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Landlord Tenant Laws And Tenants Essay
Landlord–Tenant Law
The legal rights and responsibilities of the tenant and landlord.
When it comes to legal rights and responsibilities to landlords and tenants it can be very hard and convolutive.The landlord and tenants rights and
responsibilities are usually written on the creation of the lease.It remains in place regardless ofif covered in the lease or rental agreement. Landlords
have innumerable rights, including their rights to choose who will live in their rental properties and set lease terms. Many landlords would like to
avoid legal disputes because it becomes confusing with the tenant.
Landlord 's rights
The landlord has many rights and obligations they have to go by. Some would be Setting up a rent amount, garner the correct amount of rent from
tenant that's due, collect any changes associated with the property, Landlords have the rights to evict the tenant from the home during the first few
months of residence without probable cause or later on during the stage of tenancy, landlords have the right to know who is living in the home with
tenant not including visitors,they have the rights to know about any mends needed, and give reason to access the property for any maintenance repairs
or inspections and they also have the rights to review the rent every couple of years. All the rights the landlord has but the rights they don't have is
entering without permission,taking tenant 's personal property, upper the prices for rent more than what the market is
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Easements Land Law
In the past, English law has been underpinned by a strong and generally unifying desire to protect the rights of persons who could demonstrate a long
established de facto enjoyment of land. Indeed, the Prescription Act 1832 legislatively entrenched prescription, and in particular, prescriptive
easements. The underlying assumption was that the principle of prescription was necessary to reconcile the conflicting interests of landowners
The basis of prescription is that if long enjoyment of a lawful right is shown, the courts will uphold the right by presuming it had a lawful origin. There
are three types of prescription, namely, prescription at common law, prescription under the doctrine of lost modern grant and prescription under the
...show more content...
It also has been criticised for being overly complex. Various shortcomings of the act have been outlined in cases and by critics. One of the outlined
flaws is that the period of 20 years to find a prescriptive right under the act has to be the 20 years next before action brought. Therefore the period
must be calculated back from "some suit or action wherein the claim or matter to which such right may relate shall have been or shall be brought
into question" . This means that even though the right may have been enjoyed for the past 80 years, the claim will fail unless the last 20 years
immediately before the action have been "without interruption". The claim will also fail if both tenements had been owned or occupied by the same
person anytime immediately before the action. The minimum period of 20 years has to be "next before action" and without interruption. If the
interruption originated 19 years and one day prior to the action, the year's interruption would not be completed until one day after 20 years. If the
dominant owner did not make his claim before the last day of the year he would be too late. As on the next day the fatal period on one year's
interruption would be complete, thus he only has one day only in which to make his claim. The use of vague vocabulary such as the term "interruption"
has amounted to masses of criticisms. Interruption has a special meaning for the purposes of prescription act, it says that even when there is some
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Land Law
Proprietary estoppel protects a person who has a non contractual agreement over land but they have suffered a detriment due to them acting upon a
reliance based on an assurance made by the claimant. There has been much discussion in recent case law and academic commentaries as to the
elements which make up the nature of proprietary estoppel. Unconscionaibility is a major point for discussion in deciding whether it should be treated
as a separate element or if it is linked into the three main elements. This essay will consider and discuss the nature of proprietary estoppel and the two
views on unconscionaibility; whether there will always be unconscionaibility if there has been a non–performance of an assurance causing the claimant
to...show more content...
The nature of a passive expectation made to the claimant can be distinguished in commercial and domestic cases as was seen in Cobbe v Yeoman's
Row Management Ltd (2008) where the House of Lords established that the expectation of an interest in land should not be vague in a commercial
situation. The expectation should be for 'a certain interest in land' for proprietary estoppel purposes which was not the expectation held by Cobbe
therefore the expectation was held to be too vague. Lord Scott stated 'Unconscionaibility in my opinion plays a very important part in the doctrine of
equitable estoppel, in unifying and confirming, as it were, the other elements. If the other elements appear to be present but the result does not shock
the conscience of the court, the analysis needs to be looked at again.' This statement shows how case law endorses the unconscionaibility approach as
being interlinked with the other elements of proprietary estoppel however if all of the elements are not satisfied there can not be a claim for
proprietary estoppel as is the case here. In domestic (family) cases, the nature of the expectation doesn't have to be so specific as long as there is an
interest or right in land that would amount to a significant expectation. The assurance made must be clear enough so that claimant is found to have
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An Objective Behind The Land Law
Land law maintains a balance between disponees, and vulnerable interests by compromising between both positions, but this isn't fundamentally
problematic, though improvements can be made to the system. From the outset, this essay submits that the statement in question cannot be
appropriately applied to twenty–first century land law. The 2002 reform streamlined the 1925 legislation, such that the remaining disorganised interests
are imperative. Moreover, they don't needlessly impede disponees since many criterions must be satisfied even before such interests can be established.
Thus, it cannot be said that 'the rules are still too skewed against disponees.' To explain this, this essay will first analyse the reforms in general.
Secondly, it will analyse the position of disponees and interests. Finally, it question an assumption made by this statement, and that is; whether interests
should exist at all?
An objective behind the land law reforms was to enhance transparency but the statement incorrectly assumes that parliament intended to create a
'mirror' registry, which reflects all rights and interests in land. TheLand Registration Act (LRA) 1925 sought to modernise the law 'with the pinnacle
being the successful establishment of a title register.' However, the mirror principle wasn't achieved because section 70(1) LRA 1925 (and schedule 3,
paragraph 2(b), LRA 2002 maintains) a list of possible overriding interests which bind disponees despite being undiscoverable on the
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The Land Act Of 1913 Essay
The Natives Land Act of 1913, or "Plague Act" marked a paramount moment where, "the South African Native found himself, not actually a slave, but a
pariah in the land of his birth." (Plaatje, 1). And like any plague, the repercussions remained rampant and long–lasting, not only through the hillsides,
hollows, houses and cities but though the memories of those who experienced land dispossession and those who continue to experience its legacies.
