System Theory In Social Work

System Theory In Social Work
Goffman Response Systems theory is one of the most utilized theories in the social work practice. As the text states, "in Goffman's world, the social
imperative to impress other people, the struggle to manage impressions, is an abiding drive in human relationships" (van Wormer & Besthorn, 2011,
pg. 63). I personally believe that Goffman's idea of systems theory was very beneficial to individuals. Reason being is because these systems can
determine how a person is thinks. For example, the input is what is the person thinking. The output is what decision the person makes. Lastly, the
feedback is the results from her decision–making process. There are two advantages of systems theory. The first advantage utilizes holistic approach.
Holistic is characterized by comprehension of the parts of something as intimately interconnected and explicable only by reference to the whole. This
theory helps utilize client's rights/ self determination to where an individual can make his/her own decision. It also starts where the client is which
means what is happening with them. The second advantage assists social workers to understand interventions better. Throughout the text, Goffman
contrast front stage and back stage behavior. The text states, "Goffman's (1959) contrast between front stage and backstage behavior is perhaps the
most memorable contribution. The performance that a person gives on the front stage, the speech, manners, and props, marks a sharp contrast with the
reality of
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Essential Workplace Skills Essay example
Workplace Essential Skills
While working or while looking for work there are certain skills sets that are universally important. No matter what job or career path you have chosen
these skills make it easier to obtain your goals, whatever they may be.
Workplace essential skills enable people at work to do the tasks required by their occupation, give them the basics to learn all other skills (job and life)
and assist them to manage and adapt to the changing workplace environment.
They are not the technical skills required by an occupation but are the enabling skills that are necessary in most occupations and that allow people to
do their jobs successfully. (Molson)
The skills that I am referring to are Oral and Written...show more content...
communicates oral messages appropriate to listeners and situations; participates in conversation, discussion, and group presentations; selects an
appropriate medium for conveying a message; uses verbal language and other cues such as body language appropriate in style, tone, and level of
complexity to the audience and occasion; speaks clearly and communicates a message; understands and responds to listener feedback; and asks
questions as necessary.(p167 USDOL)
Written Communication is also broken down into 2 areas:
Reading: Locates, understands, and interprets written information in prose and documents––including manuals, graphs, and schedules––to perform
tasks; learns from text by determining the main idea or essential message; identifies relevant details, facts and specifications; infers or locates the
meaning of unknown or technical vocabulary; and judges the accuracy, appropriateness, style, and plausibility of reports, proposals, or theories of other
writers.( 134 USDOL)
Writing: Communicates thoughts, ideas, information, and messages in writing; records information completely and accurately; composes and creates
documents such as letters, directions, manuals, reports, proposals, graphs, flow–charts; uses language, style, organization, and format appropriate to

the subject matter, purpose, and audience; includes supporting documentation and attends to level of detail; and checks, edits, and revises for correct
information, appropriate emphasis, form,

A world of work Essay
A WORLD OF WORK
Outsourcing means that companies hand work they used to perform in–house to outside firms.
ADVANTAGES:
v bring down costs ГЁ lift profits and boost growth v specialisation Due to the advance in technology products have become more complex which
made it difficult for one company to do all the work itself. In order to manage the complexity of these products the astute idea of outsourcing represents
an ideal solution (e.g. car industry)
DISADVANTAGES:
v drain of jobs, v higher organisational costs ГЁ overview,
Some years ago this phenomenon used to be hailed as a wonder of the new economy.
Nowadays the...show more content...
Then you search for competent companies and assess their performance. In the end you select a specific number of companies which are needed to carry
out these activities successfully.)
International business
Companies follow the traditional way of doing business (the process of doing international business resembles the pattern of business which firms stick
to in their home countries). All work which is involved is done by one company.
NEW GEOGRAPHY OF PRODUCTION AND CONSUMPTION
v In former times companies used to manufacture close to where their goods were consumed.

