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Alzheimer’s Disease
1
Alzheimer’s Disease is the Most Significant Emerging Public Health Concern
Pearl Craig
College Prep English IV(H)/English 101
TenBarge
October 14, 2016
Alzheimer’s Disease
2
Thesis Statement: Despite groundbreaking research and discussion on Alzheimer’s Disease,
scientists are far from finding a cure, making Alzheimer’s the most significant emerging public
health concern in the U.S today.
I. Counterargument/Rebuttal- There are other diseases with greater significance deserving
of greater attention
A. the leading cause of death in the U.S is heart disease, accounting for ​611,105
deaths​.Followed by cancer the 2nd leading cause of death in the U.S, accounting
for 591,699 deaths. (“Leading Causes of Death”.2016)the leading cause of death
in the U.S is heart disease, accounting for ​611,105 deaths​. ( “National Center for
Health Statistics”.2016).
B. the number of adults with diagnosed heart disease is 27.6 million, while the
number of adults who have ever been diagnosed with cancer is 20.3 million.
(“National Center for Health Statistics”.2016).
C. The CDC estimated the total costs of heart disease to be $207 billion annually.
(“Heart Disease Fact Sheet”. 2016). In 2010 alone, cancer care cost was $157
billion. (“Chronic Disease Overview”.2016).
II. The generic treatment and understanding of Alzheimer’s Disease, illustrates progress still to
be made in the discussion of Alzheimer’s
A. According to the National Institute on Aging “​Alzheimer’s disease is complex, and it is
unlikely that any one drug or other intervention can successfully treat it. Current
approaches focus on helping people maintain mental function, manage behavioral
symptoms, and slow or delay the symptoms of disease ”​(“Alzheimer's Disease Fact
Sheet”.2016).
B. Healthline News​,​ states that much of the research on Alzheimer’s diseases is directed
towards the amyloid and tau proteins whose deformation is now known to play a key role
in the presence of Alzheimer​’​s but scientists are still struggling to find the cause of the
deformation in the protein.​(​Barclay, R. S. 2015)
C. According to Mayo Clinic​, ​exercising and intaking ​various herbal mixtures, vitamins and
other supplements such as vitamin E, ginkgo, omega 3 fatty acids​,​ and curcumin are
widely promoted as preparations that may support cognitive health or prevent or delay
Alzheimer's but no strong evidence show the effe​ctiveness of any of these
supplements.​(​“​Alzheimer’s disease​”.​2015)
III. ​The economic tolls Alzheimer’s holds in the U.S
A. In 2016​,​ the Alzheimer’s Association reported the direct cost of Alzheimer’s and other
forms of dementia to be an estimated $236 billion.(​“​Alzheimer's Disease​”.​ 2016)
B. The Washington Post put the cost of caring for Alzheimer’s patients into better
perspective by stating, “In the three seconds it takes you to read this sentence, taxpayers
will have spent more than $15​,​000 to care for people with Alzheimer’s disease and other
dementias. Within the hour, the cost will reach $18.3 million.​”​ (“​Alzheimer’s disease:
America’s public health crisis”.2016)
C. According to healthline news​, ​in 2015 the NIH was projected to spend $586 million on
Alzheimer’s research funding​,​ however​, ​falling short of the projected $2 billion needed
for annual research funding to stay on track to meet the 2025 prevention and treatment
goal for Alzheimer’s​(“​Alzheimer’s Disease​: What Stands Between Us and a Cure?” 2015).
Alzheimer’s Disease
3
IV. ​Effects of the disease on caregivers and family members
A. The Alzheimer’s Association recorded 18.l million unpaid hours provided by 15.9
million caregivers nationwide, an economic estimated value of $221.3 billion.
(“Alzheimer's Disease”. 2016).
B. Dr. Jon LaPook from​ ​CBS News sat down with Mike Daly,73, who is caring for his wife
Carol. Mike explains that if he were to retire he couldn’t afford to take care of his wife
and he feels obligated to do so. He explains the emotional toll, saying, “I’m dying, I
really think I am, my blood pressure is like 200 over a 100. They wanted to put me in the
hospital. I can’t go in the hospital… What do I do with Carol?” (​Lapook, J. 2016, March
31)
C. The Alzheimer’s Association, reported, “60 percent of Alzheimer's and dementia
caregivers rate the emotional stress of caregiving as high or very high; about 40 percent
suffer from depression. One in five care contributors cut back on their own doctor visits
because of their care responsibilities. And, among caregivers, 74 percent report they are
‘somewhat’ to ‘very’ concerned about maintaining their own health since becoming a
caregiver.” ​(“Alzheimer's Disease”. 2016)
V. ​The prevalence and progression in deaths due to Alzheimer's is continuing to increase rather
than decrease.
A. In 2016, the Alzheimer’s Association estimated 700.000 people in the U.S will die with
Alzheimer’s, although Alzheimer’s is not the underlying cause of death in all those cases,
many of the deaths are associated with Alzheimer’s, meaning they would not have died if
they did not have Alzheimer’s disease (“Alzheimer's Disease”. 2016)
B. The Alzheimer’s Association revealed that from the year 2000 to 2013, the death rate
increased 23 percent for people age 75 to 84, and 39 percent for people age 85 and older.