This paper will focus on the commemoration of this act by examining the essay: Umhlaba 1913 to 2013: Commemorating the 1913 Land Act (based on
the exhibition), further comparing it to Sean O'Toole's review ‑ titled the same. This paper will investigate the purposes of commemorations and
how how we understand them, because while they construct tributes to the past they further create moments of alienation and trauma to the individuals
who still experience the aftermath. This essay will, additionally, examine how commemorations reinforce collective memory, map mental geographies
of the past and how they attempt to create closure for loss though I hope to reiterate that this is not always the case. It is also important to look not only
at the subject of commemorations but the relationship between materiality and memory; how a photograph can carry memories within and beyond the
land. Before one can comprehensively continue with the significance of commemorations and preserved memory, it is vital to look at the Natives Land
Act of 1913
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Land Law Reform
Indigenous people have long been denied the entitlement of land rights by Australia. Law reform has been both effective as well as ineffective in
achieving genuine access and control of land for the indigenous people. Law reform aims to reinforce and strengthen justice, through the process of
first examining existing laws, and by then revoking, amending or creating the necessary changes to a law. This procedure is acted in accordance with
judicial bodies, by the result of case law along with statutory law. The Native Title Act of 1993 was achieved through statutory reform. This act took
place by cause of the High Courts settlement of the second Mabo case of 1992. Although law reform has not been exclusively effective, it has been
relatively...show more content...
The significance of this decision amended the base of land law in Australia. The most significant issue of the case was if Queensland's 1879 act of
annexation of the Murray islands extinguished native title, by empowering the Crown with control of all Murray island land. The case involved the
consideration and judgment of the High Court and the Queensland Supreme Court. After Justice Moynihan of the Supreme Court recommenced the
hearing of the case facts, the proceedings reconvened on Murray Island as well as on the mainland as requested by the plaintiffs. Mabo and the
people of Meriam requested it to be held on the island its self, as they believed it would be convenient in taking evidence from witnesses, as well as
to provide the court a better understanding of the island and its people. As Justice Moynihan researched and investigated the aspects of the island, he
discovered many things about the island and its people. It was found that the Murray islanders had an elaborate social structure, no concept of public
land ownership and that the people had a clear awareness of identity as well as powerful and abiding links to their land. The determination of the case
depended on the legality of the declaration of Terra Nullius; if Australia was determined Terra Nullius at the time of settlement, this would result in the
islanders case being invalid as English law applied, however, if it was decided that the English had invaded Australia, then the initial occupants would
therefore be recognised. The High Court concluded the issue by deciding that Australian lands were not terra nullius at the time of settlement and that
native title had existed wherever indigenous people were settled before European settlement. The court therefore granted the islanders with native title
and the
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Land Law Procedures in Kenya
CATHOLIC UNIVERISTY OF EASTERN AFRICA
(CUEA)
FACULTY OF LAW
THIRD YEAR 1ST SEMESTER
BACHELOR OF LAWS
JANUARY– APRIL 2013
COURSE TITLE: LAND LAW 1
COURSE CODE: CLS 300 BY: WILSON MAROTSE MULEI LLM (London), LLB (Moi), Dip. Law (KSL)
Attorney at Law, EAC
COURSE OUTLINE
INTRODUCTION
Land law is split into two separate but related units. Land Law 1 and Land Law II. Land Law I deals with foundations of property law and Land Law II
deals with Proprietary Rights and transactions.
Land Law I is devoted to the teaching of and familiarizing the student with the basic concept relating to property ideology in general and to Land as
property in Particular. In this respect, The course will address the question, what is property in...show more content...
Historical development of land law in Kenya * Alienation/ acquisition phase * Imposition phase * Transformation.
WEEK TEN –CAT
WEEK ELEVEN/TWELVE
8. Land registration in Kenya * Advantages of registered system * Registration systems in Kenya(registration of deeds and registration of titles) *
Categories of land * Principles of registration * Legislative regimes of land registration * The rights and obligations created by registration * The
registration process * Duties of the registrar in registration * Registration and priority * Stay of registration
READING MATERIAL
Salmonds' jurisprudence
Okoth Ogendo, H.W.O, the tenants of the crown: the evolution of Agrarian Land Law and Institutions in Kenya, ACTs Press.
Ojienda,T.O (2008) Conveyance Principals and Practices (2008, Law Africa
Publishing, Nairobi)
Essays on Land Law, The reform Debate in Kenya, Edited by Smokin Wanjala
(Faculty of Nairobi University)
Land Law reform in Kenya, Vol. 1,2,3 of the Law society of Kenya
Onalo, P,L and Law and Conveyancing in Kenya, (1986) Law Africa Publishing
Nairobi
Kevin Grays & Susan F. Gray, Land Law (2007), Oxford University Press New
York
Megarry's Manual of the Law of Real Property
Sweet and Maxwell " The Law of Real Property 6th Edition (2002).
STATUTES * The Constitution of Kenya 2010 * Land Act, 2012 * Land Registration Act, 2012 *
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Electronic Conveyancing ( E Conveyancing )
Electronic conveyancing (e–conveyancing) was born as an inspired idea of the Land Registry back in the early 2000s. Prior to that, with the ever
increasing presence of technology in our day to day lives, as well as business dealings, paper based Land Registry details had begun to be
computerised. Almost all registered titles of land had been entered on to a computer based system by roughly the year 1995. There was a basic,
rather rudimentary, usage of computer systems. A system of direct access to a computerised register was introduced in 1995, called the Land
Registry Direct. (One of the tasks that were thus enabled, for example, was being able to notify the registry of a discharge of a registered charge, or
applications to a register.)...show more content...
The Land Registry came to the conclusion of employing a comprehensive system of e–conveyancing. The report produced a detailed outline of the
anticipated model of e–conveyancing. The problems of paper–based conveyancing as several. England's traditional conveyance system stands upon
multitudes of paper documents and a heavy reliance on the standard mail. Both parties to the the transaction, buyers and sellers, are subject to many
possible problems within the conveyancing process. A primary concern is the registration gap. This is the time between the transfer of drawn up and
agreed up contracts and the actual registration of the property unto the new owner. Particular issues with the registration gap is the fact that in any
transaction there are too many parties involved, length of transaction is too long and the transparency/opaqueness is questionable/questioned. One of
the original few problems identified within the previous system by the LR was the issue of overriding interests. These are third party interests that
continue to bind the estate and are enforceable against the purchaser, while not appearing on the register at all. This makes it impossible to fully rely
on the register, as it produces an actual risk to the purchaser. The inevitable solution is to still do the investigation (enquiries and inspection). The LR
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Public Law And Private Law Essay
With respect to the misleading and aggressive trade practices, two set of remedies were given by both the public law and the private law. Even
though the two sets refer to the same conduct, their concept and terminology were completely different and thus give rise to varied outcomes.
