The Carbon Flatland

1. GRAPHENE
THE CARBON FLATLAND
Dresden, 06.12.2016
Chava, Phanish

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Overview
- Introduction
- Timeline
- Synthesis
- Crystal Structure
- Properties
- Band Structure
- Applications

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Meet Graphene!
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0fbQX5VJmew

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Timeline of Graphene

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Synthesis
https://www.degruyter.com/view/j/ntrev.ahead-of-print/ntrev-2015-0059/
graphic/j_ntrev-2015-0059_fig_001.jpg

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Structure & Bonding
- two interleaving triangular
lattices
- one σ bond with each of its
three neighbors and one π-
bond that is oriented out of
plane
- C-C bond length ~ 0.14 nm
http://image.slidesharecdn.com/
graphene-140415190703-phpapp01/95/graphene-
ppt-3-638.jpg?cb=1397588993

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Mother of Graphitic Forms
http://www.nature.com/nmat/journal/v6/n3/images/nmat1849-f1.jpg

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Why Graphene?
-thinnest imaginable material
-strongest material ever measured
-stiffest known material
-most stretchable crystal
-record thermal conductivity
-highest current density at room temperature
-highest intrinsic mobility
-lightest charge carriers
-longest mean free path at room temperature
-most impermeable
-…

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Mind the Gap!
http://toutestquantique.fr/en/graphene/

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Mind the Gap!
http://toutestquantique.fr/en/graphene/

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Electronic Band Structure
http://exciting.wdfiles.com/local--files/boron10-graphene-from-the-ground-state-to-excitations/graphene-2.png

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Tight-binding Approximation
-closely related to the LCAO method
-used for the calculation of electronic band structure
for various solids
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Cnt_zz_v3.gifhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphene#/media/
File:Cnt_gnrarm_v3.gif

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Anomalous Integer QHE
σ undergoes quantum Hall transitions to take on the quantized values
σ - hall conductance
v - filling factor
What’s anomalous with Graphene?
N - Landau Level(Integer)
- The result of graphene’s electrons half filled Landau level leads to +1/2
- Double spin degeneracies adds factor 4.

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Applications
http://www.graphene.manchester.ac.uk/explore/the-applications/
&
much more

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Membranes
http://www.graphene-info.com/files/graphene/images/simulated-nanoporous-graphene-filtering-salt-ions.jpg

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Composites
https://c2.staticflickr.com/
4/3261/3360821420_8efed7a9c8_z.jpg?
zz=1http://www.graphene-uses.com/wp-
content/uploads/2015/09/Graphene-
paint-ultra-strong-and-anti-corrosion-
e1441458664127.jpg
http://img.tennis-warehouse.com/reviews/GPP-3.jpg

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Energy
http://g3ar.co.za/wp-
content/uploads/2012/03/
Graphene-battery.jpg
http://www.nanalyze.com/2015/01/zapgo-a-
graphene-supercapacitor-for-mobile-phones/

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Biomedical
http://cdn.phys.org/newman/gfx/news/
hires/2016/1-ibscreatesaw.png
- targeted drug delivery
- smart implants
- ultrasensitive biosensors

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Electronics
http://grapheneus.com/wp-content/
uploads/2013/10/foldable-
electronics-2.jpg
http://www.graphene.manchester.ac.uk/media/
eps/graphene/explore/applications/Wearable-
Technology-01_500x295.jpg
https://www.extremetech.com/
wp-content/uploads/2013/02/
intel-silverthorne-die-on-tukwila-
wafer-640x426.jpg
http://www.aerogelgraphene.com/
wp-content/uploads/2015/09/
graphene-solar-cell.jpg

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References
-P. R. Wallace, Phys. Rev., The Band Theory of Graphite, 1947
-Geim, A. (2009). "Graphene: Status and Prospects". Science. 324
-Neto, A Castro; Peres, N. M. R.; Novoselov, K. S.; Geim, A. K.; Geim, A. K.
(2009). "The electronic properties of graphene”
-Geim, A. K.; MacDonald, A. H. (2007). "Graphene: Exploring carbon flatland".
Physics Today. 60
-Geim, A. K.; Novoselov, K. S. (2007). "The rise of graphene". Nature Materials.
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-www.wikipedia.orggraphene
-www.wikipedia.orgquantum+hall+Effect

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Thanks a lot for your attention!
Questions?
06.12.2016 Graphene - The Carbon Flatland