Indian philosophy originated in ancient India and consists of several traditions of philosophical thought. It conceives of humans as spiritual beings related to a spiritual or metaphysical universe. Intuition, rather than intellect, is seen as the path to ultimate truth. The key schools of thought include orthodox Hindu schools like Nyaya, Vaisheshika, Samkhya, Yoga, Mimamsa and Vedanta as well as heterodox schools like Carvaka, Buddhism, and Jainism. Indian philosophy has developed over periods from the Vedic era to the modern day, addressing concepts like the nature of reality, the self, karma, rebirth, liberation and different paths to enlightenment.

1. INDIAN
PHILOSOPHY

2. Indian Philosophy
The term Indian philosophy may refer
to any of several traditions of
philosophical thought that originated in
India.
Indian philosophy conceives of man as
spiritual in nature, and relates him to a
spiritual or metaphysical concept of the
universe.
Intuition is often accepted as the only
method for knowing the ultimate truth;
truth is generally not “known”
intellectually but must be “realized.”

3. Common ideas in the
system of Indian
Philosophy
The reality of world
The reality of self
The law of Karma
Transmigration
Initial Pessimism and
Ultimate Optimism
Liberation

4. Outline of Indian Philosophy
 Vedic Period (2500 B.C. – 600 B.C.)
 Epic Period (600 B.C. – 200 A.D.)
 Sutra Period (200 A.D. – 600 A.D.)
 Scholarly Period (600 A.D. – 1700
A.D.)
 The Modern Period (1700 – present)

5. VEDIC PERIOD
The literature of this period,
though it was not captured in
writing until centuries later,
consist of the four Vedas:

6. Each Veda has four parts
Hymnal portion (mantras)
Ritual portion (brahmanas)
Forest teachings (aranyakas)
Philosophical portion (upanishads)
They were composed around 1500 B.C.

7. EPIC PERIOD
 This period is characterized by
the informal presentation of
philosophical doctrines through
nonsystematic literature, such as
the great epics, the Ramayana
and the Mahabharata.
 This period includes the rise of
Buddhism, Jainism, and the
concurrent beginnings of the
orthodox schools of Hinduism.

9. Sutra period
A period of orderly, systematic,
aphoristic, extremely brief and
enigmatic texts
 During this period, the
systematic treatises of each of
the various schools were
written, and the systems took
their basic forms.

10. Scholastic period
Scholastic Period gave rise to
interpretive commentaries
(bhāṣyas), which play a major
role in philosophical literature.
Produced the works of some of
the greatest Indian
philosophers, including
Samkara, Kumarila, Sridhara,
Ramanuja.

11. Schools of Indian
Philosophy
 Classical Indian philosophy
can be roughly categorized
into "orthodox" (astika)
schools of Hindu philosophy,
and "heterodox" (nāstika)
schools that do not accept the
authorities of the Vedas.

12. Orthodox school
 Nyaya, the school of logic
 Vaisheshika, the atomist school
 Samkhya, the enumeration school
 Yoga, the school of Patanjali (which assumes the metaphysics of
Samkhya)
 Purva Mimamsa (or simply Mimamsa), the tradition of Vedic
exegesis, with emphasis on Vedic ritual, and
 Vedanta (also called Uttara Mimamsa), the Upanishadic tradition,
with emphasis on Vedic philosophy.

13. Heterodox Schools
Carvaka- Carvaka is a materialistic, skeptical and
atheistic school of thought.
Budhist philosophy- non-theistic system of beliefs
based on the teachings of Siddhartha Gautama, an
Indian prince later known as the Buddha
Jain Philosophy- established by Mahavira in the 6th
Century .

14. Educational
Philosophy
 In the educational philosophy of
ancient India, respect for the
teacher was of supreme
importance.
 Education should be imparted in a
natural surroundings.
 The teacher, who imparted the
knowledge of Vedas was
considered as a pivot of the whole
educational system
 The four-fold Ashramas or life
stages (Brahmacharya,
Garhastya, Vanaprastha and
Sannyasa)

15. Varanasi, Banaras

16. Modern period
Mahatma Gandhi Swami Vivekananda
Rabindranath
Tagore
Sri Aurbindo

18. Swami Vivekananda Rock Memorial, Kanyakumari

19. Discussion
How is Indian Philosophy different from western
Philosophy?

20. References
 Indian Philosophy. Retrieved from
https://www.philosophybasics.com/general_eastern_indian.html.
 Indian philosophy. Retrieved from
https://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/indian_philosophy
 Historical development of Indian philosophy. Retrieved from
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Indian-philosophy/Historical-development-of-
Indian-philosophy
 Hiriyani.M (1994).Outlines of Indian Philosophy.29-155.
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PnN1bgqnUDc

21. Thankyou