(“Alzheimer's Disease”. 2016)
C. According to the Alzheimer’s foundation of America, the presence of alzheimer’s
disease doubles every five years after the age of 65. (“​About Alzheimer’s
Disease”.2016).
VI. Call to action in the fight against Alzheimer’s
A. In 2011, President Barack Obama signed into law the National Alzheimer's Project Act,
headed by U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. The project had 5 main goals
in mind: prevent and effectively treat Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias by
2025; enhance care quality and efficiency; expand supports for people with Alzheimer's
Disease and Related Dementias and their families; enhance public awareness and
engagement;t rack progress and drive improvement. (“National ​PLAN TO ADDRESS
ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE: 2016 UPDATE”.2016​)
B. According to the Alzheimer’s Association, In 2012, an expert panel of scientists
concluded that an increase of $2 billion in annual Alzheimer’s research funding is
necessary to meet the 2025 goal for the prevention and effective treatment of
Alzheimer’s stated in the National Alzheimer’s Plan. However, in 2015, the NIH only
spent a projected $586 million on research funding.(“Alzheimer's Disease”. 2016)
C. The Alzheimer’s Association identifies ways to join the fight as: becoming an advocate
by pledging to support the Alzheimer’s association; donating; volunteering for local
events; participating in various fundraising events like, the Walk to End Alzheimer’s, the
Alzheimer’s Disease
4
Longest Day, Flag football game; or just simply staying informed. (“Alzheimer's
Disease”. 2016).
Alzheimer’s Disease is a progressive brain disorder that disrupts the daily functions of
the human brain.(“Alzheimer’s disease”.2015). Patients suffer from memory loss, behavioral and
mood changes, and loss of the ability to carry out daily functions. Drugs have been administered
to treat symptoms relating to memory loss, confusion, thinking, and behavior, but there is no
drug for the prevention or cure for Alzheimer’s. Despite groundbreaking research and discussion
on Alzheimer’s Disease, scientists are far from finding a cure, making Alzheimer’s the most
significant emerging public health concern in the U.S today.
Although Alzheimer’s is a serious disease, there are arguably other diseases with greater
significance, deserving of greater attention. For instance, cancer and heart disease accounts for
most of the deaths in the United States annually. According to the Centers for Disease Control
and Prevention, in 2014 the leading cause of death in the U.S was heart disease, accounting for
611,105 deaths, followed by ​cancer, accounting for 591,699 deaths. (“Leading Causes of
Death”.2016). Cancer and heart disease do indeed cause a lot deaths, but of the top ten leading
causes of death in the United States, Alzheimer’s is the only one that does not have any
preventive measures or even an effective form of treatment. ​The attention should be placed on
Alzheimer’s rather than heart disease or cancer because health professionals know how to treat
and prevent cancer and heart disease.​ Evidently, not as many people die from cancer and heart
disease than they used to 20 years ago.(“QuickStats: Age-Adjusted Death Rates”. 2014).
Additionally, cancer and heart disease are more prevalent because more people are diagnosed
with heart disease and cancer, than Alzheimer’s. The Center for Disease Control and Prevention
states that the number of adults diagnosed with heart disease is 27.6 million, while the number of
Alzheimer’s Disease
5
adults who have been diagnosed with cancer is 20.3 million. (“National Center for Health
Statistics”.2016). Despite the millions of people who have cancer or heart disease, it​ is important
to recognize, that of the 20.3 million people diagnosed with cancer and the 27.6 million people
with heart disease, each accounted for only ​591,699 deaths and 611,105 deaths, respectively, in
2014. It is true that more people in the U.S do have cancer or heart disease, t​he death rate goes
down for those suffering the from the top 2 leading causes of death in the U.S, while those
suffering from Alzheimer’s have an increased death rate.(“Change in number of Deaths”. 2016).
Furthermore, it is evident that cancer and heart disease have a significant economic toll over the
nation. The CDC estimated the total costs of heart disease to be $207 billion annually. (“Heart
Disease Fact Sheet”. 2016). In 2010 alone, cancer care cost was $157 billion. (“Chronic Disease
Overview”.2016). Cancer and Heart disease cost the nation a lot of money but Alzheimer’s
disease cost more than each of those annually and only about 5 million people in the U.S today
even have Alzheimer’s.​ The question will arise as to why the focus should be on Alzheimer’s
disease when it’s not affecting as many people as the other diseases. The fact of the matter is ​the
U.S population will only continue to age, meaning more and more people will continue to die of
Alzheimer’s if the progress of Alzheimer’s research remains as it is, thus urging Alzheimer’s as
the most significant emerging public health concern. Surely, Alzheimer’s disease is the most
significant emerging public health concern, above that of heart disease and cancer.