While the former was usually emphasized by officers working in the Trading Standards Services and the Office of Fair Trading through criminal
sanction and implemented under the Enterprise Act 2002, the latter was usually enforced through small claims by the offended consumers by
using the common law system per se for disputes between businesses. Therefore, the 2014 Regulations was adopted so as to fill the gap between
the enforcement of public law and private law in respect of consumer law on misleading and aggressive practices. The 2014 Regulations provide
two tiers of remedies. Specifically, Tier 1 stipulates the standard remedies, including the right to unwind and the right to a discount, which shall apply
for all cases without requiring the proof of loss. Tier 2 namely damages, provides additional remedies which allow consumer to claim compensation
for damages with the requirements of evidence of loss. Correspondingly, this part will introduce (1) the conditions to apply the new rights, analyse
and compare to the remedies under traditional law in respect of (2) the standard remedies, (3) the additional remedies and also discuss about (4) the
probable limits in the level of protection of
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Alien Land Law Dbq Analysis
Starting from around 1891, Japanese migrants began making their way to the United States for work; however, the Alien Land Law prevented all
"aliens ineligible for citizenship" from owning land in 1913. The buildup of Japanese immigrants into America continued until 1924 when no more
Japanese could legally migrate to the U.S.. Prior to the Japanese surprise attack on Pearl Harbor, Munson began investigating the loyalty of
Japanese–American and provided a report to the President just one month before the attack. After Pearl Harbor, signed Executive Order 9066 into law
which put all of California, and parts of Oregon and Washington into a militarized zone. This law allowed military personnel to exclude all persons
who pose a threat to national security. Although there were some racist and prejudice ruling used by the law, this executive order was motivated mostly
by national security. However, some believe that Japanese internment was solely based on racial prejudices. In the excerpt from The Crisis, the
NAACP points out that although Germans, Italians, and Japanese all posed threats, only Japanese citizens were put into these camps(Document C).
Although this point does have some value, Japanese citizens posed a greater threat on the Pacific...show more content...
In Roosevelt's Executive Order 9066, he states that in times of war, protection against "espionage and against sabotage" is needed for the safety of the
populus(Document E). The intended audience of this order is to the general American public and to the different military commander who will use this
new law how they may. This quotation, coming directly from the order, shows that it was for a security purpose. If this measure was not taken and
thousands of Americans died because of it, there would be a massive uproar complaining about not taking all of the relevant steps to put the country's
citizens out of harm's
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What Law Means To Me Essay
Law simply underlies our societies, it protects our rights, imposes duties on each of us, and establishes a framework for the conduct of almost
every social, political, and economic activity. The punishment of crime, compensation of the injured, and the enforcement of contracts are merely
some of the tasks of a modern legal system. It also strives to achieve justice, promote freedom, and protect our security. Law affects our everyday
lives and impacts on almost every aspect of society, it gives innovative aspects of Law providing a valuable opportunity to develop more versatile
skills and perspectives whilst achieving an honour degree, and will equip me with a broad foundation in legal principles, allowing me to progress into
a career specialising in areas such as...show more content...
In my opinion, this definition of Law could not be any clearer. However, many people still see the need to ignore these rules; whether by committing
crimes and breaking the law or behaving in a deviant manner, but sure enough, I know since been a child, looking up to law–enforcers such as police
officers has made me believe that Law is the backbone of our society, without it, everyday life would not be tolerable. Over centuries, Law has
matured and has come to a stage where it provides and reinforces the greatest security and protecting it with all possible means as it can be.
Although I didn't study Law as one of my subjects at school, but I do thoroughly enjoy reading about it online whenever possible and conversing
about its important place in building societies, which is why I feel so eager to have my dream come true by studying Law at your most prestigious
university, and nothing could be any better than studying Law at one of its most amazing establishments, The great UK, it literary means, ''I'm over the
moon'' by accepting me as one of your most dedicated students whom you will make you forever
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The Logic Of English Land Law
As it has been a substantial part of the Land Registration Act 2002, I would like to look into the process of electronic conveyancing and how it
supports my argument that the logic of English land law had been changed through the Act to a more rational, market efficient way. The Land Register
was empowered to set up a "Land Registry Network", this network could "go beyond the legal aspect of the transaction and could cover the whole
transaction from the point when a property is put on sale". The formalities of electronic dispositions were also introduced in the Act. The electronic
document now had to "stipulate its effective time and date, as well as to include electronic signatures of all the parties by whom it purports to be
authenticated plus every electronic signature has to be certified." If an electric document "complied with these formalities, it was to be regarded by
law as a written deed, signed by each individual and sealed by each corporation". Another important concept development was network access
agreement where the lawyers would be allowed to make changes to the title or the cautions register without involving the land registry officers. There
were rules imposed on regulation of the network and in order to enter into a network access agreement an applicant had to fulfill criteria. The Act has
also set out that whenever there was a conflict, the "overriding" nature of the obligation owed under the network access agreement, such obligation
would
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Land Law and Tenant
Question 1
This Problem concerns the enforceability and remedies of leasehold covenants between landlords and tenants, and their successors in title. The ground
floor lease is granted before 1 January 1996 and so the covenants are governed by a mixture of statute and common law. The first and second floor
leases were granted in 2001 after the coming into force of the Landlord and Tenant (Covenant) Act 1995 and are dealt with under this statutory regime.
Ground Floor
On the facts the original landlord, Larry and the Original tenant Tariq have assigned theirleasehold estate. Clearly the original parties are bound to each
other in contract to perform the covenants contained in the lease. Tariq liability continues throughout the...show more content...
First Floor
The enforceability of the two covenants raises similar issues to those considered above, save that the lease is granted on or after 1 January 1996, the
Landlord and Tenant (Covenants) Act 1995 is applicable. This makes no distinction between personal and proprietary covenants. Consequently, all
leasehold covenants will run to assignees of the reversion of the lease irrespective of whether they touch and concern or have reference to the subject
matter of the lease provided they are not expressed to be personal ss2 and 3 LTCA In Ron's case, therefore, the original tenant's covenant not to
use the first floor other than for the purpose of a recording studio and to allow Larry to use the studio on one day during the Christmas season to
record a Christmas carol for his parents, may well run to assignees as neither are actually expressed to be personal, even though the latter is personal
under the pre –1996 Swift test.. Also by force of statute, the benefits and burdens of the leasehold covenants pass to assignees. There is no need to
prove privity of estate or plead ss141 of the LPA this rule is irrelevant for LTCA leases s3 of the LTCA. The original tenant Sean is released from
liability on assignment, subject only to possibility of being required to guarantee the assignee under an Authorised Guarantee Agreement (AGA) ss 5
and 16 of the LTCA.
With the above principles in mind Ron cannot
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Land Law Assignment
The High Court has as of late considered the fraud special case to indefeasibility of title of land possession in the case of Cassegrain v Gerard
Cassegrain & Co Pty Ltd. The decision permits a wife to keep a half benefit for a dairy farm property in spite of paying no thought for it and just
being the beneficiary of that intrigue due to her spouse 's fraud. The misfortune here is the party denied of a benefit for the land by fraud, while the
victor is obviously the unwitting beneficiary of that interest.