v Nowadays each bit of work goes to whatever company or country is best suited to it.
v Experts reckon that by reorganising production intelligently, multinationals can hope to lower their costs by over 50 %.
v Also white–collar work is outsourced due to the spread of the internet, along with cheap and abundant telecommunications bandwidth.
v Examples: corporate human–resources services, debt collection or credit–card processing.
v Second is reason is the fall of transport costs ГЁ separate geography of production and consumption
v Over the next years Russia, China and particularly India will emerge as essential hubs for services such as

Life is a ceaseless battlefield where people are born to adapt and to strive in their daily work. Even though most people agree that work is an
essential element of their lives, they tend to have a variety of motivations for their different careers. Some people work because it is required for
food and shelter. For example, in many poor families, their uneducated members do all types of laborious jobs to financially support their families.
Another group of people works because they want to make contributions to their society. In Carl T. Rowan's essay "Unforgettable Miss Bessie," he
describes his memorable high school teacher Miss Bessie, an interesting and dedicated teacher who guides many poor students to find their potential
and to...show more content...
Therefore, they have no complaints about their unfair jobs in America. In fact, they choose to exchange their diligent effort for the dollars that
provide their family back in Mexico a better life. Similar to the Mexican workers, my father did not have many choices about his career. He was
born in a large poor family in a small village in mainland China. Because his parents were just poor farmers who could not afford to raise all of
their seven children at the same time, my father did not have the chance to finish high school. Furthermore, he was obligated to take a
responsibility to supply his family's regular spending, so he had to leave home alone at the age of fifteen and to move to a big city where physical
laborers were needed. He always told me that his adolescence was the hardest period in his life. He tried various types of tedious jobs because of
his lack of working skills. He also told me what helped him survive through that period was the belief that he could take care of his family members
by working hard. To him, the happiest moment during that period was the time he sent his salary back to his family. All in all, it is not unusual to find
people who believe work is

Importance Of Work Experience
There has been an increase in number of students who have participated in work experience over the years, this can be mainly due to the fact that
work experience has been heavily promoted by universities and employers. However, undergraduates still lack the proper understanding of the true
benefit work experience offers as they view work experience as a chore rather than a valuable experience. Therefore, the range of academia explored
in this essay demonstrates the necessity of work experience within undergraduates in order to expand skills, assets and prospects that they can use after
graduation. This essay explores evidence that supports the three main benefits of work experience, which are; increasing students' awareness of different
...show more content...
Also, this will create further issues in the future as those who lack career planning could have trouble transitioning into work (Isherwood, S. 2017),
meaning that work experience helps to create a stress– free future in career context. However, The Guardian suggests that undergraduates do not have
to worry about career planning due to the emergence of gig economy and portfolio career, where graduates do not stick to a singular career, which
High Fliers fails to take into account. This reduces the reliability of High Fliers' statement as they have disregarded modern trends in employment,
implying that their research into work experience takes an outdated approach. Consequently, work experience may help give students an idea of
which career to follow but there is lack of concrete evidence that supports this link. Furthermore, work experience helps with providing students with
valuable skills that will become advantageous in their future career. This is because work experience can help students gain skills that are appealing
to employers (Isherwood, S. 2017). It has been found that interns rated their work experience as providing a higher level of career preparation (Gault,
J. et al. 2000), which further reinforces the prior statement. In Gault, J et al study, they analysed and

Systems Theory In Social Work
Theoretical framework Systems Theory As it is known, that the systems theory has given the social workers the descriptions and explanations of the
human behavior which are resulted of the intersection of the impacts of multiple unified systems for all various levels of social work such as the micro
level included the individual, mezzo level contained families, and the macro level involved organizations and societies. Additionally, according to
Kirst–Ashman and Hull (2015) that the systems theory offers the practitioners with a conceptual perspective that can lead them to how they view the
world, in addition to assist the social workers to the attentions on the interactions of several systems in the environment counting individuals, groups,
families, organizations, and communities. In this case, Donna has suffered from several issues since the early period of her life. For instance, she had
a background of sexual abuse by her father. Moreover, she moved to live outside the home with her cousin who is much older than her. In addition, she
lost parental rights because of her sexual interactions, and neglect. According to the systems theory, the practitioner evaluated Donna in the context of
her family and the social worker considered her and her family as the entire unit. In the Donna case, the client's family influenced her behavioral actions
and her actions influenced the way she interacted with others such as her parent, children, friends, and even the men cross the street.

