L6 - Hazard Analysis.ppt

OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY &
HEALTH
HAZARD ANALYSIS
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR PRACHI DESSAI, DON BOSCO COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
D. L. GOETSCH; OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH FOR TECHNOLOGISTS; ENGINEERS
AND MANAGERS
1

DEFINITIONS
• Hazard - condition or combination of conditions
that, if left uncorrected, may lead to an accident,
illness, or property damage.
• A hazard analysis is a process used to assess
risk.
• The results of a hazard analysis is the
identification of unacceptable risks and the
selection of means of controlling or eliminating
them.
AND MANAGERS
2

TYPES OF HAZARD ANALYSIS
• Preliminary hazard analysis (PHA) is
conducted to identify potential hazards and
prioritize them according to the (1) likelihood of
an accident or injury being caused by the hazard
and (2) severity of injury, illness, or property
damage that could result if the hazard caused an
accident.
• Detailed hazard analysis involves the
application of analytical, inductive, and
deductive methods.
AND MANAGERS
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FAILURE MODE AND EFFECTS OF ANALYSIS
• FMEA proceeds as follows:
1. Critically examine the system in question.
2. Divide the system into its various components.
3. Examine each individual component and record all of the various ways in which the components
may fail.
4. Rate each potential failure according to the degree of hazard posed (0 No hazard, 1 Slight, 2
Moderate, 3 Extreme, 4 Severe 5- extremely severe).
5. Examine all potential failures for each individual component of the system and decide what effect
the failures could have.
AND MANAGERS
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AND MANAGERS
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HAZARD AND OPERABILITY REVIEW (HAZOP)
• Forming a team of experienced
• The safety and health professional should chair the team and
serve as a facilitator.
• The chair’s role is
 record the ideas of team members
 make sure that one member does not dominate or
intimidate other members
 encourage maximum participation from all members
 assist members in combining ideas where appropriate to
form better ideas.
AND MANAGERS
6

HAZARD AND OPERABILITY REVIEW (HAZOP)
• A HAZOP proceeds in a step-by-step manner. These steps are summarized as follows:
1. Select the process or system to be analyzed.
2. Form the team of experts.
3. Explain the HAZOP process to all team members.
4. Establish goals and timeframes.
5. Conduct brainstorming sessions.
6. Summarize all input
AND MANAGERS
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HAZOP TEAM
Name Alternative Role
Study Leader Chairman Experienced in HAZOP but not directly
involved in the design
Ensures that the method is followed carefully
Recorder Secretary Ensures that problems are documented and
recommendations are passed on
Designer Representative of the team who has
designed the process
To explain any design details and to provide
further information
User Representative who will be working
on the process
To consider it in use and question its
operability
Specialist - Some one with relevant Technical Knowledge
Maintainer - Some one concerned with maintenance
process
AND MANAGERS
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HUMAN ERROR ANALYSIS
• Predict human error, not to review what has occurred.
• Although the records of past accidents can be studied to identify trends that can, in turn, be used to
predict accidents, this should be done as part of an accident investigation.
• HEA should be used to identify hazards before they cause accidents.
• Two approaches to HEA can be effective:
(1) observing employees at work and noting hazards (the task analysis approach)
(2) actually performing job tasks to get a firsthand feel for hazards.
AND MANAGERS
9

TECHNIC OF OPERATIONS REVIEW
• Analysis method that allows supervisors and employees to work together to analyze workplace
accidents, failures, and incidents.
• STEPS TO CONDUCT TOR
 Establish the TOR team.
 Conduct a roundtable
 Identify one major systematic factor that led to, or played a significant role in, causing the accident or
incident.
 Use the group consensus to respond to a sequence of yes/no options
 Evaluate identified factors
 Develop corrective or preventive strategies for each factor..
AND MANAGERS
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FAULT TREE ANALYSIS
• Fault tree analysis (FTA) can be used to predict and prevent accidents or as an investigative tool after
the fact.
• A fault tree is built using special symbols, some derived from Boolean algebra.
• FTA analysis involves five steps:
 Define the undesired event to study.
 Obtain an understanding of the system.
 Construct the fault tree.
 Evaluate the fault .
 Control the hazards identified.
AND MANAGERS
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Other train
on track
Driver fails to apply
brakes approaching
danger signal
Hazard H1:
Train stop fails
Train travelling too fast
as approaches signal
Hazard H2:
Speed trap fails
Accident A1:
Collision occurs
Train passes
signal at danger
Automatic protection
system fails
Speed Trap
Failure
AND MANAGERS
13

OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND
HEALTH
JOB HAZARD ANALYSIS
AND MANAGERS
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JOB HAZARD ANALYSIS
 A job hazard analysis is a technique that
focuses on job tasks as a way to identify
hazards before they occur.
 It focuses on the relationship between the
worker, the task, the tools, and the work
environment.
 After uncontrolled hazards are identified, take
action to eliminate them or reduce risk.
AND MANAGERS
15

JOB HAZARD ANALYSIS
 Performing a job hazard analysis is one of the
best methods to develop safe work procedures
for the equipment that is operated.
 The JHA can also be used to train employees
in the hazards associated with task and what
control measures should be practiced.
AND MANAGERS
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JHA TEAM
 A Job Hazard Analysis requires the
cooperation of all parties involved that
includes:
 Safety Professional
 Engineers-Technical Advisor
 Supervisors-Frontline Personnel
responsible for making change
 Employee-Person most familiar with job
AND MANAGERS
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PRIORITIZATION OF JHA
 Jobs with the highest injury and illness rates
 Jobs that have the potential to cause serious injury
 Jobs in which one simple human error could cause
injury
 Jobs complex enough to have written instructions
 Jobs that are new to you facility
 Jobs that significantly had changes in process
technology or procedures
AND MANAGERS
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STEPS FOR JHA
1. Involve Employees
2. Review accident history
3. Conduct preliminary job review
4. Outline the steps or tasks
5. List, rank, and set priorities for hazardous jobs
AND MANAGERS
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INVOLVEMENT OF EMPLOYEES
 They have a unique understanding of the job, and this knowledge is invaluable for finding
hazards.
 Involving employees will help minimize oversights, ensure a quality analysis.
 Get workers to “buy in” to the solutions because they will share ownership
AND MANAGERS
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OUTLINE THE STEPS
 Watch the employee perform the job and list each step as the worker takes it.
 Be sure to record enough information to describe each job action without getting overly
detailed.
 Avoid making the breakdown of steps so detailed that it becomes unnecessarily long or so
broad that it does not include basic steps.
 Review the job steps with the employee to make sure you have not omitted something.
 Include the employee in all phases of the analysis—from reviewing the job steps and
procedures to discussing uncontrolled hazards and recommended solutions.
AND MANAGERS
21

IDENTIFYING THE HAZARDS
 A job hazard analysis is an exercise in detective work. Your goal is to discover the following:
 What can go wrong?
 What are the consequences?
 How could it arise?
 What are other contributing factors?
 How likely is it that the hazard will occur?
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AND MANAGERS
25

COMMON HAZARDS IN THE WORKPLACE
Stressor Hazard Type Hazard Type Hazard Type
Chemical Corrosive Fire
Explosion
Toxic
Electrical Shock Short Circuit Fire-Static
Mechanical Moving Parts Failure Noise
Pressure
Ergonomic Strain Human Error Fatigue
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COMMON HAZARDS IN THE WORKPLACE
Stressor Hazard Type Hazard Type Hazard
Type
Radiation Ionizing Non
Ionizing
Contact Struck By Struck Against Caught In
Environment Temp. Visibility Weather
Misc. Slips Trips Falls
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CONTROLLING THE HAZARDS
AND MANAGERS
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CONTROLLING THE HAZARDS
 The most effective controls are engineering controls that physically change a machine or
work environment to prevent employee exposure to the hazard.
 The more reliable or less likely a hazard control can be circumvented, the better.
 If this is not feasible, administrative controls may be appropriate.
 This may involve changing how employees do their jobs.
AND MANAGERS
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ADMINISTRATIVE CONTROLS
Administrative controls include the following:
 Written operating procedures, work permits, and safe work practices;
 Exposure time limitations (used most commonly to control heat stress and ergonomic
hazards);
 Monitoring the use of highly hazardous materials;
 Alarms, signs, and warnings;
 Buddy system; and training
AND MANAGERS
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PPE
Personal Protective Equipment is acceptable as a control method in the following circumstances:
 When engineering controls are not feasible or do not totally eliminate the hazard;
 While engineering controls are being developed;
 When safe work practices do not provide sufficient additional protection; and
 During emergencies when engineering controls may not be feasible.
AND MANAGERS
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L6 - Hazard Analysis.ppt

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