The Facts
The organisation, Gerard Cassegrain & Co Pty Ltd, claimed a dairy farm in New South Wales. The Husband, in his ability as executive of the
organisation, exchanged title of the land to both himself and his wife as joint occupants in like manner. The spouse later moved his enthusiasm for the
property to his wife for $1. An Application was brought by the organisation against the spouse and wife in the New South Wales Supreme Court
looking for that the property be exchanged back to the organisation because of fraudulent activities of the spouse. The trial judge requested that the
spouse pay remuneration to the organisation, however dismissed the procedures against the wife as she herself was not a knowing party to the fraud.
The New South Wales Court of Appeal permitted the organisation 's appeal and reasoned that the spouse had gone about as the wife 's operators in the
property 's exchange. The Court in this way held that both the
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The Supreme Law Of The Land
The Criminal Justice System is made up of many crucial parts that come together as a whole in order to establish peace and maintain order in our
society. Each part and individual has a responsibility to keep the system going. One important component is the Court System. The court system was
designed to uphold the supreme law of the land, which is the constitution. The court system also helps protect our constitutional rights as Americans.
Not only do the courts protect our rights, they were created to punish those who violate the laws and to control crime as well. The courts also
determine the outcome of cases such as those of criminal or civil cases so everyone gets a fair trial. I had the opportunity to witness court cases and
hear the outcomes as well. I believe that Judge Dan C. Grober gave just sentences but in my opinion I would have been harsher on the verdicts of the
case of certain people if I were judge. I believe in order to prevent re–occurrence of a behavior or crime there should be harsh penalties after multiple
times committing the same crime. This experience has helped me learn so much about the court systems and each part that composes the court, here
's what I learnt. The job of the Court System can be defined as the court itself and the judge who is part of the court. The court is ran by a judge
"whose role is to make sure the law is followed and oversee what happens in a court (Criminal Justice System, 2008)." Judges oversee what happens in
a court but
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Land Act Mauritius
LAND (DUTIES AND TAXES)
Act 46 of 1984 – 16 July 1984 ARRANGEMENT OF SECTIONS PART I– PRELIMINARY Short title Interpretation PART II– REGISTRATION
DUTY 3 Duty leviable PART III– LAND TRANSFER TAX 4 Levy of land transfer tax 5 Exemption 6 Declaration by transferor 7 Penalty for incorrect
declaration PART IV– CAPITAL GAINS 8 Interpretation 9 Levy of capital gainstax 10 Sale price and cost of infrastructure works 11 Contents of deed
PART V– 12–15 PART VI– CAMPEMENT SITE TAX 16 Interpretation 17 Plan 18 Register 19 Declaration 20 Powers of authorised officer 21
Notice of entry on register 22 Removal of entry on register 23 Campement site tax 24 Appeal to Minister 25 Service of notice 26 Burden of proof
PART VIA– TAX ON TRANSFER OF 26A...show more content...
a partnership by a person who withdraws 'se dГ©sintГ©resse' from the partnership without taking back the property 'apport' which he originally
brought into the partnership; (iii) any immovable property owned by a company which is attributed, on winding up, liquidation or dissolution of the
company or in any other manner, to a shareholder of the company; (iv) any immovable property owned or purchased by a partnership which is
attributed, on its dissolution, to any of the partners of the dissolved partnership; (v) any immovable property brought by way of an 'apport' by a partner
in a partnership which is attributed, on its dissolution, to any of the partners of the dissolved partnership; "stated amount" means the amount specified
in a notice served by the Registrar–General under section 27 or 28; "tax"– (a) means the tax payable under Parts III to VIA; and (b) includes any
surcharge on tax and penalty or interest imposed under this Act; "transaction" means any operation creating, transferring or extinguishing a right of
obligation; "transferor" includes – (a) the lessee of an immovable property; (b) in the case of an exchange, any party who transfers property; (c) in the
case of a partnership, the property of which is, on its dissolution, attributed to any of the partners of the dissolved partnership immediately before its
dissolution; (d) in the case of any person withdrawing as a partner from a partnership, the person who so withdraws 'se dГ©sintГ©resse' without taking
back
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Land Law 19th Century
The land and business interests in Western New York were highly connected to the politics of infrastructure. Land and Business interests lobbied the
state government for the creation of canals and railroads, due to their tendency to increase trade and the value of land in the surrounding area. For
instance, the agricultural developer and politician, Asahel Cole, of Friendship, lobbied for the construction of the Genesee Railway and was appointed
by the state legislature to manage the project. By the time of the 1840's the Whig Party managed to establish significant support among voters in the
region by championing infrastructure projects as a means of economic development. In the course of 19th century, various railroads and canals were
constructed,...show more content...
For instance, the lakefront property of Buffalo became less valuable, as it had its buildings burned by British in the War of 1812, recovered during
the period of reconstruction, and grew to be more valuable after the Erie Canal and the new Buffalo harbor were established. Many formerly barren
parts of the region, became more valuable after Asahel Cole developed the Underground Irrigation technique in the 1850's made them agriculturally
viable. Villages which stared out with log houses and dirt roads in the earlier part of the 19th century, often ended up with frame and brick houses,
market places, shops, craft places, schools, churches, post–offices, paved streets, and other elements of spatial–social development by the late 19th
century. As more land plots came to be in the hands of small landholders, and the old large estates shrunk, the commodity of land became more about
transferring between small land holdings. As settlements were established and the general spatial order was set, the commodity of land changed to be
more about the modifying of the sub–elements to change the suiting tastes of owners and the continuing social
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Why Study Law Essay
Why study law? I think law is a course where you can practice practical skills and gain other skills too. Law is human rights; it is solving people's
problems and getting to know what people go through. Firstly I want to study law because of the injustices that still exist in the world we are in and
it bothers me a lot. I want to be the one that can change it. I want to be the one that will help people and get them justice. I want to the society to be
equal and I want to fight for some human rights. I want to be a lawyer or an investigator in crime scenes because I love solving problems which are
between two people and think about which option is the best to set and go for. I am a good listener and I like taking risks. I want to be...show more
content...
