More Related Content Similar to Levels of Sociological Analysis|Social Structure|Macrosociology (20) More from Qasim Mahmood Khalid (9) Levels of Sociological Analysis|Social Structure|Macrosociology1. Social Structure and Social Interaction
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008 1
Chapter Overview
Levels of Sociological Analysis
The Macro sociological Perspective: Social
Structure
The Micro sociological Perspective: Social
Interaction in Everyday Life
The Need for Both Macrosociology and
Microsociology
2. Social Structure and Social Interaction
• Macrosociology
–Large-Scale Features of Social Life
• Microsociology
–Focus on Social Interaction
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008
2
Levels of Sociological
Analysis
3. Social Structure and Social Interaction
• Sociological Significance of Social
Structure
– Guides Our Behavior
– Behavior Decided by Location in Social
Structure
• Culture
– Group’s Language, Beliefs, Values,
Behaviors, Gestures
– Material Objects
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008
3
The Macrosociological
Perspective: Social Structure
4. Social Structure and Social Interaction
• Need to Understand Social Locations
People Hold in Life
• Social Class Divides People by…
– Income
– Education
– Occupational Prestige
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008
4
The Macrosociological
Perspective
Microsoft
Imagec
5. Social Structure and Social Interaction
• Social Status
– Ascribed
– College graduate
– Achieved
– White female
– Status Symbols
– Wedding band
– Master Status
– Female astronaut
– Status Inconsistency
– College Grad living in poverty
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008
5
Social Status
MicrosoftImage
6. Social Structure and Social Interaction
• Roles - Behaviors, Obligations, Privileges
Attached to a Status
• Status vs. Role
– You Occupy a Status
– You Play a Role
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008
6
The Macrosociological
Perspective
7. Social Structure and Social Interaction
• Groups - People Who Regularly and
Consciously Interact
• Social Institutions - Means Developed by
Societies to Meet Basic Needs
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008
7
Groups & Social
Institutions
10. Social Structure and Social Interaction
Comparing Functionalist and
Conflict Perspectives
• Functionalist
• No society is without social institutions
• Every society must meet its basic needs
– 5 Basic Needs
• Replacing Members
• Socializing New Members
• Producing and distributing goods & services
• Preserving Order
• Providing a Sense of Purpose
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008
10
11. Social Structure and Social Interaction
Comparing Functionalist and
Conflict Perspectives
• Conflict Perspective
• No society is without social institutions
• Powerful Groups control society’s
institutions
– Social institutions have a single purpose –
preserve the social order
– Preserve the wealth and powerful in their
privileged position
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008
11
12. Social Structure and Social Interaction
• Society - People Who Share and Culture
and Territory
• Society Evolved Through Stages:
– Hunting and Gathering
– Pastoral and Horticultural
– Agricultural
– Industrial
– Post-Industrial
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008
12
Societies and Their
Transformations
MicrosoftImage
15. Social Structure and Social Interaction
• Mechanical Solidarity
• Organic Solidarity
(Emile Durkheim)
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008
15
What Holds Society
Together?
MicrosoftImage
16. Social Structure and Social InteractionCopyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008
16
Microsociological
Perspective:
Social Interaction in
Everyday Life
17. Social Structure and Social Interaction
• Stereotypes
• Stigmatization
• Looking Glass Theory
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008
17
Social Interaction
in Everyday Life
MicrosoftImage
19. Social Structure and Social Interaction
• Stereotypes
• Personal Space
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008
19
Intimate
Personal
Social
Public
Social Interaction
in Everyday Life
20. Social Structure and Social Interaction
• Erving Goffman
– Dramaturgy
– Impression Management
– Front and Back Stages
– Role Conflict
– Role Strain Between and Within Roles
– Teamwork and Face-Saving Behavior
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008
20
Dramaturgy:
The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life
MicrosoftImage
22. Social Structure and Social Interaction
• The Study of How People Do
Things
• Background Assumptions
• Harold Garfinkle’s Experiments
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008
22
Ethnomethodology:
Uncovering Background Assumptions
MicrosoftImage
23. Social Structure and Social Interaction
• Definition of the Situation –
• Objective Reality vs. Subjective
Interpretation
• Social Interaction on the Internet
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008
23
Social Construction
of Reality