The generic treatment and understanding of Alzheimer’s Disease, illustrates the progress
still to be made in the discussion of Alzheimer’s, further aiding to the argument that it is the most
significant public health concern. The treatment used to target Alzheimer's has been rather
ineffectual because it does not treat the disease. ​According to the National Institute on Aging
Alzheimer’s Disease
6
“​Alzheimer’s disease is complex, and it is unlikely that any one drug or other intervention can
successfully treat it. Current approaches focus on helping people maintain mental function,
manage behavioral symptoms, and slow or delay the symptoms of disease ”​(“Alzheimer's
Disease Fact Sheet”.2016). Since scientists do not necessarily know how to target Alzheimer's
disease, treatments are based more on helping patients manage their symptoms and live more
comfortably. That form of treatment, although better than no treatment at all, does not give any
assurance to the millions of people affected by Alzheimer's nationwide. Moreover, scientists
have a hard time pinpointing prevention and treatment methods for Alzheimer’s patients because
of the numerous known and unknown factors that cause Alzheimer’s. Healthline News, states
that much of the research on Alzheimer’s diseases is directed towards the amyloid and tau
proteins whose deformation is now known to play a key role in the presence of Alzheimer’s but
scientists are still struggling to find the cause of the deformation in the protein.​(​Barclay, R. S.
2015)​.These two deformities cause brain cells to degenerate and die, essentially shrinking the
brain. Scientists understand the effect that beta-amyloid and tau protein have on the brain, but the
proteins themselves are another mystery filled with complexities that scientists are working hard
to understand which is quintessential in successfully treating and preventing Alzheimer’s. Also,
the only preventive methods that health professionals have as advice to those at risk of
Alzheimer’s, is merely maintaining the well known general health tips. According to Mayo
Clinic, exercising and intaking ​various herbal mixtures, vitamins and other supplements such as
vitamin E, ginkgo, omega 3 fatty acids, and curcumin are widely promoted as preparations that
may support cognitive health or prevent or delay Alzheimer's but no strong evidence show the
effe​ctiveness of any of these supplements.​(“Alzheimer’s disease”.2015) The so-called preventive
Alzheimer’s Disease
7
treatment methods for Alzheimer’s Disease is not an actual known preventive method it is more
of a suggestion. Thus saying, patients should try to stop a progressive brain disorder with
exercise and vitamins, none of which have been proven to have any effect on patients with
Alzheimer’s disease. Again, the development in treatment and preventive methods for
Alzheimer’s are fairly mediocre discoveries and approaches to cure an alarming health concern
as such.
The significance of Alzheimer’s Disease in the U.S, is additionally exemplified by the
economic toll it holds over the nation. The cost of Alzheimer’s alone is more than both of the
two leading causes of death in America. In 2016, the Alzheimer’s Association reported the direct
cost of Alzheimer’s and other forms of dementia to be an estimated $236 billion.(“Alzheimer's
Disease”. 2016). The avenues of payment range from out-of-pocket expenses by the patient’s
family to private insurance companies to medicare and medicaid which takes a huge toll on the
U.S economy. Additionally, taxpayers budget for a lot of the Alzheimer’s costs. The Washington
Post put the cost of caring for Alzheimer’s patients into better perspective by stating, “In the
three seconds it takes you to read this sentence, taxpayers will have spent more than $15,000 to
care for people with Alzheimer’s disease and other dementias. Within the hour, the cost will
reach $18.3 million.​” (“​Alzheimer’s disease: America’s public health crisis”.2016). ​The costs of
caring for anyone with a fatal illness, especially Alzheimer’s, is extremely costly to the nation.
The emerging concerns associated with Alzheimer’s Disease have gotten so alarming that the
government has to take economic precautions to budget for the fight against Alzheimer’s.
According to healthline news, the NIH projected $2 billion is needed in funding annually to stay
on track to meet the 2025 prevention and treatment goal for Alzheimer’s(​Barclay, R. S. 2015).
Alzheimer’s Disease
8
Alzheimer’s disease does not only affect those in direct relation to the disease but the also affects
the national budget in the United States. It is important to recognize that not all diseases have a
set aside annual budget for research in the United states, especially one of such magnitude, that
form of attention is unique to only that of Alzheimer’s Disease.The economic toll Alzheimer’s
disease has on the American society is eminently clear.
The significance of Alzheimer’s disease can be expressed through the effects of the
disease on not only patients but caregivers and family members as well. Caregivers sacrifice
countless hours and money to care for Alzheimer’s patients. The Alzheimer’s Association
recorded 18.l million unpaid hours provided by 15.9 million caregivers nationwide, an economic
estimated value of $221.3 billion. ​(“Alzheimer's Disease”. 2016). The amount of unpaid time
put in to care for Alzheimer’s patients could nearly cover the national cost of Alzheimer’s
disease in 2016. Caregivers also fall victim to Alzheimer’s disease. They fall victim to the
sacrifice of time and income associated with caring for a loved one with Alzheimer’s. They fall
victim to the emotional toll of watching their loved one's mental decline. Dr. Jon LaPook from
CBS News sat down with Mike Daly,73, who is caring for his wife Carol. Mike explains that if
he were to retire he couldn’t afford to take care of his wife and he feels obligated to do so. He
explains the emotional toll, saying, “I’m dying, I really think I am, my blood pressure is like 200
over a 100. They wanted to put me in the hospital. I can’t go in the hospital… What do I do with
Carol?” (L​apook, J. Interviewer. & Daly, M. Interviewee. 2016, March 31.). Mike’s experience
is his own but many caregivers can relate to that same obligation of sacrifice. People often give
up their own needs to care for their family members with Alzheimer's disease. In fact, the
Alzheimer’s Association, reported, “60 percent of Alzheimer's and dementia caregivers rate the
Alzheimer’s Disease
9
emotional stress of caregiving as high or very high; about 40 percent suffer from depression. One
in five care contributors cut back on their own doctor visits because of their care responsibilities.