I think studying abroad makes you gain some self confidence and know how to handle responsibilities by yourself. I will be able to rebuild my life
from scratch. I will get to meet different people who lead to different cultures and I will meet an entirely new culture. I will get to ask the friends I will
make about how is law back in their countries. How does their law differ from ours? I will be able to explore the world, the world that I yet didn't
see. I will get to see how education is in different countries and get to experience it. Being an international student will help meet other international
students and I will get to ask and see how cultures differ and what are their traditions are like. The steps I take are my future; I am the one who
move my feet towards the goal I want. It is what I want to be and what I will hopefully be. There isn't anyone who could stop me from being what or
who I want to become. Yes I will be alone and I will get lost a lot of times but that is part of rebuilding who I am. That'll teach me loads of things I
never knew and I will learn more about
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Landlord Tenant Laws And Tenants Essay

  • 1. Landlord Tenant Laws And Tenants Essay Landlord–Tenant Law The legal rights and responsibilities of the tenant and landlord. When it comes to legal rights and responsibilities to landlords and tenants it can be very hard and convolutive.The landlord and tenants rights and responsibilities are usually written on the creation of the lease.It remains in place regardless ofif covered in the lease or rental agreement. Landlords have innumerable rights, including their rights to choose who will live in their rental properties and set lease terms. Many landlords would like to avoid legal disputes because it becomes confusing with the tenant. Landlord 's rights The landlord has many rights and obligations they have to go by. Some would be Setting up a rent amount, garner the correct amount of rent from tenant that's due, collect any changes associated with the property, Landlords have the rights to evict the tenant from the home during the first few months of residence without probable cause or later on during the stage of tenancy, landlords have the right to know who is living in the home with tenant not including visitors,they have the rights to know about any mends needed, and give reason to access the property for any maintenance repairs or inspections and they also have the rights to review the rent every couple of years. All the rights the landlord has but the rights they don't have is entering without permission,taking tenant 's personal property, upper the prices for rent more than what the market is Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 2. Easements Land Law In the past, English law has been underpinned by a strong and generally unifying desire to protect the rights of persons who could demonstrate a long established de facto enjoyment of land. Indeed, the Prescription Act 1832 legislatively entrenched prescription, and in particular, prescriptive easements. The underlying assumption was that the principle of prescription was necessary to reconcile the conflicting interests of landowners The basis of prescription is that if long enjoyment of a lawful right is shown, the courts will uphold the right by presuming it had a lawful origin. There are three types of prescription, namely, prescription at common law, prescription under the doctrine of lost modern grant and prescription under the ...show more content... It also has been criticised for being overly complex. Various shortcomings of the act have been outlined in cases and by critics. One of the outlined flaws is that the period of 20 years to find a prescriptive right under the act has to be the 20 years next before action brought. Therefore the period must be calculated back from "some suit or action wherein the claim or matter to which such right may relate shall have been or shall be brought into question" . This means that even though the right may have been enjoyed for the past 80 years, the claim will fail unless the last 20 years immediately before the action have been "without interruption". The claim will also fail if both tenements had been owned or occupied by the same person anytime immediately before the action. The minimum period of 20 years has to be "next before action" and without interruption. If the interruption originated 19 years and one day prior to the action, the year's interruption would not be completed until one day after 20 years. If the dominant owner did not make his claim before the last day of the year he would be too late. As on the next day the fatal period on one year's interruption would be complete, thus he only has one day only in which to make his claim. The use of vague vocabulary such as the term "interruption" has amounted to masses of criticisms. Interruption has a special meaning for the purposes of prescription act, it says that even when there is some Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 3. Land Law Proprietary estoppel protects a person who has a non contractual agreement over land but they have suffered a detriment due to them acting upon a reliance based on an assurance made by the claimant. There has been much discussion in recent case law and academic commentaries as to the elements which make up the nature of proprietary estoppel. Unconscionaibility is a major point for discussion in deciding whether it should be treated as a separate element or if it is linked into the three main elements. This essay will consider and discuss the nature of proprietary estoppel and the two views on unconscionaibility; whether there will always be unconscionaibility if there has been a non–performance of an assurance causing the claimant to...show more content... The nature of a passive expectation made to the claimant can be distinguished in commercial and domestic cases as was seen in Cobbe v Yeoman's Row Management Ltd (2008) where the House of Lords established that the expectation of an interest in land should not be vague in a commercial situation. The expectation should be for 'a certain interest in land' for proprietary estoppel purposes which was not the expectation held by Cobbe therefore the expectation was held to be too vague. Lord Scott stated 'Unconscionaibility in my opinion plays a very important part in the doctrine of equitable estoppel, in unifying and confirming, as it were, the other elements. If the other elements appear to be present but the result does not shock the conscience of the court, the analysis needs to be looked at again.' This statement shows how case law endorses the unconscionaibility approach as being interlinked with the other elements of proprietary estoppel however if all of the elements are not satisfied there can not be a claim for proprietary estoppel as is the case here. In domestic (family) cases, the nature of the expectation doesn't have to be so specific as long as there is an interest or right in land that would amount to a significant expectation. The assurance made must be clear enough so that claimant is found to have Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 4. An Objective Behind The Land Law Land law maintains a balance between disponees, and vulnerable interests by compromising between both positions, but this isn't fundamentally problematic, though improvements can be made to the system. From the outset, this essay submits that the statement in question cannot be appropriately applied to twenty–first century land law. The 2002 reform streamlined the 1925 legislation, such that the remaining disorganised interests are imperative. Moreover, they don't needlessly impede disponees since many criterions must be satisfied even before such interests can be established. Thus, it cannot be said that 'the rules are still too skewed against disponees.' To explain this, this essay will first analyse the reforms in general. Secondly, it will analyse the position of disponees and interests. Finally, it question an assumption made by this statement, and that is; whether interests should exist at all? An objective behind the land law reforms was to enhance transparency but the statement incorrectly assumes that parliament intended to create a 'mirror' registry, which reflects all rights and interests in land. TheLand Registration Act (LRA) 1925 sought to modernise the law 'with the pinnacle being the successful establishment of a title register.' However, the mirror principle wasn't achieved because section 70(1) LRA 1925 (and schedule 3, paragraph 2(b), LRA 2002 maintains) a list of possible overriding interests which bind disponees despite being undiscoverable on the Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 5. The Land Act Of 1913 Essay The Natives Land Act of 1913, or "Plague Act" marked a paramount moment where, "the South African Native found himself, not actually a slave, but a pariah in the land of his birth." (Plaatje, 1). And