The Working Life Essay
The belief that work is morally good is the definition of work ethic provided by The American Heritage Dictionary. Work can mean different things to
different people. Usually, when we first think of a word and its meaning, we look at its definition. When defining what is morally good, one must
remain open to past societal meanings of what was considered moral. Work ethic has developed and changed through different cultures over centuries.
Historians and philosophers have developed great insights and theories pertaining specifically to the meaning of work ethic and its meaningfulness in
today's modern employment, while some have praised it and some have cursed it. Which leads us to the question, do workers today have a calling or
Furthermore, people who work for wealth are never satisfied, because the things that they want and the work that they do to get it are never ending.
Work takes on greater importance in a society where people believe that they can master the material world and shape their own destinies, and less
where they believe that they can not. An Ancient Greek philosopher said that the only stability in the world was within one's mind or soul, where ideas
were secure from the unending changes that took place in the material world. In Ancient Greece, philosophers believed that a person's thoughts and
ideas were more important than that person's work and that work in the material world lacked permanence. For the ancient Greeks, the status of
particular occupations depended on the degree of freedom a person had, the perceived moral integrity of the occupation, and the amount of mental
and physical work it required. Today we tend to feel that working in an office is better than working in a coal mine, regardless of which worker makes
more money. Our language suggests that it is a privilege to work sitting down.
In various cultures in the era before Christ, the material world was thought impermanent and inferior to the mental and spiritual world, but work was
not disdained. The Buddha in the sixth century B.C. said that people suffer because they thirst for material things and physical pleasures, and that the

Face Your First Day At Work Essay
How to face your first day at work? There is a saying, "first impression is the last impression". Every person has to face the thrill of 'first day at
work'. It is a kind of thrill, as you will meet new people, face challenges and get opportunities at your new job. Once, you have accepted a job offer,
you should make yourself ready for your first day at work. People or colleagues often make opinions or impressions about yourself depending on how
is your first impression. This is beneficial for the people who make positive first impression, but not for them who make negative impressions by their
behavior, attitude and other aspects which reflect their personality. You can follow the below mentioned tips which will help
People make a judgment about you from your dressing style, hence, don't ignore it. In your early days at new work, you should be dressed
professionally. Even on the days when casuals are allowed, try not to wear something very trendy or fashionable. Your boss can call you any time
for an introductory meeting with the manager or client. 2.Have a positive attitude. Greet your colleagues once you reach the office. Have smile on
your face. You should look enthusiastic and eager to work with your new team and the company. You should leave your personal problems at
home, before leaving for the office. 3.Team spirit. As a part of a new team, share your ideas and thoughts with your team members. Don't try to
show your talent alone, because when you are in a team you should work together. You should think and work out on new ideas as a team. Let your
colleagues know that you are interested to work in a team, show your support to them. 4.Learn coworkers' names. No one will expect from you that
you should remember names of all the team members and others on the first day. But you should try to remember names of your coworkers as early
as possible. If in a case you forget name of a person, then please apologize and ask for it

