The nervous system consists of the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves. It functions to control the body, receive and integrate sensory information, and coordinate voluntary and involuntary actions. The basic functional unit is the neuron, which transmits electrochemical signals. The central nervous system is made up of the brain and spinal cord, which process information and coordinate messages to and from the body. The peripheral nervous system includes cranial, spinal, and visceral nerves that connect to organs and muscles throughout the body.

1. Submitted by : Priyanka

3. The nervous system is the
system that consists of brain ,
spinal cord and peripheral
nerves.
The nervous system is the
control center of our body or it
can be thought of as the body’s
communication system.

5. Communication and
coordination as it receives the
impulses, it integrate them and
take decision.
It controls muscles or
glands.(voluntary or involuntary)
It control intellectual functions.

6. Neuron
• Neuron or nerve cells is the functional unit of the
nervous system and are specialized to carry
"messages" through an electrochemical process.
• The human brain has approximately 100 billion
neurons. Neurons come in many different shapes
and sizes. Some of the smallest neurons have cell
bodies that are only 4 microns wide. Some of the
biggest neurons have cell bodies that are 100
microns wide.

8. Cell body : It is the metabolic centre of the
neuron.I6t contains many organells.
Dendrites : These are the short processes that
receive and carry incoming impulses towards cell
bodies.
Axon : It is the conlike region of the cell body and
take information away from the body.
Nissn granules : These are certain granules and
important in maintaining cell shape.
Nodes of Ranvier : Gap between the Schwann
cells called nodes of ranvier.
Synapse : Each axon terminal is separated from
the next neuron by a tiny gap called synapse.
Sachwann cell
Nodes of Ranvier

9.  Neuron basic
structural and
functional unit
of the nervous
system.
 there are million
of cells in the
body…
 Unipolar
 Bipolar
 Multipolar

11. • The brain is the central
information processing
organ of our body and
acts as control and
command system.
• It controls voluntary
movements , balance of
the body and functioning
of body organs.
• There are three major
divisions of the brain.
They are the forebrain,
the midbrain, and the
hindbrain.

12. Brain
• Forebrain
cerebrum
diencephlon
• Midbrain
• Hindbrain
– Pones
– Medulla
– cerebellum

13. Forebrain
• There are two major divisions of
forebrain: the diencephalon and the
cerebrum.
• The diencephalon contains structures
such as the thalamus and
hypothalamus which are responsible
for such functions as motor control,
relaying sensory information, and
controlling autonomic functions.
• The cerebrum is the largest part of
brain. The forebrain is responsible
many functions i.e. receiving and
processing sensory information,
thinking, perceiving, producing and
understanding language, and
controlling motor function.

14. Midbrain
• The midbrain and the
hindbrain together make
up the brainstem. The
midbrain is the portion of
the brainstem that
connects the hindbrain
and the forebrain. This
region of the brain is
involved in auditory and
visual responses as well as
motor function.

15. Hindbrain
• The hindbrain extends from
the spinal cord . The hind brain
contains structures such as the
pons ,medulla and cerebellum.
These regions assists in
maintaining balance and
equilibrium, movement
coordination, and the
conduction of sensory
information. the medulla
oblongata which is responsible
for controlling such autonomic
functions as breathing, heart
rate, and digestion.

16. Spinal cord
• The spinal cord is a long, thin,
tubular bundle of nervous tissue
and support cells that extends
from the brain (the medulla
oblongata specifically). The
brain and spinal cord together
make up the central nervous
system. The spinal cord begins at
the upper border of cervical 1st
vertebra and extends down to
the space between the first and
second lumbar vertebrae; it does
not extend the entire length of
the vertebral column. It is
around 45 cm (18 in) in men and
around 43 cm (17 in) long in
women

17. Spinal cord• The spinal cord is protected by three layers of tissue,
called spinal meninges, that surround the canal. The
dura mater is the outermost layer, and it forms a
tough protective coating. Between the dura mater
and the surrounding bone of the vertebrae is a space
called the epidural space and it contains a network
of blood vessels. The arachnoid mater is the middle
protective layer. Its name comes from the fact that
the tissue has a spiderweb-like appearance. The
space between the arachnoid and the underlyng pia
mater is called the subarachnoid space. The
subarachnoid space contains cerebrospinal
fluid(CSF). The pia mater is the innermost protective
layer. It is very delicate and it is tightly associated
with the surface of the spinal cord. The cord is
stabilized within the dura mater by the connecting
denticulate ligaments.

18. Spinal cord
• The terminal portion of the spinal cord
is called the conus medullaris. The pia
mater continues as an extension called
the filum terminale, which anchors the
spinal cord to the coccyx. The cauda
equina (“horse’s tail”) is the name for
the collection of nerves in the vertebral
column that continue to travel through
the vertebral column below the conus
medullaris. There are 13,500,000
neurons that transmit electro-chemical
signals in the spinal cord. The cord
weighs aproximately 35 grams. The
vertebral column (bones) that supports
it is about 70 cm long and has 31
segments and 31 pairs of spinal nerves.

19. Peripheral nervous system
The peripheral nervous system is consists of nerves .
OR
All the nerves of the body together make up the peripheral nervous
system.
It includes three types of nerves.
Spinal nerves : arises from spinal cord.(31 pairs)
Cranial nerves: arise from brain and spread throughout the
head.(12 pairs)
Visceral nerves : arise from the spinal cord and are connected to
the internal organs of the body.

20. Peripheral nervous system
Somatic neural
system
Autonomic neural
system
sympathetic
parasympathetic

21. Somatic neural system :It
relays impulses from the CNS
to the skeletal muscles.
Autonomic neural system : It
transmit impulses from the
CNS to the involuntary
organs and smooth muscles
of the body .It is self
governing nervous system.