Recommended
More Related Content
What's hot
What's hot (16)
Similar to #African American Food Impact by Raaw'el Ware
Similar to #African American Food Impact by Raaw'el Ware (20)
Recently uploaded
Recently uploaded (20)
#African American Food Impact by Raaw'el Ware
- 1. Return to Your Roots Soul Foods, African American in Disadvantage Families & the Impact on Health WareL-PSY 5303- Behavior Nutrition 2018
- 2. Introduction: * African American are more likely to die at an early age * The foods consumed are posing adverse consequences * There is an urgent need for education & intervention
- 3. The Diaspora of Africans in America Essential Background
- 4. The life of a slave in America: Impact and Influence Slaves Labored in fields under extreme conditions Slaves prepared meals for white families but often were fed scraps but used what they had to fortify their bodies Slave continued to practice what was forced on them or what they adopted to survive For generations these diets were instilled, memorialized and are currently practiced
- 5. Soul & Soul Food Fried Chicken Barbeque Ribs Collar Greens with Ham Hocks Sweet potatoes pie Baked Macaroni and Cheese
- 6. Timeline of African people & the contributions to a better life • 1873: Black Physician Daniel Hale Williams performs the world's first successful open-heart surgery. • 1911 Sarah Breedlove MacWilliams, (Madam C. J. Walker) starts an African American hair-care business -becomes America's first self-made woman millionaire. • 1963: Martin Luther King Jr. Delivers "I Have a Dream" in Washington, D.C. • 1968: Shirley Chisholm - first African-American woman to serve in the U.S. Congress. • Sept 1992: Mae Jemison became the first African-American woman to go into space. • February 27, 2003: Oprah Winfrey first black female billionaire
- 7. ◆◆63 percent of black children— 6.2 million—live in low-income families ◆◆61 percent of Hispanic children—10.8 million—live in low-income families ◆◆61 percent of American Indian children—0.3million—live in low- income families ◆◆30 percent of white children— 11.0 million—live in low-income families ◆◆29 percent of Asian children— 1.0 million—live in low-income families ◆◆39 percent of children of some other race—1.4 million—live in low-income families Black, American Indian, and Hispanic children are disproportionately low income and poor
- 8. Nutritional Value of Common Traditional Foods Baked Macaroni and Cheese Green with Ham Hocks, Chitterling Kool Aid
- 9. Challenges of Obesity in African Americans
- 10. When African American Strive to Choose Differently than Soul Food: Cultural Backlash
- 11. Teach new ways to purchase & prepare traditional food
- 12. Inculcate : Teach the children to prepare foods and eat differently Start new traditions and start young https://www.youtube.com /watch?v=WuVVpY03RCY
- 13. Use Fun and Simple Educational Tools https://www.fns.usda.gov/tn/myplate https://youtu.be/D53X QaQvNJs
- 14. Participate: African Americans Collectivism: Picture Health https://youtu.be/WuVVpY03RCY
- 15. Summary
- 16. References African American Health. (2017). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved 3 May 2018, from https://www.cdc.gov/vitalsigns/aahealth/index.html Airhihenbuwa, C .O., & Kumanyika, S. (1996, September). Cultural aspects of African-American eating patterns. Ethnicity & Health, 1(3), 245. Retrieved December 1, 2007, from Academic Search Premier database. Association, A. (2012). Heart Disease in African American Women - Go Red for Women. Go Red For Women®. Retrieved 7 May 2018, from https://www.goredforwomen.org/about-heart- disease/facts_about_heart_disease_in_women-sub-category/african-american-women/ Belle, G. (2009). Can the African-American diet be made healthier without giving up culture. Retrieved from York Community College: https://www. york. cuny. edu/academics/writing‐program/the‐york‐scholar‐1, 5. Choose MyPlate. (2018). Choose MyPlate. Retrieved 4 May 2018, from https://www.choosemyplate.gov/ Di Noia, J., Furst, G., Park, K.,& Byrd-Bredbenner, C. (2013). Designing culturally sensitive dietary interventions for African Americans: review and recommendations. Nutrition reviews, 71(4), 224-238. Harrison, J. (2009). LibGuides: African American Studies Research Guide: Milestones in Black History. Jiang, Y., Granja, M.R.,&Koball, H. (2017). Basic Facts about Low-Income Children: Children under 18 Years, 2015. New York: National Center for Children in Poverty, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health. Klyosov, A. A. (2014). Reconsideration of the “Out of Africa” Concept as Not Having Enough Proof. Advances in Anthropology, 4(01), 18. Letsmove.obamawhitehouse.archives.gov. Retrieved 4 May 2018, from https://letsmove.obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/about Morgan, P. D. (2013). The cultural implications of the Atlantic slave trade: African regional origins, American destinations and new world developments. In Routes to Slavery (pp. 128-151). Routledge. Opie, F. D. (2010). Hog and hominy: Soul food from Africa to America. Columbia University Press. Parker, A. G.,&Grinter, R. E. (2014). Collectivistic health promotion tools: Accounting for the relationship between culture, food and nutrition. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 72(2), 185-206. Russell, Lacey White (2018). Facebook.com. Retrieved 5 May 2018, from https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=10211100880702973&set=a.4995253484181.194970.1385017497&type=3 &theater END
Editor's Notes
- Return to Your Roots NOTE: The narrated voice will be the audio-speaker on the left at the top. Background culturally relevant music will be at the bottom. The volume of either can be adjusted but it only records and saves at one level. Lastly, if background music is not preferred it can be muted.