Difference Between Teamwork And Individual Work
Introduction:
People prefer different approaches on the organisation of the work. Some people prefer to do the work by their own, whereas some people think that
the team work is the best form of work. Teamwork and individualism are basically interesting human characteristics as both have their own importance
to the society. Businesses use both these factors to get benefit and reach their goals.
I personally think that team work is better than the individual work as it is said that," Two heads are always better than one head". Teamwork is
quickly becoming an essential aspect of business today. Teamwork is being utilized by the companies across the world today. The value of teamwork
can be seen when people put their strength together for one goal. If you work alone, who are you going for high–five when you get something working?
So, teamwork is quite encouraging in colleges and schools as well.
Facts and findings:
As each work is done accordingly. Below are some of the facts and findings of teamwork and individual work.
Teamwork:
The group of people working together and focusing on a same goal to achieve their target is called teamwork. There are many tasks that can be only
done by teamwork. It is not that," too many cooks spoil the soup "but the ideas and leadership behind. As every coin has two sides teamwork also has
come positive and negative aspects as well.
Positive aspects about teamwork:
The main thing about the teamwork is having a unity. If any team wants to be succeed, then the unity is must. Unity acts as oxygen in the air for the
team. Group of people can only be called a team if the members have a strong bonding with each other. (Jordon)Moreover, as there are lot of people in
the team and from different ethnicities and cultures and members got an opportunity to learn the techniques from one another. Whereas, a person
working individually can never get a different idea. In a teamwork, whereas not only the person saves the time but also get more productivity. Some
other good factors of teamwork are:
Help: The most beneficial thing about teamwork is the help provided. As no one is perfect in every field, it is quite difficult to work alone. So, to cope
up with that situation the help is

Human Rights And Social Work
Starting with Jane Adams in the early 20th century, human rights were at the forefront of her work with the Hull House which helped establish the
social work profession as we know it (Healy, 2008). The Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the values set and regulated by the NASW share a
common theme focusing on, dignity, self–determination, and improving the quality of life for everyone. Social workers are on the forefront of
advocating for, and creating social change, and justice (NASW, 2015). Social work constantly challenges racism, discrimination and the inhumane
treatment of vulnerable people.
Internationally the social work profession attempts to link vulnerable populations with basic needs like, food, healthcare, housing, and equality all
which reflect article 25 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (United Nations, 2014). Social workers wear many hats, and have established
roles in many institutions like hospitals, schools, nursing homes, acting as liaisons between the establishments and individuals who seek their services
(Reichert, 2007).
2. What social work practices might constrain human rights?
The Social work is a profession not only rewards merit, but there is also a monetary gain. The majority of qualified social workers are employed by
local government agencies which can create a conflict of interest because of their obligation, and commitment to their employer. The government
agencies have their own political and financial agenda that can be

Team Work Essay
Team Work This about how to work with groups and other team members, most of the time it is hard to do but with our jobs nowadays we have to
do what we have to do. I like working with others for the most part, especially when they are motivated in getting the job done in a timely manner.
Then we have some that just don't want to help but want everybody else to do their work for them. Working in groups you will have to know who is
who and what they like to do, and then you can do what it is that has to be done for that group. Group dynamics is when we interact with all groups
involved with the project. (Chapter 1, pg 1 joining together; group theory and group skills 10th edition). With group dynamics we can learn about how
a person...show more content...
Every decision made within the group becomes a team effort with the goal of producing maximum results. Most of the times when you try to look
up on what a group is suppose to do most of the time it's not that way. From my own experience I like to just go and see who I'm working with and
what it is that we have to do. I like when a person likes to do their own work and is not lazy, that's the only time I don't want to work with groups.
You can research some times and hope to find what you are looking for but not always is that what you have to do, because all you can do is just
ask the other people how someone works and if that person is a good candidate to work with. From personal experience I feel better if I can work
with just one or two people. Working with more than that most of the time for me it doesn't work, because when you have different personalities
then that is when you have conflicts within a group. I know that you will have to work in a group some of the time, but I think that it is better if
you work alone. It also depends on what the job entitles some do want us to work with others and some don't so it really doesn't matter to me
either way, if I do then I do. When I work with other people at my job we always have fun in doing our jobs, we like what we do and like to work with
everyone. We take training classes together, and lunch so we can get along. I feel as though if you can get along with others then you can work in a

