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1. NATURALISM
BY RASHMI KHADKA

2. INTRODUCTION TO NATURALISM
• Definition: Naturalism is a literary movement that emphasizes the real
world as it is, without any idealistic or fictitious elements.
• Time period: late 19th to early 20th century
• Key features: focus on ordinary characters, objective narration, and an
emphasis on the forces of nature the individual will.

3. HISTORICAL CONTEXT
• Originated as a response to the industrialization and urbanization of
America
• Scientific advancements, such as Darwin’s theory of evolution,
influenced the movement
• The movement was also influenced by the harsh realities of poverty,
disease, and social injustice during the time period.

4. THE ROLE OF NATURE IN NATURALISM
• Nature is a powerful force that controls human behavior and
experiences
• Naturalism emphasizes the deterministic belief that individuals are
shaped by their environment and their heredity, not their free will
• Characters often struggle against nature, such as natural disasters or
oppressive weather conditions

5. KEY AUTHORS OF NATURALISM
• Stephen CraneThe Open Boat,” “Maggie: A Girl of the Streets”
• Jack London: “The Call of the Wild,” “White Fang”
• Theodore Dreiser: “Sister Carrie,” “An American Tragedy”
• Frank Norris: “McTeague,” “The Octopus”
• Edith Wharton: “The House Mirth,” “Ethan Frome”

6. LEGACY OF NATURALISM
• Naturalism paved the way for realistic literature modernist writers such
as Hemway
• Naturalism also emphasized the idea that societal and environmental
factors can heavily influence a person's life and experiences, an idea that
continues to be explored in contemporary literature and social sciences.

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