- According to the Center of Disease Control and Prevention, African American are more likely to die from every cause: heart disease, cancer, stroke, injuries etc., than any other ethnic group (African American Health 2017. Retrieved 3 May 2018, from https://www.cdc.gov/vitalsigns/aahealth/index.html). Why? Dietary components are the leading contributions to the health disparities and disease that African American families face. Cultural, ethnic, and religious beliefs have a significant influence on sustenance decisions. In addition, accessing food that meet preferences is limited whereas contrasting foods are marketed to African Americans and are more available in the convenient stores in their neighborhoods.
- The Diaspora of Africans in America : Essential Background African Americans history started much before their life in the Western World. Around the mid-1980's paleoanthropologists like Günter Bräuer in Germany and Chris Stringer in the U.K. begin the theory of "Out of Africa". Discoveries held that the earliest fossils with the resemblance to members of our species came from southern and eastern African regions (Klyosov, A. A., 2014). Previous interpretations suggested that there may have been multi-regional origins, however, the consequence of a "single African origin" revealed DNA examinations supporting conclusions in light of proteins, that there can be little uncertainty that mankind began in Africa (Klyosov, A. A., 2014, p. 18). Thus, the African's who were brought to North America via slave ships have their origins in Africa.
- Morgan, P. D. (2013) acknowledges that The African Diaspora has been defined by the noted historian Joseph Harris as the voluntary and involuntary dispersion of Africans globally throughout history; the emergence of a cultural identity based on origin and social condition; and the psychological and physical return of those in the Diaspora to Africa (Morgan, P. D. 2013 p,128-151). Present day people of African descent whose ancestors were enslaved in America via the Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade for the period of 1600s to 1900s, have held tightly to some traditions and customs that were once forced on their earlier families or adopted to survive. One such grip is the African slave diet often known today as “soul food”.
- James, D. (2004) notes that traditional African American dishes are referred to as soul food because “the foods of the ancestors nourish the body, nurture the spirit, and comfort the soul” (James, D 2004. p. 349-367). In his book Hog and Hormony: From Africa to America, Fredrick Douglass Opie (2010) explains that the concept of “soul’ has social and religions meaning as it relates to African Americas. Opie argues, soul is an amalgamation of West African societies, & cultures as well as an adaptation to conditions of slavery and freedom in the Americas (Opie, F. D. 2010).
- Great strides have been made by African Americans to demonstrate that black people are more than slaves, more than three fifths of a person, and more than just the color of their skin. The following notable facts are borrowed from the LibGuides: African American Studies Research Guide: Milestones in Black History: 1873 – Black Physician Daniel Hale Williams performs the world's first successful open-heart surgery. Around 1911 Sarah Breedlove MacWilliams, (Madam C. J. Walker) starts an African American hair-care business -becomes America's first self-made woman millionaire. August 28, 1963: Martin Luther King Jr. Delivers "I Have a Dream" in Washington, D.C. In 1968, Shirley Chisholm - first African-American woman to serve in the U.S. Congress. September 12, 1992, Mae Jemison became the first African-American woman to go into space. Feburay 27, 2003 – Oprah Winfrey first black female billionair (Harrison, J. 2009). In spite of massive activism, advocacy, determination, and prayers, 63% of African American are disadvantaged and remain the most vulnerable ethnic group in America.