Personal Performance Of A Good Worker Essay
Having self–awareness relates to being able to measure and maintain personal performance. A good worker is able to maintain personal performance
when faced with unforeseen issues, as well as varying work conditions and work contexts. Being aware of one's self means learning to identify
possible factors that might halt or interfere with the achievement of work objectives, so as to maintain personal performance in varying circumstances.
Make plans that adhere to restrictions and schedules, and manage your time effectively so that if contingencies do occur, you can still achieve your
targets. Making plans such as these will also help to minimise factors that may have a negative effect on the progression of tasks.
Identifying possible factors that may interfere with your goals can help to reduce things that may waste your time, distract you, or make you less
effective. Is it important to identify the ways in which we use our time so as to firstly, be effective in choosing the correct objectives to focus on, and
secondly, to then concentrate on how efficiently we are meeting our objectives. This means appropriately prioritising tasks.
Setting and Meeting Own Work Priorities
Prioritising Work
So as to overcome time wastage and maintain personal performance we must set realistic goals. With the use of deadlines, we can frame our goals so
that they are challenging, but not overly challenging whereby they become unachievable. A task may be challenging when an overarching goal is

Essay about The Importance of Teamwork
The Importance of Teamwork In this assignment I am going to look at teamwork and important it is, also linking it in with how vital teamwork is in
the modern Public Services. To do this I will be looking into the main theorists and their guidelines for a team to work well and to be efficient.
Teamwork is a group/ team of people working towards a common goal or target. Bill Gates describes teamwork as 'A group with a common goal'. The
advantages of a team working correctly is as follows; being able to reach the goal quicker, this is because there are many people working together. To
become more efficient, this is because people have different strengths and so people can work...show more content...
At this stage there is no set positions as they can change. People are likely to argue over these common subjects: leadership, structure, power, and
authority. The members of the groups start to build relationships with other members.
In Tuckman's Norming stage everyone knows which person plays which part. The different group members start to listen to each other and appreciate
the support from each other. This is an important stage as the group starts to work hard towards the common task. People expect the same amount of
work and the support of others in the group. Big decisions are starting to be made.
Performing. The performing stage is the stage where people can work independently, in smaller groups, or all together all respecting one another. The
group's roles and authorities change to the changing needs of the group and individuals. Stage four is said to be the most predictive. Relation and
problem solving in this part of the task is the most vital for the group to move forward and reach their common goal.
Tuckman's final stage adjourning, involves the finishing's of task. This is where the different people of the group need to recognise what they've done,
and their role in the completion. This is the stage where they see where they can

Why We Work Essay
Terrance Ellis Eng 101 TTH Ms.Tolley Rough write 1 "Why we work" by Andrew Curry was very informational and resourceful. So it was not
hard for me to agree with him about employees being stressed out and discontent with their jobs. Andrew gives multiple reasons to agree with him.
Most of the reasons come from experience from my past and present jobs. Others reasons come from economy problems. I agree with Andrew
because I to was stressed out and discontent at my past job Applebee's. First the story itself was great. It informed me on how back in the 1900's job
lost was never a big problem. Andrew explained how the people who had jobs only wanted time off from work. Andrew then explains how the work
industries have limited job openings...show more content...
The host has a chart with all the tables and booth's open and 90% of the time booths are not open. So they pray that one is not asked for. After the host
tell there will be a 10–15 minute hold, the host get the crazies face a person can give another. The customer then gets upset because no one got finished
eating within the 10–15 quote. See people have forgotten what quote means and takes it upon their selves to get the manager. Then the manager
later yells at the host because they had to give out free food. Now this happens every day as a host till you gets a bold customer and they call
corporate and the host gets fired. The last thing agreeable is how employees are not content with their jobs. Jobs in general are offering little
growth. Not only are employee's not getting promoted but they're not getting benefits any more also. Employers are treating employees like animals
and replaceable figures. Employees are worth something to an employer a dime and every 2 or 3 dozen. So employee's have to settle for lower
wages and long hours. Well others have given up respect for their selves and time from their own personal life. And if they don't like what they are
getting they will be fired. For this example I used a source http://www.jobvent.com/applebees–job–reviews–C5728?PageNum=2. Many have put how
they felt about their job at Applebee's on this. A person from Corpus Christi, TX put this on the site 09/03/2009 "As for

