-8cm for 7-8 months
ADULT MOTH
EGG
CATERPILLAR
PUPAE
MANAGEMENT
Spray 500 ml of melathione 50 EC or 500 g of carbryl
50 WP in 250 ltr of water/hac.
13. LARGE CARDAMOM
GRAPE WINE THRIPS
SCIENTIFIC NAME- Rhipiphorothrips cruentatus
ORDER- Thysanoptera
FAMILY- Heliothripidae
D.S- Nymph and adult
HOST- LARGE CARDAMOM
NATURE OF DAMAGE -
īThey feed on the plant by sucking on the soft portion like
leaves, shoot that result ultimately curling up and drop off
the plant.
14. LIFE CYCLE
īAdult lay egg on under surface on the leave
īFemale on average lay 50 eggs with dirty
bean shaped.
īHatch in 3-8 days young nymph develop
and feed undersurface of the leave sucking the
cell sap.
ī In 2-5 days change into adults.
īFemale can reproduce with or without
fertilization
MANAGEMENT
Spary 500 ml of melathione 50 EC in 500 ltr water/hac
15. PEST OF CHILLI
S.NO COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME ORDER FAMILY
1 COTTON WHITE
FLY
Bemescia tabaci Hemiptera Aleyrodidae
2 CHILLI THRIPS Scirtothrips dorsalis Thysanoptera Thripidae
3 WHITE GRUB Holotrichia
consanguinea
Coleoptera Scarbaeidae
16. WHITE GRUB
SCIENTIFIC NAME- Holotrichia consanguinea
ORDER- Coleoptera
FAMILY- Scarbaeidae
D.S- Grub and Adult
HOST- Chilli
NATURE OF DAMAGE-
īGrub feed on the root of the plant and adult feed
on the foalige
17. LIFE CYCLE
īAdult lay egg dept of 10 cm.
īHatch in 7-10 days and their development
complete in 8-10 weeks.
īFull grown larvae migrate into soil for
pupation.
īBettle remain in the soil and come out
forenight for feeding.
MANAGEMENT
īCollection and destruction of adult& spary 500g of carbryl
50 WP or 125ml of phenitothian in 250 ltr of water/hac.
īApply 10 kg of forate 10G or 33 kg of carbofuron 3G/ hac in
soil.
18. POLLU BEETLE
SCIENTIFIC NAME- Longitarsus nigripennis
ORDER- Coleoptera
FAMILY- Chrysomelidae
D.S- Grub and adult
âMONOPHAGOUS PESTâ
NATURE OF DAMAGE-
ī Grub cause damage by boring into th eberries and
rotting the content completely in about 10 days. Each
grub destroy atleast 3-4 berries during larval period
ī The attack berries appear dark crumble when pressed
ī The grub may also eat into the spikes and cause entire
distil region to dry up.
ī Adult feed on the tender leave and make hole in them.
INSECT PEST OF BLACK PEPPER
19. LIFE CYCLE
The adult beetle lays eggs in small shallow depressions made on the
rind of tender pepper berries and lay about 100 eggs
A single grub can destroy 3-4 berries. Hatch in 5-8 days
Fully grown grubs drop to soil, construct oval shaped earthen
cocoons and pupate in them
Total life cycle of the pest is completed in 40-50 days
There are four generation between July and January.
adult emerge after 6-7 days after pupation
Pest is active from July to Jan-Feb but the maximum population
is during November
The high yielding cultivars suffer more heavily.
īTiling the soil at the base of the vine at regular interval can
reduce the population.
īSpray 1.5ltr dimethoate 30 EC or 2 ltr of quinolphos 25 EC in
500 ltrof water/ hac at late july and again on early October.
MANAGEMENT
adult
20. PEPPER SHOOT BORER
SCIENTIFIC NAME- Cydia hemidoxa
ORDER- Lepidoptera
FAMILY- Tortricidae
D.S- Caterpillar
HOST- Black Pepper
NATURE OF DAMAGE -
īLarvae bore into the terminal shoot and feed them
21. LIFE CYCLE
īThe larvae of the crimson and yellow
moth bore into tender terminal shoot and
drying.
īIts attack is severe during august-
september and the total life cycle takes
about a month
MANAGEMENT
īCut and destroy the infected plant or plant part
22. PEST OF GINGER
S.NO COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME ORDER FAMILY
1 SCALE Aspidiotus hartii Hemiptera Disapididae
2 Castor capsule borer Dichocrocis
punctiferalis
lepidoptera Pyralidae
3 Skipper butterfly Udaspes folus Lepidoptera Hesperidae
23. SCALE
SCIENTIFIC NAME- Aspidiuots hartii
ORDER- Hemiptera
FAMILY- Disapididae
D.S- Nymph and adult
HOST- Ginger
NATURE OF DAMAGE-
īThey infest the rhizome in large no. These insect
multiplies in large no on stored zinger rhizome
which shrink and dried.
īRhizome in the field are also attack by this scale
the infected plant look pale and dry up.
24. LIFE CYCLE
īA female lays about 180 eggs under the scale
which hatch within a day.
īNymph develop about 30 days.
īThe male form a pupa before emergence as
the winged adult.
īThe insect multiplies in large no. in stored
ginger.
īRhizome in the attacked by the scale and
infested plant look pale and dry up.
MANAGEMENT
ī750ml of melathione 50EC and or 500ml dimetheaote
in 500ltr of water/hac.