- National Center for Children in Poverty basic facts about low-Income children revealed the following: Black American, Indian, and Hispanic children are disproportionately low income and poor . 63 percent of black children—6.2 million—live in low-income families ◆◆61 percent of Hispanic children—10.8 million—live in low-income families ◆◆61 percent of American Indian children—0.3million—live in low-income families ◆◆30 percent of white children—11.0 million—live in low-income families ◆◆29 percent of Asian children—1.0 million—live in low-income families ◆◆39 percent of children of some other race—1.4 million—live in low-income families Jiang, Y., Granja, M.R.,&Koball, H. (2017).
- Often those in poverty have less finances to purchase nutritious and health fresh foods but tend to over eat the unhealthy lease expensive foods unaware of the correlation of food and health disparities. Belle, G. (2009) writes that much of the foods Black Americans consume today are influenced by the dominant Western culture whose diet consists less of vegetable but more of high fat, salt, and meat (Belle, G. 2009). In the African community both ordinary occasions like Sunday dinners and celebrations are met with greens with ham hocks, sweet potato pies, deep dishes of baked macaroni and cheese, and other sweet, salty, or meaty foods often in large portions which lead to a problematic development of obesity, high blood pressure, diabetes, and heart disease.
- Heart Disease in African American Women - Go Red for Women campaign (2012) sponsored by America Heart Associating revealed “Cardiovascular diseases kill nearly 50,000 African-American women annually; of African-American women ages 20 and older, 49 percent have heart diseases; Only 1 in 5 African-American women believes she is personally at risk (Retrieved 7 May 2018, from https://www.goredforwomen.org/about-heart-disease/facts_about_heart_disease_in_women-sub-category/african-american-women/). Di Noia, J.,& Byrd-Bredbenner, C. (2013) noted that adolescent fruit and vegetable intake were influence by family support where as in many Africa American homes fruits and vegetables are rarely served and those who choose to request and eat healthier foods were often ridicule (Di Noia, J.,& Byrd-Bredbenner, C. 2013. 113(6), 803-808).
- {Block Quote} Di Noia et al. study showed that African Americans associate particular foods, cooking techniques, and flavorings with being African American, and the extent to which they view certain practices as more typically African American is related to the perceived importance and frequency of enactment of such practices. There is also evidence that traditional foods have connotative meanings related to preserving or passing on family traditions, providing a sense of familiarity and comfort, and enabling expressions of caring and respect (Di Noia, J., Furst, G., Park, K.,&Byrd-Bredbenner, C. 2013). James (2004) agrees in his study that showed a general perception that eating healthy meant giving up part of their cultural heritage; there was lack of support, no sense of urgency, and there seem to be belief that healthy food was expensive and did not taste good (p 349-367). Lacey White Russell (personal communication November 2016) shared a Facebook post “rant” that clearly demonstrates this perception where as she clarifies that slave food was meant to sustain black people at that time but she presses forward and chooses a vegan lifestyle (Russell, Lacey White (2018). Facebook.com. Retrieved 5 May 2018, from https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=10211100880702973&set=a.4995253484181.194970.1385017497&type=3&theater)
- Belle, G (2009) cited Airhihenbuwa, C .O.,& Kumanyika, S. (1996), stating that Making healthy foods less expensive would also encourage healthier eating habits among African-Americans. Many supermarkets in predominantly Black neighborhoods rarely carry a large selection of healthy foods, and when they do carry them, the prices are more than the average person can afford (Belle, G. 2009; Airhihenbuwa, C .O.,& Kumanyika, S. 1996, September p. 245). Helping African Americans to understand how to shop for healthier over cheaper foods, clip coupons, and read labels could be of significant value when it comes to health outcomes. Developing culturally sensitive nutritional programs and initiatives that empower African American to understand and create a simple budget and visit food pantries when available can lead to positive outcomes..
- Studies have suggested that teaching African American families how to prepare the traditional foods they love in healthier ways could be helpful. Belle, G. (2004) offered inculcating healthier eating habits in a myriad of ways such as offering recipes and cooking classes that teach families to use smoke turkey instead of fat back and encouraging them to use seasonings with less sodium and MSG together with other herbs, roots, and vitamin rich plant based foods. Let’s take a quick look at a 3 minute video where kids are learning about the importance's of eating and cooking healthier. Notice the ingredients used from each child and where they got their inspiration- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WuVVpY03RCY. These types of learning experiences honor diversity, encourage trying new healthy dishes with ingredients they are familiar with, and are family and community centered.