The Importance of Professionalism at Work Essay
Professionalism is defined as one's conduct at work. The quality of professionalism is not restricted to those in occupations with high level of
education or high earnings. Any worker regardless of their level of education or occupation should demonstrate a high level of this trait (About.com,
2013). Acting professionally at workplace makes others think of you as reliable, respectful, and competent. Professionalism, however, can take on
many different forms which depend on where you work and the type of job responsibility you have. There are few common traits when it comes to
being professional (Monster, 2013). This includes being Competent. This traits means that you are good at what you do – and you have the skills and
knowledge that...show more content...
The professional person should always tell the truth and are upfront about where things stand. Consistency, admitting and correcting the mistakes,
and being fair and truthful are all intertwined to the makeup of one's personal integrity (Octech.edu, 2013). Dishonestly never makes anyone look
good, whether it's lying on one's resume or calling in sick. A true professional is upfront, so if you aren't qualified for the job either does not apply
for it or send in your application anyway and explain why you'd be perfect for the job in spite of it (About.com, 2013). Also the dishonesty is to lie
about being sick, if you need a day off take a personal or vacation day. Professionalism means respect, not misrepresent, discriminate, or harass others.
Showing respect and treating all people as if they mattered are good characters that always make difference in workplace. It is expected that there will
be disagreements with your co–workers, or even your boss, but do not lose control. No matter how upset you are or how strongly you believe you are
right, screaming is not allowed, nor is name calling or door slamming (About.com, 2013). Physical attacks should always be avoided, no matter what.
Professional person should calmly explain his or her opinion and be ready to walk away if the other person. Professional worker is supposed to be
having a positive altitude. No one likes a constant pessimist. Having an upbeat attitude and trying to be

With reference to academic work on groups and teams provide a review of 500 words which outlines the advantages and disadvantages of working
in a group The aim of this essay is to show how group work can be very useful with many benefits; however, it does have downfalls which can
prove individual work to be more satisfying. The dictionary definition of a group is a number of persons belonging or classed together, they come
about in a psychological sense because people realize they are in the same boat (Brown 1988: 28), whereas the definition of work is a task to be
undertaken. This means working in a group allows many individuals to tackle a task to the best of their ability, however, is working in a group actually
the best option?...show more content...
These varied ideas can provide a high standard of work due to the different perspectives used. Within the group there may be members of different
cultures and backgrounds allowing a range of opinions and facts to be bought forward on each topic of discussion. Conversely, the group might
concentrate on issues outside the remit of the training and forget it's actually mission (SME Risk management toolkit 2002). Sometimes, during a
group meeting discussions can be diverted to social interactions and the task in hand could be dismissed. If control is not taken then the completion
of work could be delayed potentially causing the members to forget previous ideas and even wasting time due to the lack of motivation created to do
the work. We have explored the different aspects and impact of working in groups and can argue that it is more beneficial than it is disadvantageous.
Groups are extremely important in the lives of all individuals (Johnson and Johnson 1975 p1–2) and if organised and lead correctly, group working can
prove to be very useful towards the completion of a task. It means more ideas, more input, and more perspectives. References and recommended
reading: Gary Hadler (2005) Solving Problems using a group – advantages and disadvantages. Available: http://www.tuition.com.hk/groups.htm. Last
accessed

