Basics of Blast Furnace iron making

1. SEMINAR AND
TECHNICALWRITING –
MM 4903
NAME : BIBHUTI BHUSAN KAR
ROLL NO. – 119MM0393
Submitted to Prof. Debasis Chaira

2. TOPIC : BLAST FURNACE

3. • A metallurgical furnace used to chemically reduce and physically convert solid
iron oxide (Fe2O3) into liquid iron called “Pig Iron” or “Hot Metal” (Fe-
94%approx.).
• A Blast Furnace is so called because it uses air blast as oxygen source for the
process.
• Considered as the heart of an ISP.
• BF is a counter current heat and mass exchanger
• Take the raw material from RMHP, coke from Coke Ovens and Sinter from
Sinter Plant and convert it into pig iron or ”Hot Metal” .
3
INTRODUCTION

4. BF CONSTRUCTION & DESIGN
• Giant Modern day Blast
Furnace
Specifications
Working volume : 4000 -5000 m3
Production Capacity : 9000 -12000TPD
Furnace Height : 34 - 37 m
Hearth Diameter : 14- 16 m
Tuyers : 30
Charging system : Bell LessTOP
Hot blastTemperature : 1000-1200°C
HighTop Pressure : 1.5 bar

5. DIFFERENT ZONES OF BF

6. PROMINENT REACTIONS IN BF
1. Iron ore reduction
(Direct reduction &
Indirect reduction )
2. Combustion Reaction
3. Gassification Reaction
4. Calcination
5. Slag Formation
Reaction
6.Water Gas Reaction
7. Impurity oxide reduction

7. PROCESS DESCRIPTION
HOT AIR BLAST
BURDEN CHARGE
• Blast furnace is a counter current
reactor.
• Solid raw materials are charged from
the top of the furnace and hot blast, is
sent through the bottom via tuyeres .
• The heat and is transferred from the
gas to the burden and oxygen from the
burden to the gas.
• Gas ascends up the furnace while
burden and coke descend down
through the furnace

8. INPUT –OUTPUT MODEL OF BF
Sinter Iron ore lump
Coke
Hot Blast BF Gas Clean BF
Gas
Hot metal
Blast
Furnace GCP
SMS
PCM
Slag

9. RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN BF
1. Iron Ore Lumps – Sinter and
Pellets
2. Better Charging Distribution -
Bell Less Charging System
3. HighTop Pressure
4. Injection of Auxilary Fuels (PCI )
5. High BlastTemp & Oxygen
Enrichment

10. REFERENCES :
• https://www.britannica.com/technology/blast-furnace
• https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/engineering/blast-furnace
• https://www.metallics.org/pig-iron-bf.html
• https://steelmuseum.org/steelmaking_exhibit_2016/blast_furnace.cfm
BIBHUTI BHUSAN KAR
119MM0393