The word "community" is derived from Latin and has been used in the English language since the 14th century. The word community is derived from the Latin communitas (meaning the same), which is in turn derived from communis, which means "common, public, shared by all or many" (encyclopedia). A community is a small or large social unit (a group of living things) who have something in common, such as norms, religion, values, or identity. Communities often share a sense of place that is situated in a given geographical area (e.g. a country, village, town, or neighborhood) or in virtual space through communication platforms.It is a social group sharing an environment, normally with shared interests. In human communities, intent, belief, resources, preferences, needs, risks and a number of other conditions may be present and common, affecting the identity of the participants and their degree of cohesiveness. Human beings, like many other species, are essentially social beings, and naturally form communities which often develop into more structured societies.

1. Conceptof community
1. Introduction
The word "community" is derived from Latin and has been used in the English language
since the 14th century. The word community is derived from the
Latin communitas (meaning the same), which is in turn derived from communis, which
means "common, public, shared by all or many" (encyclopedia).
A community is a small or large social unit (a group of living things) who have something
in common, such as norms, religion, values, or identity. Communities often share a sense
of place that is situated in a given geographical area (e.g. a country, village, town, or
neighborhood) or in virtual space through communication platforms.It is a social group
sharing an environment, normally with shared interests. In human communities,
intent, belief, resources, preferences, needs, risks and a number of other conditions may be
present and common, affecting the identity of the participants and their degree of
cohesiveness. Human beings, like many other species, are essentially social beings, and
naturally form communities which often develop into more structured societies.

2. It can be defined by a group of people living in the same place or having a particular
characteristic in common. It is a group of people who share the same things, such as: where
they live, work and play. It is also a place where people solve problems together. A
community could be characterized by age group, ethnicity, gender, religion, location or
profession
2. Objectives
The aims of the project are perused in this paper are listed below:
 To know the concept of community, ethnic community, occupational community
and higher and lower community.
 To know the role of community in Disaster Management.
 To gather knowledge about The significance of ethnic community in Disaster
Management
3. Materials and Methodology
Methodology is one of the most important parts of any investigation. It means the way or
manner by which the study is accomplished, which refers to the full outcome of the process
at a glance. A proper methodology is always necessary for any paper, which helps to
organize experiences, observations, examinations, analysis of data and information and
their logical expression in a systematic process to achieve the ultimate goals and objectives
of the paper. This paper is made up by collecting secondary data. Data has been collected
from various journal, scientific magazines, books and websites. The whole process is
shown below in a flow chart.
Secondary Data Collection From Different Sources
Secondary Data Input

3. Secondary Data Processing and Analysis
Final Output
Fig-1: Methodology Chart.
4. Types of community
A number of ways to categorize types of community have been proposed. One such
breakdown is as follows:
1. Location-based Communities: range from the
local neighborhood, suburb, village, town or city, region, nation or even the planet
as a whole. These are also called communities of place.
2. Identity-based Communities: range from the local clique, sub-culture, ethnic
group, religious, multicultural or pluralistic civilization, or the global community
cultures of today. They may be included as communities of need or identity, such
as disabled persons or elderly people.
3. Organizationally based Communities: range from communities organized
informally around family or network-based guilds and associations to more
formal incorporated associations, political decision making structures, economic
enterprises, or professional associations at a small, national or international scale.
Communities are nested; one community can contain another—for example a geographic
community may contain a number of ethnic communities.
5. Why we need community in disastermanagement
Role of community in disaster management is very important. They are given below:

4.  As it is the community which is going to face the disaster, it is very important that
community should be part of the complete disaster management process in all three
phases- pre, during, post.
 Community knows itself, its environment better. Many times, senior citizens are
aware of incidences that have happened in the past, which others may not be aware
of. One just needs to make community aware, and provide necessary inputs to
identify hazards and risks.
 When community is involved in DM planning process, it does not become
responsibility of only govt, or any external agency. Community accepts it as their
own responsibility and this feeling in community makes the process, response easier.
 Also in case of any disaster, community itself acts as a first responder before the
external help reaches to victims. So if the capacity building of community is done,
community will be ready to face disaster and it will reduce the work load on
external agencies coming to help.
 Community’s role can be in all three phases- training, plan, early warning,
communication, shelter, search and rescue, food arrangements etc. can be planned
better with help of youths, women etc from the community.
6. Ethnic Community
The term ethnic is derived from the Greek word “ethnos” (more precisely, from the
adjective “ethnikos”). An ethnic group is a distinct category of the population in a larger
society whose culture is usually different from its own. The members of such a group are,
or feel themselves, or are thought to be, bound together by common ties of race or
nationality or culture. An ethnic community, or an ethnicity, is a category of people
who identify with each other based on similarities such as