Essay on The Changing World of Work
The Changing World of Work
For this assignment the aim of the report it going to focus and explain on how such organisations benefit from career management and in what ways
career management benefits individuals. The demand for excellent people is always high but the supply, unfortunately, always falls well short of
demand. The naturally excellent sales person, manager, accountant and so on, is already working for someone else perhaps in his or her own
business and there is short fall for experienced qualified individuals that some of these firms and companies are looking for, so this assignment will
explain how career management is very beneficial for people planning there career and how it is...show more content...
When you start your career planning, or access the University's careers guidance service, you should remember it is not just about helping you to
choose a career or find a job. It is equally about equipping you with the skills and attitude to seek out information and to become more self–confident
and self–reliant. Career management benefits you to develop a clear understanding of what you are good at, what you like doing and equally what
you don't and to understand your own values and aspirations, to weigh up the pros and cons of a course of action and to plan for the future. It is not
simply a case of the job you can get with a particular degree, but more importantly it is about what job and career you want to pursue and why.
In many cases this will enable you to get your first job. It will be a job, where you will have to work hard for relatively little pay, but you will gain
work experience. After 18 months to two years you will probably change jobs to get more experience and reckon to get your first good career grade
job when you are aged 26–30.
In other cases you will take a further qualification immediately after your first degree. It could be a change of direction towards qualification in law,
finance, business, accounting, administration, teaching, medicine, or research;

Importance Of Group Work
As employees become more competitive, recently graduated students not only have the qualifications, but also have good teamwork skills. Working
in a group is very common in high education. Also, not only in university, that skill will very useful in the work place. Group work can make the
work to be higher efficiency and develop another skill. In this essay will discuss the benefits of group work and how important is it. Secondly, it will
move on to look at the obstacles and challenges in group work. Finally, it will argue that the factors that affect the success of groupwork and what skill
can develop in group work.
Group working is an essential skill in university because it is beneficial to understand the work and complete it better. The main point is working in a
group always can get more information than working individual. When students working individual, they are always cannot get more ideals or
difficult to develop the ideal, the reason of that could be some people may be not enough knowledge about the topic. This cause is very obvious in
engineering students because they always get a project that is need to think on the difference way to get the solutions. Burke (2011 :88) also states in
his Journal that working in group can get more information because the group member who from difference countries and culture backgrounds also
they have difference experience of the topic, therefore the students are available to get more information than a single individual. So,

Why People Choose to Work Essay
Why People Choose to Work
Work is an application of mental or physical effort to a purpose, which usually earns a wage or salary or provides other rewards, though some work,
like housework remains unpaid. Work is an important element in occupying and directing the individual's time. The demand of working life involves
a high degree of discipline if jobs are to be kept. In this assignment I will be considering and explaining the importance of motivation in the work force
and also be interviewing a few people and then giving details of wages and other rewards for working; working conditions and other factors that
influence their motivation.
I will also review a variety of theories, which categorise workers.
In business,...show more content...
In 1954Abraham Maslow, proposed a hierarchy of needs to explain human behaviour. Maslow identified five classes of needs these included
physiological needs, safety needs, and love and belonging, esteem needs and self–actualisation. The needs, which Maslow identified at the bottom of
the pyramid, are based on basic needs concerned with survival needs such as eating and sleeping, and these must be satisfied before a person can go
to the next level. For example some people may be more concerned with basic needs such as food, than anything else. Although it must be noted that
once each need has been satisfied the ones below become less important, with exception to self–actualisation at the top, Maslow argued that although
everybody is capable, very few actually reach this level.
AS Economics & Business Johirul Islam
Douglas McGregor had two theories 'theory X' and 'theory Y'.
McGregor's theory X manager believes that an employee dislikes work and avoid if possible. As a result, theory X workers must be controlled,
directed and threatened with punishment if necessary to make them work. McGregor's theory Y manager believes that an employee finds work as
natural as play or rest. As a result, they are able and willing to organise, control and direct themselves, and accept authority and responsibility. Control
and punishment are not effective ways to get the theory Y

System Theory In Social Work

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