And, among caregivers, 74 percent report they are ‘somewhat’ to ‘very’ concerned about
maintaining their own health since becoming a caregiver.” ​(“Alzheimer's Disease”. 2016). The
toll Alzheimer’s disease has on caregivers is evident. There are nearly 16 million “Mike’s” out
there going through the same emotional and financial battle in caring for their loved ones. The
significance of the caregiver’s experience cannot be ignored, just like the mortality toll
Alzheimer’s has on the nation
The increased prevalence and progression in deaths due to Alzheimer's also aids to the
significance of the disease. As the population ages Alzheimer’s is becoming more prevalent. In
2016, the Alzheimer’s Association estimated 700.000 people in the U.S will die with
Alzheimer’s, although Alzheimer’s is not the underlying cause of death in all those cases, many
of the deaths are associated with Alzheimer’s, meaning they would not have died if they did not
have Alzheimer’s disease (“Alzheimer's Disease”. 2016). Alzheimer’s is like a plague that has
hit the older generation, more and more people will continue to die from Alzheimer’s disease if
treatment is not found. The older generation isn’t necessarily dying because they are old and they
are enduring the natural course of life. They are dying from Alzheimer’s; Alzheimer’s is killing
them unnaturally and uncomfortably. The rate of deaths due to Alzheimer's has continued to
increase over the years. The Alzheimer’s Association revealed that from the year 2000 to 2013,
the death rate increased 23 percent for people age 75 to 84, and 39 percent for people age 85 and
older. (​“2016 ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE FACTS AND FIGURES”. ​2016). So as time goes on,
more people that fall into the age category from 75 and older, are dying from Alzheimer’s. Age
Alzheimer’s Disease
10
is the leading risk factor for acquiring Alzheimer’s disease starting from the age 65 and older.
According to the Alzheimer’s foundation of America, the presence of alzheimer’s disease
doubles every five years after the age of 65. (“​About Alzheimer’s Disease”.2016). Scientist
cannot stop the population from aging; but with the right attention they can stop Alzheimer’s
from killing. People are going to age, it’s just in their nature, but their memories, lives, and
dignity should not be traded at the expense of living longer. The significance of Alzheimer’s is
not to be undermined.
A solution to Alzheimer’s disease will not come tomorrow or even the next day but
attention needs to be drawn to the disease and striving efforts need to be made to cause. The
government has made noteworthy efforts to add to the cause of Alzheimer's. ​In 2011, President
Barack Obama signed into law the National Alzheimer's Project Act, headed by U.S. Department
of Health and Human Services. The project had 5 main goals in mind: prevent and effectively
treat Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias by 2025; enhance care quality and efficiency;
expand supports for people with Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias and their families;
enhance public awareness and engagement;t rack progress and drive improvement.
(“NATIONAL PLAN TO ADDRESS ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE: 2016 UPDATE”.2016).
While the government is on the track for a solution to Alzheimer’s disease, no blockbuster
progressions have been identified or noted. Likewise, the same goes for the estimated budget to
cover research funding for Alzheimer’s disease. According to the Alzheimer’s Association, In
2012, an expert panel of scientists concluded that an increase of $2 billion in annual
Alzheimer’s research funding is necessary to meet the 2025 goal for the prevention and effective
treatment of Alzheimer’s stated in the National Alzheimer’s Plan. However, in 2015, the NIH
Alzheimer’s Disease
11
only spent a projected $586 million on research funding.(“Alzheimer's Disease”. 2016). To stay
on track in meeting the 2025 goal congress needs to step up. A considerable strong effort has
been made in the establishment of the 2025 goal but the ambition should be backed with the
stated intentions. Additionally, the government alone cannot be expected to solve the
Alzheimer’s mystery, there are steps the average person can take to add to the cause. The
Alzheimer’s Association identifies ways to join the fight as: becoming an advocate by pledging
to support the Alzheimer’s association; donating; volunteering for local events; participating in
various fundraising events like, the Walk to End Alzheimer’s, the Longest Day, Flag football
game; or just simply staying informed. (“Alzheimer's Disease”. 2016). There are ways to be
involved without being directly affected by the disease or having a career in the medical field.
Showing support for the cause will always be immensely valued as dedicated professionals fight
to make headway on this fast emerging public health concern. The magic bullet for the cure to
Alzheimer’s may not come overnight but progress will be made sequentially with the support
and attention from everyone.
The most significant emerging public health concern in the U.S today is Alzheimer’s
Disease. An argument can be made that other diseases are far more pressing or deserving of
attention but those claims are ultimately false. Scientists have made remarkable discoveries
about Alzheimer’s but they have not yet been reflected in the form of an effective treatment or
prevention method. The toll Alzheimer’s holds over the economy, caregivers, and population
proves the significance of Alzheimer’s. Joining the cause in unity and support for Alzheimer’s
patients could be the most valued solution there is. Alzheimer’s Disease is the most significant
public health concern in the U.S today.