like any plague, the repercussions remained rampant and long–lasting, not only through the hillsides, hollows, houses and cities but though the memories of those who experienced land dispossession and those who continue to experience its legacies. This paper will focus on the commemoration of this act by examining the essay: Umhlaba 1913 to 2013: Commemorating the 1913 Land Act (based on the exhibition), further comparing it to Sean O'Toole's review ‑ titled the same. This paper will investigate the purposes of commemorations and how how we understand them, because while they construct tributes to the past they further create moments of alienation and trauma to the individuals who still experience the aftermath. This essay will, additionally, examine how commemorations reinforce collective memory, map mental geographies of the past and how they attempt to create closure for loss though I hope to reiterate that this is not always the case. It is also important to look not only at the subject of commemorations but the relationship between materiality and memory; how a photograph can carry memories within and beyond the land. Before one can comprehensively continue with the significance of commemorations and preserved memory, it is vital to look at the Natives Land Act of 1913 Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 6. Land Law Reform Indigenous people have long been denied the entitlement of land rights by Australia. Law reform has been both effective as well as ineffective in achieving genuine access and control of land for the indigenous people. Law reform aims to reinforce and strengthen justice, through the process of first examining existing laws, and by then revoking, amending or creating the necessary changes to a law. This procedure is acted in accordance with judicial bodies, by the result of case law along with statutory law. The Native Title Act of 1993 was achieved through statutory reform. This act took place by cause of the High Courts settlement of the second Mabo case of 1992. Although law reform has not been exclusively effective, it has been relatively...show more content... The significance of this decision amended the base of land law in Australia. The most significant issue of the case was if Queensland's 1879 act of annexation of the Murray islands extinguished native title, by empowering the Crown with control of all Murray island land. The case involved the consideration and judgment of the High Court and the Queensland Supreme Court. After Justice Moynihan of the Supreme Court recommenced the hearing of the case facts, the proceedings reconvened on Murray Island as well as on the mainland as requested by the plaintiffs. Mabo and the people of Meriam requested it to be held on the island its self, as they believed it would be convenient in taking evidence from witnesses, as well as to provide the court a better understanding of the island and its people. As Justice Moynihan researched and investigated the aspects of the island, he discovered many things about the island and its people. It was found that the Murray islanders had an elaborate social structure, no concept of public land ownership and that the people had a clear awareness of identity as well as powerful and abiding links to their land. The determination of the case depended on the legality of the declaration of Terra Nullius; if Australia was determined Terra Nullius at the time of settlement, this would result in the islanders case being invalid as English law applied, however, if it was decided that the English had invaded Australia, then the initial occupants would therefore be recognised. The High Court concluded the issue by deciding that Australian lands were not terra nullius at the time of settlement and that native title had existed wherever indigenous people were settled before European settlement. The court therefore granted the islanders with native title and the Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 7. Land Law Procedures in Kenya CATHOLIC UNIVERISTY OF EASTERN AFRICA (CUEA) FACULTY OF LAW THIRD YEAR 1ST SEMESTER BACHELOR OF LAWS JANUARY– APRIL 2013 COURSE TITLE: LAND LAW 1 COURSE CODE: CLS 300 BY: WILSON MAROTSE MULEI LLM (London), LLB (Moi), Dip. Law (KSL) Attorney at Law, EAC COURSE OUTLINE INTRODUCTION Land law is split into two separate but related units. Land Law 1 and Land Law II. Land Law I deals with foundations of property law and Land Law II deals with Proprietary Rights and transactions. Land Law I is devoted to the teaching of and familiarizing the student with the basic concept relating to property ideology in general and to Land as property in Particular. In this respect, The course will address the question, what is property in...show more content... Historical development of land law in Kenya * Alienation/ acquisition phase * Imposition phase * Transformation. WEEK TEN –CAT
  • 8. WEEK ELEVEN/TWELVE 8. Land registration in Kenya * Advantages of registered system * Registration systems in Kenya(registration of deeds and registration of titles) * Categories of land * Principles of registration * Legislative regimes of land registration * The rights and obligations created by registration * The registration process * Duties of the registrar in registration * Registration and priority * Stay of registration READING MATERIAL Salmonds' jurisprudence Okoth Ogendo, H.W.O, the tenants of the crown: the evolution of Agrarian Land Law and Institutions in Kenya, ACTs Press. Ojienda,T.O (2008) Conveyance Principals and Practices (2008, Law Africa Publishing, Nairobi) Essays on Land Law, The reform Debate in Kenya, Edited by Smokin Wanjala (Faculty of Nairobi University) Land Law reform in Kenya, Vol. 1,2,3 of the Law society of Kenya Onalo, P,L and Law and Conveyancing in Kenya, (1986) Law Africa Publishing Nairobi Kevin Grays & Susan F. Gray, Land Law (2007), Oxford University Press New York Megarry's Manual of the Law of Real Property Sweet and Maxwell " The Law of Real Property 6th Edition (2002). STATUTES * The Constitution of Kenya 2010 * Land Act, 2012 * Land Registration Act, 2012 * Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 9. Electronic Conveyancing ( E Conveyancing ) Electronic conveyancing (e–conveyancing) was born as an inspired idea of the Land Registry back in the early 2000s. Prior to that, with the ever increasing presence of technology in our day to day lives, as well as business dealings, paper based Land Registry details had begun to be computerised. Almost all registered titles of land had been entered on to a computer based system by roughly the year 1995. There was a basic, rather rudimentary, usage of computer systems. A system of direct access to a computerised register was introduced in 1995, called the Land Registry Direct. (One of the tasks that were thus enabled, for example, was being able to notify the registry of a discharge of a registered charge, or applications to a register.)...show more content... The Land Registry came to the conclusion of employing a comprehensive system of e–conveyancing. The report produced a detailed outline of the anticipated model of e–conveyancing. The problems of paper–based conveyancing as several. England's traditional conveyance system stands upon multitudes of paper documents and a heavy reliance on the standard mail. Both parties to the the transaction, buyers and sellers, are subject to many possible problems within the conveyancing process. A primary concern is the registration gap. This is the time between the transfer of drawn up and agreed up contracts and the actual registration of the property unto the new owner. Particular issues with the registration gap is the fact that in any transaction there are too many parties involved, length of transaction is too long and the transparency/opaqueness is questionable/questioned. One of the original few problems identified within the previous system by the LR was the issue of overriding interests. These are third party interests that continue to bind the estate and are enforceable against the purchaser, while not appearing on the register at all. This makes it impossible to fully rely on the register, as it produces an actual risk to the purchaser. The inevitable solution is to still do the investigation (enquiries and inspection). The LR Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 10. Public Law And Private Law Essay With respect to the misleading and aggressive trade practices, two set of remedies were given by both the public law and the private law. Even though the two sets refer to the same conduct, their concept and terminology were completely different and thus give rise to varied outcomes. While the former was usually emphasized by officers working in the Trading Standards Services and the Office of Fair Trading through criminal sanction and implemented under the Enterprise Act 2002, the latter was usually enforced through small claims by the offended consumers by using the common law system per se for disputes between