D, Pharmacy this presentation helpful for the diploma pharmacy student it include blood cells, plasma, coagulation, blood group- ABO system, blood disorder. this presentation is also helpful for diploma teachers.

1. CIRCULATORY
SYSTEM
Presented By : Miss. Kate P.D.

2. BLOOD
DEFINATION - Blood is the fluid connective tissue which is
circulated in all over the body.

3. COMPOSITION OF BLOOD

4. PLASMA
Definition - Plasma is slightly yellow colored alkaline fluid.

5. ERYTHROCYTES ( RBC )
RBCs are biconcave, circular, disc shaped, non-nucleated cells.
They appear red in color.
RBCs produced in red bone marrow and that process is known as “ Erythropoiesis’’
NORMAL COUNT OF RBC IN HUMAN BEING –
MALE- 5-5.5 millions/ cumm
FEMALE- 4-4.5 millions/ cumm

6. HAEMOGLOBIN
RBCs consist of hemoglobin.
It is made up from two parts- 1.protien part - globin
2. non protein part- heme (iron)
Iron impart red color to RBCs.
NORMAL COUNT- IN MALE- 16-18 mg/dl
IN FEMALE-12-14 mg/dl
IN CHILD-18-20 mg/dl

7. LEUKOCYTES (WBC)
Wbcs does not have particular shape.
Wbcs are of two types- 1. Granulocytes
2. Agranulocytes
Wbcs are nucleated cell.
FUNCTION- It engulf foreign material.
NORMAL COUNT OF WBC IN HUMAN BEING –
5000-10000 /cumm

8. THROMBOCYTES(platelets)
FUNCTION – They help in coagulation of blood during injury .
- The maintenance of hemostasis
Normal count- 3-4 lacks/ cumm

9. BLOOD GROUP (ABO system)

10. Significance of blood group
The importance of blood grouping during pregnancy
• Blood typing is particularly important for pregnant women, as blood
groups are hereditary and can be passed from either the mother or
father. In cases where the father of the baby has the RhD positive
blood group and the mother of the baby has the RhD negative
blood group, the baby may be RhD positive which can cause
compatibility issues. If the baby has the RhD positive blood group, it
may cause medical complications. In this case a special drug is
administered to the mother to stop the mother’s body producing
antibodies against the baby’s blood cells. The importance of blood
grouping in transfusions
The importance of blood grouping during transfusion
• The accurate grouping of blood is very important when it comes to
having a blood transfusion. If blood is given to a patient that has a
blood type that is incompatible with the blood type of the blood
that the patient receives, it can cause intravenous clumping in the
patient’s blood which can be fatal. The patient’s body can start
producing antibodies that attack the antigens on the blood cells in
the blood that was given to the patient, causing reaction and
rejection.

11. Blood Clotting Mechanism

12. Significance
• Bleeding time- The time required for cessation
of bleeding is called bleeding time.
• Normal value- 1-4 min.
• Clotting Time- It is the time period between
the movement of escape of blood outside the
vessel and moment of development of fibrin
thread.
• Normal Value- 3-6 min.

13. Factor affecting coagulation of blood
Enhancing blood coagulation-
• Excess temperature
• Contact of blood with rough surface
• Slowness of blood flow
Reducing blood coagulation-
• Low temperature
• Contact of blood with smooth surface
• Presence of sodium and potassium citrate

14. Blood Related Disorders
• Erythrocytosis- increase RBCs count
• Anemia-Decreases RBCs count
• Leukocytosis- increase WBCs count
• Leukemia- Decreases WBCs count
• Thrumbocytosis- Increases platelets count
• Thrombocytopenia- Decreases platelets count
• Sickle cell anaemia-A group of disorders that
cause red blood cells to become misshapen
and break down.