Alzheimer’s Disease
12
References
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Alves, L. & Correia, A. S. A. & Miguel, R. & Alegria, P. & Bugalho, P. ( 2012).“Alzheimer’s
Disease: A Clinical Practice-Oriented Review”. National Center for Biotechnology
Information. retrieved 6 May 2016. from ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.
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News. retrieved 19 September 2016. from healthline.com.
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Alzheimersfinaldraft

  • 1. Alzheimer’s Disease 1 Alzheimer’s Disease is the Most Significant Emerging Public Health Concern Pearl Craig College Prep English IV(H)/English 101 TenBarge October 14, 2016
  • 2. Alzheimer’s Disease 2 Thesis Statement: Despite groundbreaking research and discussion on Alzheimer’s Disease, scientists are far from finding a cure, making Alzheimer’s the most significant emerging public health concern in the U.S today. I. Counterargument/Rebuttal- There are other diseases with greater significance deserving of greater attention A. the leading cause of death in the U.S is heart disease, accounting for ​611,105 deaths​.Followed by cancer the 2nd leading cause of death in the U.S, accounting for 591,699 deaths. (“Leading Causes of Death”.2016)the leading cause of death in the U.S is heart disease, accounting for ​611,105 deaths​. ( “National Center for Health Statistics”.2016). B. the number of adults with diagnosed heart disease is 27.6 million, while the number of adults who have ever been diagnosed with cancer is 20.3 million. (“National Center for Health Statistics”.2016). C. The CDC estimated the total costs of heart disease to be $207 billion annually. (“Heart Disease Fact Sheet”. 2016). In 2010 alone, cancer care cost was $157 billion. (“Chronic Disease Overview”.2016). II. The generic treatment and understanding of Alzheimer’s Disease, illustrates progress still to be made in the discussion of Alzheimer’s A. According to the National Institute on Aging “​Alzheimer’s disease is complex, and it is unlikely that any one drug or other intervention can successfully treat it. Current approaches focus on helping people maintain mental function, manage behavioral symptoms, and slow or delay the symptoms of disease ”​(“Alzheimer's Disease Fact Sheet”.2016). B. Healthline News​,​ states that much of the research on Alzheimer’s diseases is directed towards the amyloid and tau proteins whose deformation is now known to play a key role in the presence of Alzheimer​’​s but scientists are still struggling to find the cause of the deformation in the protein.​(​Barclay, R. S. 2015) C. According to Mayo Clinic​, ​exercising and intaking ​various herbal mixtures, vitamins and other supplements such as vitamin E, ginkgo, omega 3 fatty acids​,​ and curcumin are widely promoted as preparations that may support cognitive health or prevent or delay Alzheimer's but no strong evidence show the effe​ctiveness of any of these supplements.​(​“​Alzheimer’s disease​”.​2015) III. ​The economic tolls Alzheimer’s holds in the U.S A. In 2016​,​ the Alzheimer’s Association reported the direct cost of Alzheimer’s and other forms of dementia to be an estimated $236 billion.(​“​Alzheimer's Disease​”.​ 2016) B. The Washington Post put the cost of caring for Alzheimer’s patients into better perspective by stating, “In the three seconds it takes you to read this sentence, taxpayers will have spent more than $15​,​000 to care for people with Alzheimer’s disease and other dementias. Within the hour, the cost will reach $18.3 million.​”​ (“​Alzheimer’s disease: America’s public health crisis”.2016) C. According to healthline news​, ​in 2015 the NIH was projected to spend $586 million on Alzheimer’s research funding​,​ however​, ​falling short of the projected $2 billion needed for annual research funding to stay on track to meet the 2025 prevention and treatment goal for Alzheimer’s​(“​Alzheimer’s Disease​: What Stands Between Us and a Cure?” 2015).