businesses. Therefore, the 2014 Regulations was adopted so as to fill the gap between the enforcement of public law and private law in respect of consumer law on misleading and aggressive practices. The 2014 Regulations provide two tiers of remedies. Specifically, Tier 1 stipulates the standard remedies, including the right to unwind and the right to a discount, which shall apply for all cases without requiring the proof of loss. Tier 2 namely damages, provides additional remedies which allow consumer to claim compensation for damages with the requirements of evidence of loss. Correspondingly, this part will introduce (1) the conditions to apply the new rights, analyse and compare to the remedies under traditional law in respect of (2) the standard remedies, (3) the additional remedies and also discuss about (4) the probable limits in the level of protection of Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 11. Alien Land Law Dbq Analysis Starting from around 1891, Japanese migrants began making their way to the United States for work; however, the Alien Land Law prevented all "aliens ineligible for citizenship" from owning land in 1913. The buildup of Japanese immigrants into America continued until 1924 when no more Japanese could legally migrate to the U.S.. Prior to the Japanese surprise attack on Pearl Harbor, Munson began investigating the loyalty of Japanese–American and provided a report to the President just one month before the attack. After Pearl Harbor, signed Executive Order 9066 into law which put all of California, and parts of Oregon and Washington into a militarized zone. This law allowed military personnel to exclude all persons who pose a threat to national security. Although there were some racist and prejudice ruling used by the law, this executive order was motivated mostly by national security. However, some believe that Japanese internment was solely based on racial prejudices. In the excerpt from The Crisis, the NAACP points out that although Germans, Italians, and Japanese all posed threats, only Japanese citizens were put into these camps(Document C). Although this point does have some value, Japanese citizens posed a greater threat on the Pacific...show more content... In Roosevelt's Executive Order 9066, he states that in times of war, protection against "espionage and against sabotage" is needed for the safety of the populus(Document E). The intended audience of this order is to the general American public and to the different military commander who will use this new law how they may. This quotation, coming directly from the order, shows that it was for a security purpose. If this measure was not taken and thousands of Americans died because of it, there would be a massive uproar complaining about not taking all of the relevant steps to put the country's citizens out of harm's Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 12. What Law Means To Me Essay Law simply underlies our societies, it protects our rights, imposes duties on each of us, and establishes a framework for the conduct of almost every social, political, and economic activity. The punishment of crime, compensation of the injured, and the enforcement of contracts are merely some of the tasks of a modern legal system. It also strives to achieve justice, promote freedom, and protect our security. Law affects our everyday lives and impacts on almost every aspect of society, it gives innovative aspects of Law providing a valuable opportunity to develop more versatile skills and perspectives whilst achieving an honour degree, and will equip me with a broad foundation in legal principles, allowing me to progress into a career specialising in areas such as...show more content... In my opinion, this definition of Law could not be any clearer. However, many people still see the need to ignore these rules; whether by committing crimes and breaking the law or behaving in a deviant manner, but sure enough, I know since been a child, looking up to law–enforcers such as police officers has made me believe that Law is the backbone of our society, without it, everyday life would not be tolerable. Over centuries, Law has matured and has come to a stage where it provides and reinforces the greatest security and protecting it with all possible means as it can be. Although I didn't study Law as one of my subjects at school, but I do thoroughly enjoy reading about it online whenever possible and conversing about its important place in building societies, which is why I feel so eager to have my dream come true by studying Law at your most prestigious university, and nothing could be any better than studying Law at one of its most amazing establishments, The great UK, it literary means, ''I'm over the moon'' by accepting me as one of your most dedicated students whom you will make you forever Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 13. The Logic Of English Land Law As it has been a substantial part of the Land Registration Act 2002, I would like to look into the process of electronic conveyancing and how it supports my argument that the logic of English land law had been changed through the Act to a more rational, market efficient way. The Land Register was empowered to set up a "Land Registry Network", this network could "go beyond the legal aspect of the transaction and could cover the whole transaction from the point when a property is put on sale". The formalities of electronic dispositions were also introduced in the Act. The electronic document now had to "stipulate its effective time and date, as well as to include electronic signatures of all the parties by whom it purports to be authenticated plus every electronic signature has to be certified." If an electric document "complied with these formalities, it was to be regarded by law as a written deed, signed by each individual and sealed by each corporation". Another important concept development was network access agreement where the lawyers would be allowed to make changes to the title or the cautions register without involving the land registry officers. There were rules imposed on regulation of the network and in order to enter into a network access agreement an applicant had to fulfill criteria. The Act has also set out that whenever there was a conflict, the "overriding" nature of the obligation owed under the network access agreement, such obligation would Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 14. Land Law and Tenant Question 1 This Problem concerns the enforceability and remedies of leasehold covenants between landlords and tenants, and their successors in title. The ground floor lease is granted before 1 January 1996 and so the covenants are governed by a mixture of statute and common law. The first and second floor leases were granted in 2001 after the coming into force of the Landlord and Tenant (Covenant) Act 1995 and are dealt with under this statutory regime. Ground Floor On the facts the original landlord, Larry and the Original tenant Tariq have assigned theirleasehold estate. Clearly the original parties are bound to each other in contract to perform the covenants contained in the lease. Tariq liability continues throughout the...show more content... First Floor The enforceability of the two covenants raises similar issues to those considered above, save that the lease is granted on or after 1 January 1996, the Landlord and Tenant (Covenants) Act 1995 is applicable. This makes no distinction between personal and proprietary covenants. Consequently, all leasehold covenants will run to assignees of the reversion of the lease irrespective of whether they touch and concern or have reference to the subject matter of the lease provided they are not expressed to be personal ss2 and 3 LTCA In Ron's case, therefore, the original tenant's covenant not to use the first floor other than for the purpose of a recording studio and to allow Larry to use the studio on one day during the Christmas season to record a Christmas carol for his parents, may well run to assignees as neither are actually expressed to be personal, even though the latter is personal under the pre –1996 Swift test.. Also by force of statute, the benefits and burdens of the leasehold covenants pass to assignees. There is no need to prove privity of estate or plead ss141 of the LPA this rule is irrelevant for LTCA leases s3 of the LTCA. The original tenant Sean is released from liability on assignment, subject only to possibility of being required to guarantee the assignee under an Authorised Guarantee Agreement (AGA) ss 5 and 16 of the LTCA. With the above principles in mind Ron cannot
