This document provides an introduction to statistics, including definitions and the importance of statistics in psychology and research. It discusses how statistics help with determining sample sizes, collecting and analyzing data, studying relationships between variables, and examining differences. The document outlines two main branches of statistical methods - descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. Descriptive statistics help organize, summarize, and present data through measures of distribution, central tendency, and variability or dispersion. Inferential statistics allows drawing conclusions about populations based on examining random samples.

1. INTRODUCTION
TO STATISTICS
Sit Dolor Amet

2. Statistics
Data collection Organising Interpreting

3. DEFINITION OS STATISTICS
• The word statistics has been derived from Latin word ‘status’ or
Italian ‘Statista’ meaning statesman.
• Professor Gott Fried Achenwall used it in the 18th century.
• During early period, these words were used for political state of the
region.
• The word ‘Statista’ was used to keep the records of census or data
related to wealth of a state. Gradually, its meaning and usage
extended and thereonwards its nature also changed.

4. CONTD..
• According to Selligman “Statistics is the science which deals with the
methods of collecting, classifying, presenting , comparing and
interpreting numerical data collected to throw some light on any
sphere of enquiry”.
• Croxton and Cowden defined “statistics as the collection ,
presentation, analysis ,and interpretation of numerical data”.

5. IMPORTANCE OF
STATISTICS IN
PSYCHOLOGY AND
RESEARCH

6. • Will lack of sleep affect the concentration of a student in class?
• People with high sensation seeking behaviour will score high on
openness to experience dimension in Big five?
• Students who have low self esteem will have high external locus of
control
• Are men or women more aggressive now – a- days?
• Children who watch action moves will develop aggressive behaviour
in later stages of development?

7. • In psychology, we are also confronted with enormous amounts of
data.
• How do changes in one variable impact other variables?
• Is there a way we can measure that relationship?
• What is the overall strength of that relationship and what does that
mean? Statistics allow us to answer these kinds of questions.

8. How statistics help a Researcher
• The most important part of a study is to select a sample
size which represent the population of the study,
statistics is used to determine the size of the sample.
• What kind of data is required for the study
• Which techniques will be used to analyze the data
• How to draw conclusion from the analyzed data
• What is the significance of the findings of the study and
how much uncertainty is there in the findings?

9. STATISTICS HELPS A PSYCHOLOGIST AS
BELOW:
• To determine a sample size
• Helps in data collection either primary or secondary data
• Tool development
• Study the relationship between variable
• Differences especially gender difference

10. BRANCHES OF
STATISTICAL
METHODS

11. DESCRIPTIVE
STATISTICS

13. EXPLANATION
• As the name itself implies, it helps us to describe the data in a more
informative manner.
• It is simple in nature.
• It helps in the following:
• Organize
• Summarize
• Present the data

15. POPULATION OF
INDIA IS 138
CRORES (2020)

16. HOW IT IS
PRESENTED
EASILY TO
PEOPLE?

21. Types of descriptive statistics
• There are 3 main types of descriptive statistics:
• The distribution concerns the frequency of each value.
• The central tendency concerns the averages of the
values.
• The variability or dispersion concerns how spread out
the values are.

22. Inferential
statistics

25. •Inferential statistics can be
defined as a field of statistics
that uses analytical tools for
drawing conclusions about a
population by examining
random samples .