Eukaryotic translation is the biological process by which messenger RNA is translated into proteins in eukaryotes. It consists of four phases: gene translation, elongation, termination, and recapping.The broad outlines of eukaryotic protein synthesis are the same as in prokaryotic protein synthesis. The genetic code is generally the same (some microorganisms and eukaryotic mitochondria use slightly different codons), rRNA and protein sequences are recognizably similar, and the same set of amino acids is used in all organisms. However, specific differences exist between the two types of protein synthesis at all steps of the process

1. NAME: PRATIBHA SINGH

2. TOPIC:TRANSLATION
IN EUKARYOTES

3. What is translation in eukaryotic cell
Eukaryotic translation is the biological process by which
messenger RNA is translated into proteins in eukaryotes.
Eukaryotic translation occurs in cytoplasm.
Translation involves three major steps:
1. INITIATION
2. ELONGATION
3. TERMINATION

4. INITIATION
The initiation of translation in eukaryotes is complex,involving
atleast 10 eukaryotic factors(eIF) and divided into 4 steps:
a. Ribosomal dissociation
b. Formation of 43s preinitiation complex
c. Formation of 48s initiation complex
d. Formation of 80s initiation complex

5. ELONGATION
❏ Ribosomes elongate the polypeptide chain by a sequential addition of
amino acids.
❏ The amino acid sequence is determined by the order of the codons in
the specific mRNA.
❏ Elongation, a cyclic process involving certain elongation factors ( EF).
❏ Elongation may be divided into three steps:
a. Binding of aminoacyl t -RNA to A-site.
b. Peptide bond formation .
C. translocation.

6. TERMINATION
Translation termination in eukaryotes occurs in
response to a stop codon in the ribosomal A-site and
requires two release factors (RFs), eRF1 and eRF3,
which bind to the A-site as an eRF1/eRF3/GTP complex
with eRF1 responsible for codon recognition.