  • 3. Alzheimer’s Disease 3 IV. ​Effects of the disease on caregivers and family members A. The Alzheimer’s Association recorded 18.l million unpaid hours provided by 15.9 million caregivers nationwide, an economic estimated value of $221.3 billion. (“Alzheimer's Disease”. 2016). B. Dr. Jon LaPook from​ ​CBS News sat down with Mike Daly,73, who is caring for his wife Carol. Mike explains that if he were to retire he couldn’t afford to take care of his wife and he feels obligated to do so. He explains the emotional toll, saying, “I’m dying, I really think I am, my blood pressure is like 200 over a 100. They wanted to put me in the hospital. I can’t go in the hospital… What do I do with Carol?” (​Lapook, J. 2016, March 31) C. The Alzheimer’s Association, reported, “60 percent of Alzheimer's and dementia caregivers rate the emotional stress of caregiving as high or very high; about 40 percent suffer from depression. One in five care contributors cut back on their own doctor visits because of their care responsibilities. And, among caregivers, 74 percent report they are ‘somewhat’ to ‘very’ concerned about maintaining their own health since becoming a caregiver.” ​(“Alzheimer's Disease”. 2016) V. ​The prevalence and progression in deaths due to Alzheimer's is continuing to increase rather than decrease. A. In 2016, the Alzheimer’s Association estimated 700.000 people in the U.S will die with Alzheimer’s, although Alzheimer’s is not the underlying cause of death in all those cases, many of the deaths are associated with Alzheimer’s, meaning they would not have died if they did not have Alzheimer’s disease (“Alzheimer's Disease”. 2016) B. The Alzheimer’s Association revealed that from the year 2000 to 2013, the death rate increased 23 percent for people age 75 to 84, and 39 percent for people age 85 and older. (“Alzheimer's Disease”. 2016) C. According to the Alzheimer’s foundation of America, the presence of alzheimer’s disease doubles every five years after the age of 65. (“​About Alzheimer’s Disease”.2016). VI. Call to action in the fight against Alzheimer’s A. In 2011, President Barack Obama signed into law the National Alzheimer's Project Act, headed by U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. The project had 5 main goals in mind: prevent and effectively treat Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias by 2025; enhance care quality and efficiency; expand supports for people with Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias and their families; enhance public awareness and engagement;t rack progress and drive improvement. (“National ​PLAN TO ADDRESS ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE: 2016 UPDATE”.2016​) B. According to the Alzheimer’s Association, In 2012, an expert panel of scientists concluded that an increase of $2 billion in annual Alzheimer’s research funding is necessary to meet the 2025 goal for the prevention and effective treatment of Alzheimer’s stated in the National Alzheimer’s Plan. However, in 2015, the NIH only spent a projected $586 million on research funding.(“Alzheimer's Disease”. 2016) C. The Alzheimer’s Association identifies ways to join the fight as: becoming an advocate by pledging to support the Alzheimer’s association; donating; volunteering for local events; participating in various fundraising events like, the Walk to End Alzheimer’s, the
  • 4. Alzheimer’s Disease 4 Longest Day, Flag football game; or just simply staying informed. (“Alzheimer's Disease”. 2016). Alzheimer’s Disease is a progressive brain disorder that disrupts the daily functions of the human brain.(“Alzheimer’s disease”.2015). Patients suffer from memory loss, behavioral and mood changes, and loss of the ability to carry out daily functions. Drugs have been administered to treat symptoms relating to memory loss, confusion, thinking, and behavior, but there is no drug for the prevention or cure for Alzheimer’s. Despite groundbreaking research and discussion on Alzheimer’s Disease, scientists are far from finding a cure, making Alzheimer’s the most significant emerging public health concern in the U.S today. Although Alzheimer’s is a serious disease, there are arguably other diseases with greater significance, deserving of greater attention. For instance, cancer and heart disease accounts for most of the deaths in the United States annually. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, in 2014 the leading cause of death in the U.S was heart disease, accounting for 611,105 deaths, followed by ​cancer, accounting for 591,699 deaths. (“Leading Causes of Death”.2016). Cancer and heart disease do indeed cause a lot deaths, but of the top ten leading causes of death in the United States, Alzheimer’s is the only one that does not have any preventive measures or even an effective form of treatment. ​The attention should be placed on Alzheimer’s rather than heart disease or cancer because health professionals know how to treat and prevent cancer and heart disease.​ Evidently, not as many people die from cancer and heart disease than they used to 20 years ago.(“QuickStats: Age-Adjusted Death Rates”. 2014). Additionally, cancer and heart disease are more prevalent because more people are diagnosed with heart disease and cancer, than Alzheimer’s. The Center for Disease Control and Prevention states that the number of adults diagnosed with heart disease is 27.6 million, while the number of
  • 5. Alzheimer’s Disease 5 adults who have been diagnosed with cancer is 20.3 million. (“National Center for Health Statistics”.2016). Despite the millions of people who have cancer or heart disease, it​ is important to recognize, that of the 20.3 million people diagnosed with cancer and the 27.6 million people with heart disease, each accounted for only ​591,699 deaths and 611,105 deaths, respectively, in 2014. It is true that more people in the U.S do have cancer or heart disease, t​he death rate goes down for those suffering the from the top 2 leading causes of death in the U.S, while those suffering from Alzheimer’s have an increased death rate.(“Change in number of Deaths”. 2016). Furthermore, it is evident that cancer and heart disease have a significant economic toll over the nation. The CDC estimated the total costs of heart disease to be $207 billion annually. (“Heart Disease Fact Sheet”. 2016). In 2010 alone, cancer care cost was $157 billion. (“Chronic Disease Overview”.2016). Cancer and Heart disease cost the nation a lot of money but Alzheimer’s disease cost more than each of those annually and only about 5 million people in the U.S today even have Alzheimer’s.​ The question will arise as to why the focus should be on Alzheimer’s disease when it’s not affecting as many people as the other diseases. The fact of the matter is ​the U.S population will only continue to age, meaning more and more people will continue to die of Alzheimer’s if the progress of Alzheimer’s research remains as it is, thus urging Alzheimer’s as the most significant emerging public health concern. Surely, Alzheimer’s disease is the most significant emerging public health concern, above that of heart disease and cancer. The generic treatment and understanding of Alzheimer’s Disease, illustrates the progress still to be made in the discussion of Alzheimer’s, further aiding to the argument that it is the most significant public health concern. The treatment used to target Alzheimer's has been rather ineffectual because it does not treat the disease. ​According to the National Institute on Aging
