2. Introduction
Definition:
Tablet is defined as compresse unit solid dosage form containing medicament with or without
excipient.
According to indin pharmacopiea
Pharmaceutical tablets are solid , flat or biconvex dishes , unit dosage form , prepared by compressing
a drug or mixture of drugs with or without diluents
They vary in shape and differ greatly In size depending upon amount of medicament and intended
mode of administration.
3. Advantages
1. Greatest dose prescription and the least content variability
2. Cost is lowest of all oral dosage form
3. Light and compact
4. Easiest to package and strip
5. Easy to swallow
6. Sustaine release is possible by various techniques
7. Bad odour can be masked by various techniques
8. Suitable for large scale production
9. Greatest chemical and microbial stability over all oral dosage forms
4. Dis Advantages
1. Difficult to swallow in case of children and unconscious patients
2. Some drugs resist compression into dense compacts owing amorphous in nature ,low density in
charechter
3. Drugs with poor wetting and slow dissolution properties are difficult to formulate
4. Bitter tasting of drugs with an objectional odour and taste that are sensitive to oxygen may require
encapsulation
5. Types of tablets
A) tablets ingested orally
1. Compressed tablet – paracetamol
2. Multiple compressed tablet-
3. Repeat action tablet
4. delayed release tablet – enteric coated tablet
5. Film coated tablet – metronidazole tablet
6. Chewable tablet – antacid tablet
B) Tablets used in oral activity
1.Buccal tablet- vitamin c tablet
2.sub lingual tablet- Vicks menthol tablet
3.troches or lozenges
4.Dental cones
6. Types of tablets
Tablets administered by other route
1. Implantation tablet
2. Vaginal tablet
Tablets used to prepare solutions
1. Effervescent tablets- Disprin tablet
2. Dispensing tablet- Enzyme tablet
3.Hypodermic tablet
4.tablet triturates
7. Formulation of tablets
It includes the following steps In addition to active ingredients tablet contains number of inert
subsatances
1. Diluent
2. Binder and adhesive
3. Disintegrants
4. Lubricants and glidants
5. Colouring agents
6. Flavouring agents
7. Sweetning agents
8. Diluents
Used to increase bulk quantity of medicament
Ex. Lactose sucrose , sodium chloride, dextrose and starch
9. Disintegrants
To break the tablets into smaller particles when swalloed .It can act by three ways swelling, by
producing effervesence, and by melting at body temperature
Disentegrate agent divided into 2 parts one part is mixed other excipients before granulation and
the other part is mixed with dry granules before compression
Ex: potato, maize, starch.
10. Granulating agents
This provides moisture to convert fine powder into damp masses which after sieve passes granules
Starch paste , isopropyl alcohol,
11. Glidant
To improve flow properties of granules
Ex: magnesium sterate and talc
12. Binding agents
These provides strength to the granules to keep the tablet intact
Ex: gum tragacanth methyl cellulose
13. Lubricants
To reduce inter particular friction during compression between tablet and due wall during ejection
of tablet
Ex: talcand mg sterate
14. Adsorbing agents
Used to absorb volatile oil , liquid extracts and tincture etc
Prevents sticking
Magnesium sterate and steric acid
15. Colours , Flavouring and Sweetning agents
Must be approved and certified by FDA
Two forms of colour s are used FD&c D&c types
Dyes are applied in the form of granulating agent or lake form of these
dyes