- The United States Department of Agriculture offers the MyPlay program which reminds families to choose healthier foods. It encourages families to focus on variety, pay attention to amounts, and recognize nutrition while choosing foods with less saturated fats, sodium and sugar (Choose MyPlate. Retrieved 4 May 2018, from https://www.choosemyplate.gov/). In addition First Lady Michelle Obama proposed the “Let’s Move” initiative which “is dedicated to solving the challenge of childhood obesity within a generation, so that children born today will grow up healthier and able to pursue their dreams.” (America's Move to Raise A Healthier Generation of Kids | Let's Move!. 2018). https://youtu.be/D53XQaQvNJs https://www.fns.usda.gov/tn/myplate
- Studies have demonstrated also that individuals of African descent work in a collective way. Parker, A. G.,& Grinter, R. E. (2014) points out that collectivistic frameworks are those in which the essential objective is helping clients cooperate to profit the benefit of all. Regarding their research study the writers proposed that designing for collectivism and outlining for groups is diverse in that collectivistic frameworks can be acknowledged by concentrating on social arrangements other than the group and focusing on a feeling of mutual obligation regarding the needs and expectations of that group – i.e. ownership (Parker, A. G.,&Grinter, R. E., 2014).
- Summary African Americans are perishing at younger ages for diet related illnesses. More effective culturally sensitive behavior services are needed in addition to more helpful research studies. Understanding the complexities of African Americans and their relationship with food is essential. Few examinations have concentrated on how culture impacts dietary patterns, in spite of the fact that exploration has continually demonstrated that it is basic to represent people's social foundation when planning intercession that energizes adhering to a good diet (Di Noia, J., Furst, G., Park, K.,& Byrd-Bredbenner, C. 2013, p. 224-238). Finding culturally creative ways to address diet and disease for African Americans is a key in the 21st century.
- References ~African American Health. (2017). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved 3 May 2018, from https://www.cdc.gov/vitalsigns/aahealth/index.html ~Airhihenbuwa, C .O.,&Kumanyika, S. (1996, September). Cultural aspects of African-American eating patterns. Ethnicity&Health, 1(3), 245. Retrieved December 1, 2007, from Academic Search Premier database. ~ America's Move to Raise A Healthier Generation of Kids | Let's Move!. (2018). Letsmove.obamawhitehouse.archives.gov. Retrieved 4 May 2018, from https://letsmove.obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/about ~ Association, A. (2012). Heart Disease in African American Women - Go Red for Women. Go Red For Women®. Retrieved 7 May 2018, from https://www.goredforwomen.org/about-heart-disease/facts_about_heart_disease_in_women-sub-category/african-american-women/ ~Belle, G. (2009). Can the African-American diet be made healthier without giving up culture. Retrieved from York Community College: https://www. york. cuny. edu/academics/writing‐program/the‐york‐scholar‐1, 5. ~Choose MyPlate. (2018). Choose MyPlate. Retrieved 4 May 2018, from https://www.choosemyplate.gov/ ~Di Noia, J.,&Byrd-Bredbenner, C. (2013). Adolescent fruit and vegetable intake: influence of family support and moderation by home availability of relationships with afrocentric values and taste preferences. Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, 113(6), 803-808. ~Di Noia, J., Furst, G., Park, K.,&Byrd-Bredbenner, C. (2013). Designing culturally sensitive dietary interventions for African Americans: review and recommendations. Nutrition reviews, 71(4), 224-238. ~Harrison, J. (2009). LibGuides: African American Studies Research Guide: Milestones in Black History. ~ James, D. (2004). Factors influencing food choices, dietary intake, and nutrition-related attitudes among African Americans: application of a culturally sensitive model. Ethnicity and Health, 9(4), 349-367. ~Jiang, Y., Granja, M.R.,& Koball, H. (2017). Basic Facts about Low-Income Children: Children under 18 Years, 2015. New York: National Center for Children in Poverty, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health. ~Klyosov, A. A. (2014). Reconsideration of the “Out of Africa” Concept as Not Having Enough Proof. Advances in Anthropology, 4(01), 18. ~Letsmove.obamawhitehouse.archives.gov. Retrieved 4 May 2018, from https://letsmove.obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/about ~Morgan, P. D. (2013). The cultural implications of the Atlantic slave trade: African regional origins, American destinations and new world developments. In Routes to Slavery (pp. 128-151). Routledge. ~Opie, F. D. (2010). Hog and hominy: Soul food from Africa to America. Columbia University Press. ~Parker, A. G.,&Grinter, R. E. (2014). Collectivistic health promotion tools: Accounting for the relationship between culture, food and nutrition. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 72(2), 185-206. ~Russell, Lacey White (2018). Facebook.com. Retrieved 5 May 2018, from https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=10211100880702973&set=a.4995253484181.194970.1385017497&type=3&theater