  • 6. Alzheimer’s Disease 6 “​Alzheimer’s disease is complex, and it is unlikely that any one drug or other intervention can successfully treat it. Current approaches focus on helping people maintain mental function, manage behavioral symptoms, and slow or delay the symptoms of disease ”​(“Alzheimer's Disease Fact Sheet”.2016). Since scientists do not necessarily know how to target Alzheimer's disease, treatments are based more on helping patients manage their symptoms and live more comfortably. That form of treatment, although better than no treatment at all, does not give any assurance to the millions of people affected by Alzheimer's nationwide. Moreover, scientists have a hard time pinpointing prevention and treatment methods for Alzheimer’s patients because of the numerous known and unknown factors that cause Alzheimer’s. Healthline News, states that much of the research on Alzheimer’s diseases is directed towards the amyloid and tau proteins whose deformation is now known to play a key role in the presence of Alzheimer’s but scientists are still struggling to find the cause of the deformation in the protein.​(​Barclay, R. S. 2015)​.These two deformities cause brain cells to degenerate and die, essentially shrinking the brain. Scientists understand the effect that beta-amyloid and tau protein have on the brain, but the proteins themselves are another mystery filled with complexities that scientists are working hard to understand which is quintessential in successfully treating and preventing Alzheimer’s. Also, the only preventive methods that health professionals have as advice to those at risk of Alzheimer’s, is merely maintaining the well known general health tips. According to Mayo Clinic, exercising and intaking ​various herbal mixtures, vitamins and other supplements such as vitamin E, ginkgo, omega 3 fatty acids, and curcumin are widely promoted as preparations that may support cognitive health or prevent or delay Alzheimer's but no strong evidence show the effe​ctiveness of any of these supplements.​(“Alzheimer’s disease”.2015) The so-called preventive
  • 7. Alzheimer’s Disease 7 treatment methods for Alzheimer’s Disease is not an actual known preventive method it is more of a suggestion. Thus saying, patients should try to stop a progressive brain disorder with exercise and vitamins, none of which have been proven to have any effect on patients with Alzheimer’s disease. Again, the development in treatment and preventive methods for Alzheimer’s are fairly mediocre discoveries and approaches to cure an alarming health concern as such. The significance of Alzheimer’s Disease in the U.S, is additionally exemplified by the economic toll it holds over the nation. The cost of Alzheimer’s alone is more than both of the two leading causes of death in America. In 2016, the Alzheimer’s Association reported the direct cost of Alzheimer’s and other forms of dementia to be an estimated $236 billion.(“Alzheimer's Disease”. 2016). The avenues of payment range from out-of-pocket expenses by the patient’s family to private insurance companies to medicare and medicaid which takes a huge toll on the U.S economy. Additionally, taxpayers budget for a lot of the Alzheimer’s costs. The Washington Post put the cost of caring for Alzheimer’s patients into better perspective by stating, “In the three seconds it takes you to read this sentence, taxpayers will have spent more than $15,000 to care for people with Alzheimer’s disease and other dementias. Within the hour, the cost will reach $18.3 million.​” (“​Alzheimer’s disease: America’s public health crisis”.2016). ​The costs of caring for anyone with a fatal illness, especially Alzheimer’s, is extremely costly to the nation. The emerging concerns associated with Alzheimer’s Disease have gotten so alarming that the government has to take economic precautions to budget for the fight against Alzheimer’s. According to healthline news, the NIH projected $2 billion is needed in funding annually to stay on track to meet the 2025 prevention and treatment goal for Alzheimer’s(​Barclay, R. S. 2015).
  • 8. Alzheimer’s Disease 8 Alzheimer’s disease does not only affect those in direct relation to the disease but the also affects the national budget in the United States. It is important to recognize that not all diseases have a set aside annual budget for research in the United states, especially one of such magnitude, that form of attention is unique to only that of Alzheimer’s Disease.The economic toll Alzheimer’s disease has on the American society is eminently clear. The significance of Alzheimer’s disease can be expressed through the effects of the disease on not only patients but caregivers and family members as well. Caregivers sacrifice countless hours and money to care for Alzheimer’s patients. The Alzheimer’s Association recorded 18.l million unpaid hours provided by 15.9 million caregivers nationwide, an economic estimated value of $221.3 billion. ​(“Alzheimer's Disease”. 2016). The amount of unpaid time put in to care for Alzheimer’s patients could nearly cover the national cost of Alzheimer’s disease in 2016. Caregivers also fall victim to Alzheimer’s disease. They fall victim to the sacrifice of time and income associated with caring for a loved one with Alzheimer’s. They fall victim to the emotional toll of watching their loved one's mental decline. Dr. Jon LaPook from CBS News sat down with Mike Daly,73, who is caring for his wife Carol. Mike explains that if he were to retire he couldn’t afford to take care of his wife and he feels obligated to do so. He explains the emotional toll, saying, “I’m dying, I really think I am, my blood pressure is like 200 over a 100. They wanted to put me in the hospital. I can’t go in the hospital… What do I do with Carol?” (L​apook, J. Interviewer. & Daly, M. Interviewee. 2016, March 31.). Mike’s experience is his own but many caregivers can relate to that same obligation of sacrifice. People often give up their own needs to care for their family members with Alzheimer's disease. In fact, the Alzheimer’s Association, reported, “60 percent of Alzheimer's and dementia caregivers rate the