25. CASTOR CAPSULE BORER
SCIENTIFIC NAME- Dichocrocis punctiferalis
ORDER- Lepidoptera
FAMILY- Pyralidae
D.S- Caterpillar
HOST- Ginger
NATURE OF DAMAGE-
īThey feed on the foliage plant
īThey also bore into the arial stem & kill it
Larva
Adult
Damaged leaves and larva presence on the inside
stem
26. LIFE CYCLE
īGravid female lays pale yellowish, oval
flat eggs singly on capsules, inflorescence
(raceme).
īEgg 3-4 days
ī4 instar larvae emerge
īTotal larval period 13 â 16 days
īPupa 9- 10 days
īTotal developmental period-
(Egg-Adult) 30 â 35 days
MANAGEMENT
īCollect and destroy the infested shoots and capsules
ī Spray the crop with carbaryl (0.1%)
27. SKIPPER BUTTERFLY
SCIENTIFIC NAME- Udaspes folus
ORDER- Lepidoptera
FAMILY- Hesperidae
D.S- Caterpillar
HOST- Ginger
NOD-
īLarvae feed on the leaves due to the feeding of the larvae
leave roll
28. LIFE CYCLE
īThe total life cycle was completed in 28 days.
ī The mean larval period was 18 days with 5
instars.
īThere were a pre-pupal stage of one day and
the mean pupal period lasted for 8 days.
ī The average adult longevity in the case of
male was 4 days and female 8 days.
ī There were several generations in a year.
īThe butterfly displayed pupal diapause during
winter, i.e. from November-December up to
March.
MANAGEMENT-
īCollect and destroy the butterfly with help of aerial net.
Any Spary 500 ml of melathione 50 EC in 500 ltr water/hac
29.
30. PEST OF CORAINDER
COTTON APHID
SCIENTIFIC NAME- Hyadaphis coriandri
ORDER- Hemiptera
FAMILY- Aphididae
D.S- Nymph And Adult
HOST- Corainder
NATURE OF DAMAGE
īThey infest shoot and inflorensce and suck
the juice of the plant
31. īâĸ Host alternating aphid â Overwinters in egg stage on
Lonicera spp. â Moves to Umbelliferae in the spring and
summer
īâĸ In the spring, there are parthenogenic females â
Winged and wingless forms
īâĸ In the fall, winged males and winged parthenogenic
females are produced
ī These winged parthenogenic females produce egg
laying females that will mate with the winged males â
Eggs will overwinter until spring
MANAGEMENT
ī500 ml of melathione 50EC or 250 ml phosphamidan 100EC in
250 ltr of water/hac or 500gm carbryl 50WP
32. PEST OF CINNAMON
CINNAMON BUTEERFLY
SCIENTIFIC NAME- Chilasia clytia
ORDER- Lepidoptera
FAMILY- Papilionidae
D.S- Caterpillar
HOST - A number of wild species of cinnamon and other forest trees.
NATURE OF DAMAGE -
īAfter hatching young larvae starting feeding on the lamina of the freshly
emerged leaves.
īLater instar feed voraciously on the tender leave on the midrib with
portion of wing
īIn severe cases they completely defoliate the plant that result the
adversely affected the growth of the plant.
33. LIFE CYCLE
Eggs hatch in 3-5 days
The larva moults five times
Larval period is 12-18 days
Pupal period is completed in 11-13
days.
Adults live for 3-5 days
Total life cycle is completed in 24-36
days.
MANAGEMENT
īCollect and destroy butterfly .
īAny contact insectcides â carbaryl 50WP , fipronil
34. CINNAMON LEAF MINOR
SCIENTIFIC NAME- Phyllocnistis chrysophthalina
ORDER- Lepidoptera
FAMILY- Phyllocnistidae
D.S- Caterpillar
HOST- Cinnamon
NATURE OF DAMAGE -
īLarvae make mine in the growing part of the in
severe cases they completely defoliate the plant
35. LIFE CYCLE
īEach female deposits about 50-130 eggs,
placing them on the very young leaves and the
youngest twigs
ī. The emerging larvae enter the leaves and
burrow therein, forming uneven mines , where
pupation takes place.
īIt have 4 larvae out of these 3 larave feed and
4th is spinning larvae which not feed.
īCompleting several generations in a year. It has
no diapause.
MANAGEMENT
īInfected leave remove and destroy.
īCollect the adult and destroy.
36. INSECT PEST OF TURMERIC
COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME ORDER FAMILY
1 SKIPPER
BUTTERFLY
Udaspes folus Lepidoptera Hesperidae
2 CASTOR SHOOT
BORER
Dichocrocis
punctiferalis
Lepidoptera Pyralidae
3 BIHAR HAIRY
CATERPILLAR
Spilarctia obliqua Lepidoptera Arctiidae
37. BIHAR HAIRY CATERPILLAR
SCIENTIFIC NAME- Spilarctia obliqua
ORDER- lepidoptera
FAMILY - Arctiidae
D.S- Caterpillar
HOST- Turmeric
NATURE OF DAMAGE-
īCaterpillar eat leaf and soft portion of stem and
branches in severe infestation. They completely
defoliate the plant.
38. LIFE CYCLE
īFemale lay 410-1240 in clusters on
underside of leaves.
īThe eggs hatch in 8-13 days
ī Larval development is completed in 4-8
weeks
ī Passing through seven stages
ī Pupal stage last for 1-2 weeks
ī Moths live for about a week
ī Total life cycle is completed in 6-12
weeks
ī 3-4 generations in a year.
EGG
LARVAE
PUPAE
ADULT
MANAGEMENT
īYoung caterpillar can be collect by destroying the infested
crop with melathione 5% @ 250 kg/hac.
īCollect and destroy the egg patches before hatching
īSpray quinolphos 25EC or spray dichlorophos 76EC in 500ltr
of wtaer/hac