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  • 16. Land Law Assignment The High Court has as of late considered the fraud special case to indefeasibility of title of land possession in the case of Cassegrain v Gerard Cassegrain & Co Pty Ltd. The decision permits a wife to keep a half benefit for a dairy farm property in spite of paying no thought for it and just being the beneficiary of that intrigue due to her spouse 's fraud. The misfortune here is the party denied of a benefit for the land by fraud, while the victor is obviously the unwitting beneficiary of that interest. The Facts The organisation, Gerard Cassegrain & Co Pty Ltd, claimed a dairy farm in New South Wales. The Husband, in his ability as executive of the organisation, exchanged title of the land to both himself and his wife as joint occupants in like manner. The spouse later moved his enthusiasm for the property to his wife for $1. An Application was brought by the organisation against the spouse and wife in the New South Wales Supreme Court looking for that the property be exchanged back to the organisation because of fraudulent activities of the spouse. The trial judge requested that the spouse pay remuneration to the organisation, however dismissed the procedures against the wife as she herself was not a knowing party to the fraud. The New South Wales Court of Appeal permitted the organisation 's appeal and reasoned that the spouse had gone about as the wife 's operators in the property 's exchange. The Court in this way held that both the Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 17. The Supreme Law Of The Land The Criminal Justice System is made up of many crucial parts that come together as a whole in order to establish peace and maintain order in our society. Each part and individual has a responsibility to keep the system going. One important component is the Court System. The court system was designed to uphold the supreme law of the land, which is the constitution. The court system also helps protect our constitutional rights as Americans. Not only do the courts protect our rights, they were created to punish those who violate the laws and to control crime as well. The courts also determine the outcome of cases such as those of criminal or civil cases so everyone gets a fair trial. I had the opportunity to witness court cases and hear the outcomes as well. I believe that Judge Dan C. Grober gave just sentences but in my opinion I would have been harsher on the verdicts of the case of certain people if I were judge. I believe in order to prevent re–occurrence of a behavior or crime there should be harsh penalties after multiple times committing the same crime. This experience has helped me learn so much about the court systems and each part that composes the court, here 's what I learnt. The job of the Court System can be defined as the court itself and the judge who is part of the court. The court is ran by a judge "whose role is to make sure the law is followed and oversee what happens in a court (Criminal Justice System, 2008)." Judges oversee what happens in a court but Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 18. Land Act Mauritius LAND (DUTIES AND TAXES) Act 46 of 1984 – 16 July 1984 ARRANGEMENT OF SECTIONS PART I– PRELIMINARY Short title Interpretation PART II– REGISTRATION DUTY 3 Duty leviable PART III– LAND TRANSFER TAX 4 Levy of land transfer tax 5 Exemption 6 Declaration by transferor 7 Penalty for incorrect declaration PART IV– CAPITAL GAINS 8 Interpretation 9 Levy of capital gainstax 10 Sale price and cost of infrastructure works 11 Contents of deed PART V– 12–15 PART VI– CAMPEMENT SITE TAX 16 Interpretation 17 Plan 18 Register 19 Declaration 20 Powers of authorised officer 21 Notice of entry on register 22 Removal of entry on register 23 Campement site tax 24 Appeal to Minister 25 Service of notice 26 Burden of proof PART VIA– TAX ON TRANSFER OF 26A...show more content... a partnership by a person who withdraws 'se dГ©sintГ©resse' from the partnership without taking back the property 'apport' which he originally brought into the partnership; (iii) any immovable property owned by a company which is attributed, on winding up, liquidation or dissolution of the company or in any other manner, to a shareholder of the company; (iv) any immovable property owned or purchased by a partnership which is attributed, on its dissolution, to any of the partners of the dissolved partnership; (v) any immovable property brought by way of an 'apport' by a partner in a partnership which is attributed, on its dissolution, to any of the partners of the dissolved partnership; "stated amount" means the amount specified in a notice served by the Registrar–General under section 27 or 28; "tax"– (a) means the tax payable under Parts III to VIA; and (b) includes any surcharge on tax and penalty or interest imposed under this Act; "transaction" means any operation creating, transferring or extinguishing a right of obligation; "transferor" includes – (a) the lessee of an immovable property; (b) in the case of an exchange, any party who transfers property; (c) in the case of a partnership, the property of which is, on its dissolution, attributed to any of the partners of the dissolved partnership immediately before its dissolution; (d) in the case of any person withdrawing as a partner from a partnership, the person who so withdraws 'se dГ©sintГ©resse' without taking back Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 19. Land Law 19th Century The land and business interests in Western New York were highly connected to the politics of infrastructure. Land and Business interests lobbied the state government for the creation of canals and railroads, due to their tendency to increase trade and the value of land in the surrounding area. For instance, the agricultural developer and politician, Asahel Cole, of Friendship, lobbied for the construction of the Genesee Railway and was appointed by the state legislature to manage the project. By the time of the 1840's the Whig Party managed to establish significant support among voters in the region by championing infrastructure projects as a means of economic development. In the course of 19th century, various railroads and canals were constructed,...show more content... For instance, the lakefront property of Buffalo became less valuable, as it had its buildings burned by British in the War of 1812, recovered during the period of reconstruction, and grew to be more valuable after the Erie Canal and the new Buffalo harbor were established. Many formerly barren parts of the region, became more valuable after Asahel Cole developed the Underground Irrigation technique in the 1850's made them agriculturally viable. Villages which stared out with log houses and dirt roads in the earlier part of the 19th century, often ended up with frame and brick houses, market places, shops, craft places, schools, churches, post–offices, paved streets, and other elements of spatial–social development by the late 19th century. As more land plots came to be in the hands of small landholders, and the old large estates shrunk, the commodity of land became more about transferring between small land holdings. As settlements were established and the general spatial order was set, the commodity of land changed to be more about the modifying of the sub–elements to change the suiting tastes of owners and the continuing social Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 20. Why Study Law Essay Why study law? I think law is a course where you can practice practical skills and gain other skills too. Law is human rights; it is solving people's problems and getting to know what people go through. Firstly I want to study law because of the injustices that still exist in the world we are in and it bothers me a lot. I want to be the one that can change it. I want to be the one that will help people and get them justice. I want to the society to be equal and I want to fight for some human rights. I want to be a lawyer or an investigator in crime scenes because I love solving problems which are between two people and think about which option is the best to set and go for. I am a good listener and I like taking risks. I want to be...show more content... I think studying abroad makes you gain some self confidence and know how to handle responsibilities by yourself. I will be able to rebuild my life from scratch. I will get to meet different people who lead to different cultures and I will meet an entirely new culture. I will get to ask the friends I will make about how is law back in their countries. How does their law differ from ours? I will be able to explore the world, the world that I yet didn't see. I will get to see how education is in different countries and get to experience it. Being an international student will help meet other international students and I will get to ask and see how cultures differ and what are their traditions are like. The steps I take are my future; I am the one who move my feet towards the goal I want. It is what I want to be and what I will hopefully be. There isn't anyone who could stop me from being what or who I want to become. Yes I will be alone and I will get lost a lot of times but that is part of rebuilding who I am. That'll teach me loads of things I never knew and I will learn more about Get more content on HelpWriting.net