  • 9. Alzheimer’s Disease 9 emotional stress of caregiving as high or very high; about 40 percent suffer from depression. One in five care contributors cut back on their own doctor visits because of their care responsibilities. And, among caregivers, 74 percent report they are ‘somewhat’ to ‘very’ concerned about maintaining their own health since becoming a caregiver.” ​(“Alzheimer's Disease”. 2016). The toll Alzheimer’s disease has on caregivers is evident. There are nearly 16 million “Mike’s” out there going through the same emotional and financial battle in caring for their loved ones. The significance of the caregiver’s experience cannot be ignored, just like the mortality toll Alzheimer’s has on the nation The increased prevalence and progression in deaths due to Alzheimer's also aids to the significance of the disease. As the population ages Alzheimer’s is becoming more prevalent. In 2016, the Alzheimer’s Association estimated 700.000 people in the U.S will die with Alzheimer’s, although Alzheimer’s is not the underlying cause of death in all those cases, many of the deaths are associated with Alzheimer’s, meaning they would not have died if they did not have Alzheimer’s disease (“Alzheimer's Disease”. 2016). Alzheimer’s is like a plague that has hit the older generation, more and more people will continue to die from Alzheimer’s disease if treatment is not found. The older generation isn’t necessarily dying because they are old and they are enduring the natural course of life. They are dying from Alzheimer’s; Alzheimer’s is killing them unnaturally and uncomfortably. The rate of deaths due to Alzheimer's has continued to increase over the years. The Alzheimer’s Association revealed that from the year 2000 to 2013, the death rate increased 23 percent for people age 75 to 84, and 39 percent for people age 85 and older. (​“2016 ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE FACTS AND FIGURES”. ​2016). So as time goes on, more people that fall into the age category from 75 and older, are dying from Alzheimer’s. Age
  • 10. Alzheimer’s Disease 10 is the leading risk factor for acquiring Alzheimer’s disease starting from the age 65 and older. According to the Alzheimer’s foundation of America, the presence of alzheimer’s disease doubles every five years after the age of 65. (“​About Alzheimer’s Disease”.2016). Scientist cannot stop the population from aging; but with the right attention they can stop Alzheimer’s from killing. People are going to age, it’s just in their nature, but their memories, lives, and dignity should not be traded at the expense of living longer. The significance of Alzheimer’s is not to be undermined. A solution to Alzheimer’s disease will not come tomorrow or even the next day but attention needs to be drawn to the disease and striving efforts need to be made to cause. The government has made noteworthy efforts to add to the cause of Alzheimer's. ​In 2011, President Barack Obama signed into law the National Alzheimer's Project Act, headed by U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. The project had 5 main goals in mind: prevent and effectively treat Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias by 2025; enhance care quality and efficiency; expand supports for people with Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias and their families; enhance public awareness and engagement;t rack progress and drive improvement. (“NATIONAL PLAN TO ADDRESS ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE: 2016 UPDATE”.2016). While the government is on the track for a solution to Alzheimer’s disease, no blockbuster progressions have been identified or noted. Likewise, the same goes for the estimated budget to cover research funding for Alzheimer’s disease. According to the Alzheimer’s Association, In 2012, an expert panel of scientists concluded that an increase of $2 billion in annual Alzheimer’s research funding is necessary to meet the 2025 goal for the prevention and effective treatment of Alzheimer’s stated in the National Alzheimer’s Plan. However, in 2015, the NIH
  • 11. Alzheimer’s Disease 11 only spent a projected $586 million on research funding.(“Alzheimer's Disease”. 2016). To stay on track in meeting the 2025 goal congress needs to step up. A considerable strong effort has been made in the establishment of the 2025 goal but the ambition should be backed with the stated intentions. Additionally, the government alone cannot be expected to solve the Alzheimer’s mystery, there are steps the average person can take to add to the cause. The Alzheimer’s Association identifies ways to join the fight as: becoming an advocate by pledging to support the Alzheimer’s association; donating; volunteering for local events; participating in various fundraising events like, the Walk to End Alzheimer’s, the Longest Day, Flag football game; or just simply staying informed. (“Alzheimer's Disease”. 2016). There are ways to be involved without being directly affected by the disease or having a career in the medical field. Showing support for the cause will always be immensely valued as dedicated professionals fight to make headway on this fast emerging public health concern. The magic bullet for the cure to Alzheimer’s may not come overnight but progress will be made sequentially with the support and attention from everyone. The most significant emerging public health concern in the U.S today is Alzheimer’s Disease. An argument can be made that other diseases are far more pressing or deserving of attention but those claims are ultimately false. Scientists have made remarkable discoveries about Alzheimer’s but they have not yet been reflected in the form of an effective treatment or prevention method. The toll Alzheimer’s holds over the economy, caregivers, and population proves the significance of Alzheimer’s. Joining the cause in unity and support for Alzheimer’s patients could be the most valued solution there is. Alzheimer’s Disease is the most significant public health concern in the U.S today.
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