Research, Research methods, types and research process

1. PRATIGYA DEUJA
RESEARCH

2. DEFINITION
A search for knowledge.
It’s a scientific and systematic search for pertinent
information on a specific topic.
According to the learner’s dictionary, “Research is
a careful investigation or inquiry specially through
search for new facts in any branch of knowledge.

3. DEFINITION
According to clifford woody, “Research comprises
defining and redefining problems, formulating
hypothesis or suggested solutions, collecting,
organizing and evaluating data, making
deductions and reaching conclusions and at last
carefully testing the conclusions to determine
whether they fit the formulating hypothesis.

4. OBJECTIVES
 To gain familiarity with a phenomenon or to achieve
new insights into it (studies with this object in view are
termed as exploratory or formulative research studies).
 To portray accurately the characteristics of a particular
individual, situation or a group (studies with this object
in view are known as descriptive research studies).

5. OBJECTIVES
 To determine the frequency with which
something occurs or with which it is associated
with something else (diagnostic research studies).
 To test a hypothesis of a causal relationship
between variables (hypothesis- testing research
studies).

6. TYPES OF RESEARCH
DESCRIPTIVE RESEARCH
 It includes surveys and fact finding enquiries.
 It exists at present and often used term as Ex post
facto research.
 The researcher has no control over the variables,
s/he can only report what happened/ what is
happening.
 Examples; Frequency of shopping, preferences of
people.
 All kind of survey methods are used including
comparative and correlational.

7. TYPES OF RESEARCH
ANALYTICAL RESEARCH
 The researcher has to use facts or information
already available, and analyze these to make critical
evaluation of the material.

8. TYPES OF RESEARCH
APPLIED RESEARCH
 Aim:- Finding a solution for an immediate problem
facing a society or an industrial/business
organization.
 Research concerning human behavior carried on
with a view to make a generalizations about human
behavior aiming at certain conclusions facing a
concrete social or business problem.
 Example; Marketing research, evaluation research

9. TYPES OF RESEARCH
FUNDAMENTAL RESEARCH
 Concerned with generalizations and with the
formulation of a theory.
 Research concerning some natural phenomenon or
relating to pure mathematics are examples of
fundamental research.

10. TYPES OF RESEARCH
QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH
 It is based on the measurement of quantity or
amount.
 It is applicable to phenomena that can be
expressed in terms of quantity.

11. TYPES OF RESEARCH
QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
 Phenomena relating to or involving quality or kind.
 Example:- Motivation research, Investigating the
reasons for human behavior.
 Aims- Discovering the underlying motives and
desires, using in depth interviews for the purpose.
 Example:-Attitude or opinion research

12. TYPES OF RESEARCH
CONCEPTUAL RESEARCH
 Related to some abstract ideas or theory.
 Used by philosophers and thinkers to develop new
concepts or to reinterpret existing ones.

13. TYPES OF RESEARCH
EMPIRICAL RESEARCH
 It relies on experience or observation alone, often
without due regard for system and theory.
 It is appropriate and considered to be the most
powerful support possible for given hypothesis.
 Example:- Experiment research

14. SOME OTHER TYPES OF RESEARCH
One type research or longitudinal research
Field setting/ laboratory/ Simulation research
Clinical or diagnostic research
Exploratory research
Historical research

15. RESEARCH TYPES AND METHODS
TYPE
• Library Research
METHODS
 Analysis of historical records
 Analysis of documents

16. RESEARCH METHODS
TYPE
• Field Research
METHODS
 Non- Participant (direct observation)
 Participant observation
 Mass observation
 Mail questionnaire
 Opinionnaire
 Personal interview
 Focused interview / Group interview
 Telephone survey
 Case study and life history

17. RESEARCH METHODS
Type
• Laboratory research
Methods
 Small group study of random
behavior, play and role analysis

18. RESEARCH PROCESS

19. REEFRENCES:-
Research Methodology by C.R. Kothari
Research Methodology : An Introduction by Wayne
Goddard, Stuart Melville