Occupational safety and health (OSH), also commonly referred to as occupational health and safety (OHS), occupational health, or occupational safety, is a multidisciplinary field concerned with the safety, health, and welfare of people at work (i.e. in an occupation). These terms also refer to the goals of this field, so their use in the sense of this article was originally an abbreviation of occupational safety and health program/department etc.

1. OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY & HEALTH
ON SITE AND OFF SITE EMERGENCY
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR PRACHI DESSAI, DON BOSCO COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
D. L. GOETSCH; OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH FOR TECHNOLOGISTS; ENGINEERS
AND MANAGERS
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2. STATUTORY PROVISION
 Under Section 41(B) (4) every occupier is to prepare On-
site Emergency Plan and detailed disaster control measures
for his factory.
 Rule 13 of the Manufacture, Storage and Import of
Hazardous Chemicals Rules 1989
 the occupier shall prepare and keep up to date On-
site Emergency plan
 name of the persons who is responsible for safety on
the site and names of those who are authorized to
take action
D. L. GOETSCH; OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH FOR TECHNOLOGISTS; ENGINEERS
AND MANAGERS
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3. EMERGENCY
 is one, which has the potential to cause serious
injury or loss of life or environment disruption.
 Cause extensive damage to property and
serious disruption, both inside and outside the
works.
 Require the assistance of emergency services
to handle it effectively.
 Normal patterns of life is disrupted.
D. L. GOETSCH; OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH FOR TECHNOLOGISTS; ENGINEERS
AND MANAGERS
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4. CAUSES OF EMERGENCY
NATURE : earthquake, droughts, floods
VIOLENCE : war, armed conflict, sabotage
DETERIORATION : environment degradation
FAILURES: equipment, plant, fire, leakage
D. L. GOETSCH; OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH FOR TECHNOLOGISTS; ENGINEERS
AND MANAGERS
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5. TYPES OF EMERGENCY PLANS :
 On-site plan : This will be the responsibility of
the works management to formulate it. Plan
must therefore be specific to the site.
 Off-site plan : This will the responsibility of
district emergency authority to integrate plans.
Plan must therefore be specific to the area.
D. L. GOETSCH; OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH FOR TECHNOLOGISTS; ENGINEERS
AND MANAGERS
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6. OBJECTIVES OF EMERGENCY PLANS
 To localize the emergency, and if possible to eliminate it.
 To minimize the effects on people, property and environment.
 Minimising the effects may include rescue, first aid, evacuation, Rehabilitation and prompt
communication to people living nearby
D. L. GOETSCH; OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH FOR TECHNOLOGISTS; ENGINEERS
AND MANAGERS
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7. FACTORS HAVE TO BE TAKEN INTO CONSIDERATION
 Prevention
 Anticipation
 Analysis
 Scenarios
 Engineering and Design.
 Preparedness
 Policy
 Procedures
 Performance
 Practice.
 Response - Reaction to an incident
D. L. GOETSCH; OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH FOR TECHNOLOGISTS; ENGINEERS
AND MANAGERS
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8. ON-SITE EMERGENCY PLAN
 Assessment of the size and nature of the events foreseen and the probability of their occurrence:
 Formulation of the plan and liaison with outside authorities, including the emergency services:
 Procedures:
Raising the alarm
Communications both within and outside the works:
 Appointment of key personnel and their duties and responsibilities:
Works incident controller
Works main controller
 Emergency control center
 Action on site
 Action off site.
D. L. GOETSCH; OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH FOR TECHNOLOGISTS; ENGINEERS
AND MANAGERS
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9. OFF SITE EMERGENCY PLAN
 Is an-integral part of any major hazard control system.
 Based on those accidents, which could affect people and the environment outside the works.
 Based on those events which are most likely to occur.
 A good off-site emergency plan has the flexibility in its application to emergencies other than those
specifically included in the formation of the plan.
D. L. GOETSCH; OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH FOR TECHNOLOGISTS; ENGINEERS
AND MANAGERS
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10. MAIN ELEMENTS OF ON-SITE EMERGENCY PLANS
 Leadership and Administration.
 Role and Responsibilities of Key Personnel.
 Emergency action.
 Light and Power.
 Source of energy control.
 Protective and rescue equipment.
 Communication.
 Medical care.
 Mutual Aid.
 Public relation.
 Protection of vital records.
 Training.
 Periodical revision of plan.
D. L. GOETSCH; OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH FOR TECHNOLOGISTS; ENGINEERS
AND MANAGERS
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11. ASSEMBLY POINTS
 A safe place far away from the plant should be pre determined as
assembly point where in case of emergency personnel evacuated
from the affected areas are to be assembled.
 The plant workers, contract workers and visitors should assemble
in assembly point in case of emergency and the time office clerk
should take their attendance so as to assess the missing persons
during emergency
D. L. GOETSCH; OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH FOR TECHNOLOGISTS; ENGINEERS
AND MANAGERS
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12. THE KEY PERSONNEL FOR ONSITE EMERGENCY
The Key Personnel for onsite emergency:-
 Works Main Controller.
 Works Incident Controller.
 Other Key Officers
 Communication Officer.
 Security and Fire Officer.
 Telephone Operators.
 Medical Officer.
 Personnel/Administrative Officer.
 Essential work team leaders.
D. L. GOETSCH; OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH FOR TECHNOLOGISTS; ENGINEERS
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13. ALARM SYSTEM
 Alarm system varies and will depend on the
size of the works area –
 simple fire bell,
 hand operated siren
 break open type,
 fire alarm etc.
 Automatic alarm may be needed for
highly hazardous nature of plant.
D. L. GOETSCH; OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH FOR TECHNOLOGISTS; ENGINEERS
AND MANAGERS
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14. COMMUNICATION SYSTEM
 Communication is a key component to control
an emergency. The following communication
system may be provided in the plant-
 Walky-Talky.
 Telephone (internal & external).
 Cell phone.
 Intercom/paging.
 Runners (verbal or written messages).
D. L. GOETSCH; OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH FOR TECHNOLOGISTS; ENGINEERS
AND MANAGERS
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15. SIREN FOR EMERGENCY
 Siren for emergency should be different
from the normal siren.
 The emergency siren should be audible to
a distance of 5 KM radius.
 The emergency siren should be used only
in case of emergency.
D. L. GOETSCH; OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH FOR TECHNOLOGISTS; ENGINEERS
AND MANAGERS
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16. ESCAPE ROUTE
 The escape route from each and every
plant should be clearly marked.
 The escape route is the shortest route to
reach out of the plant area to open area,
which leads to assembly point.
 This route should be indicated on the
layout plan attached to the On-site
Emergency Plan.
D. L. GOETSCH; OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH FOR TECHNOLOGISTS; ENGINEERS
AND MANAGERS
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17. ON-SITE EMERGENCY PLAN
 Site plan and topographic contain plan.
 Plan showing the fire fighting facilities.
 Plan showing hazardous material storage area.
 Material safety data sheets for hazardous
chemicals.
 Facilities available in main control center.
 List of emergency equipment.
D. L. GOETSCH; OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH FOR TECHNOLOGISTS; ENGINEERS
AND MANAGERS
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18. ON-SITE EMERGENCY PLAN
 List of Safety Equipment.
 List of important telephone numbers and
addresses.
 Nearest hospitals and ambulance service
center.
 Nearest fire station.
 Govt. Officials.
 Transport provider.
 Names and address & contact telephone
number of Key Personnel.
D. L. GOETSCH; OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH FOR TECHNOLOGISTS; ENGINEERS
AND MANAGERS
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