5. common ancestry, language, society, Culture or nation. Ethnicity is usually an inherited
status based on the society in which one lives. Membership of an ethnic community tends
to be defined by a shared cultural heritage, ancestry, origin
myth, history, homeland, language or dialect, symbolic systems such
as religion, mythology and ritual, cuisine, dressing style, art, and physical appearance.
Some common bonds that unify ethnic community include: Language, religion, folkways
and mores, styles of dress, foods, occupational specialization, social values, and aesthetic
standards.
6.1 The significance of ethnic community in DisasterManagement
Ethnic community can give us some opportunity in Disaster Management. Ethnic
community can consider the behaviors of communities and individuals when subjecting to
disastrous situations along with the underline cultural aspects of them. The significance of
ethnic community in Disaster Management are given below:
With the help of ethnic community we can know their language, culture and other activities
which helps in Disaster Management.
 Language: language helps to express ideas and enables
communication with others which is effective in Disaster
Management.
 Values: Values help us to evaluate people, objects and event in
Disaster Management.

6. Their adaptation power in the phase of disaster is different from other community. By
knowing their adaption measure we can improve our survival power in disastrous event. By
the generation to generation, they follow their indigenous knowledge for disaster
management. They can guess the impact of disaster by their indigenous knowledge and take
the measure for reducing the damage of property and life. For example, the Moken
community in Thailand identified the signs such as unusual behavior of animals, birds and
low tide as indications for a Tsunami from their traditional stories. Thus this community
moved away from the sea towards protective areas (Arunotai, 2008).
Due to the generational transformation of cultural components such as knowledge, beliefs,
values and norms, society’s values are preserved for the future that provide guidance to
survive in Disaster Management
7. OccupationalCommunity
Occupational communities represent bounded work cultures populated by people who share
similar identities and values that transcendent specific organizational settings. An
occupational community as a group of people who consider themselves to be engaged in
the same sort of work, whose identity is drawn from their work; who share with one
another a set of values, norms, and perspectives that apply but extend beyond work related
matters, and whose social relationships meld work and leisure. Occupational communities
create and sustain relatively unique work cultures consisting of, among other things, task
rituals, standards for proper and improper behavior, work codes surrounding relatively
routine practices, and compelling accounts attesting to the logic and value of these rituals,
standards, and codes. They suggest that the quest for occupational self-control provides the
special motive for the development of occupational communities.

7. 8. Higher and lower community
The higher class community is often made up of highly educated business and professional
people with high incomes, such as doctors, lawyers, stockbrokers, and CEOs. They live in
exclusive neighborhoods, gather at expensive social clubs, and send their children to the
finest schools. As might be expected, they also exercise a great deal of influence and power
both nationally and globally.
The lower class community is typified by poverty, homelessness, and unemployment.
People of this class, few of whom have finished high school, suffer from lack of medical
care, adequate housing and food, decent clothing, safety, and vocational training. The
media often stigmatize the lower class as “the underclass,” inaccurately characterizing poor
people as welfare mothers who abuse the system by having more and more babies, welfare
fathers who are able to work but do not, drug abusers, criminals, and societal “trash.”
9. Conclusion
Community members play a vital role in reducing the impact of a disaster. People at this
level are often the most vulnerable to disaster and experience the greatest impacts for
various reasons. Yet they are not passive victims. With knowledge of the local geology, the
hazard context, and the livelihoods options available, local communities must be involved
in disaster management programmes from the start, and supported by projects to develop
the capacities and linkages that help overcome.

8. References
Arunotai, N., 2008, ‘Saved by an old legend and a keen observation: The case of Moken
sea nomads in Thailand’, in R. Shaw, N. Uy, & J. Baumwoll (eds.), Indigenous knowledge
for disaster risk reduction: Good practices and lessons learnt from the Asia-Pacific region,
pp. 73-78, UNISDR Asia and Pacific, Bangkok.