Causes of Disease in Humans: Pathogens, Genetics & More

Causes of Disease in Humans Essay examples
Causes of disease in humans
A disease is usually a medical condition that affects the body of an organism. In humans, disease is often broadly used to refer to any condition that
causes pain, dysfunction, distress or death to the person affected. In this sense, it sometimes includes injuries, disabilities, disorders, syndromes,
infections, etc. The most common cause of disease in humans is via pathogens; microorganisms such as viruses, bacteria, protozoa, and fungi that cause
disease in humans and other species that enter the body in a number of ways. This includes the digestive system and the gas exchange system. Once
inside the body, pathogens may cause disease by damaging cells or producing toxins that affect the cells in the body....show more content...
Thrush is a yeast infection and its main symptom is causing inflammation of the general area resulting in discomfort to the host. Another pathogen
that causes disease is Pulmonary Tuberculosis. Caused by bacterial infection, it's transmitted via droplet infection in which it's spread through
sneezing or coughing and an uninfected person takes in the droplets by inhaling them into the lungs. The bacteria reproduce and destroy the lung
tissue, prompting an immune response that brings the infection under control and repairs the lung damage is. However, the infection may re emerge
years later as secondary TB. This occurs as in some cases as the phagocytes surround and ingest the bacteria but the bacteria have a thick waxy coat
and are not killed by the white blood cells. The TB bacteria start to destroy the lung tissue, causing multiple lesions appear on the lungs called
tubercles and the bacteria may spread to both lungs and to other organs such brain. The patient coughing up damaged lung tissue and blood and
becoming very short of breath are just a few of the symptoms. Disease in humans can also be caused by defects in the genetic code. This results when
mutations occur, which is a change in the sequence of nucleotide bases in the genetic code. The mutation, a change in the base sequence of the DNA,
will mean that the mutated amino acids with code for a different polypeptide. As a result, the protein will have a different tertiary structure and
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Examples Of Root Cause Analysis
Chapter 2
Literature Review
7
2.1. Root Cause Analysis:
In Root Cause Analysis (RCA) is the process of identifying causal factors using a structured approach with techniques designed to provide a focus for
identifying and resolving problems. Tools that assist groups or individuals in identifying the root causes of problems are known as root cause analysis
tools. Every equipment failure happens for a number of reasons.
There is a definite progression of actions and consequences that lead to a failure. Root Cause
Analysis is a step–by–step method that leads to the discovery of faults or root cause. An RCA investigation traces the cause and effect trail from the
end failure back to the root cause. It is much like a detective solving a crime.
To...show more content...
Like Cox and Spencer (1998), Dettmer
(1997) has also used root cause analysis on management of constraints. He presents one of the earliest studies on the debate of applying Root Cause
Analysis to processes. A proper management decision is necessary to succeed the RCA tools and methods in a particular environment. Lepore and
Cohen (1999), Moran et al. (1990), Robson (1993) and Scheinkopf (1999) move ahead that when change is needed, then think root cause analysing,
identifying and eliminating. The foundations of their studies are pioneering one as they question an accepted practice for root cause analysis and the
results of the example studies are encouraging.
However, the studies are far from being practical one as they include too many parameters and assumptions. Smith (2000) has explained that Root
Cause Tools can resolve conflicting strategies, policies, and measures. The perception is that one tool is as good as another tool. While the literature
was quite complete on each tool as a stand–alone application and their relationship with other problem solving methods. There are very few literatures
available on

Examples Of Cause And Effect Diagram
1.4.1 Cause – and – Effect Diagram:
A cause and effect diagram examines why something happened or might happen by organizing potential causes into smaller categories. It can also be
useful for showing relationships between contributing factors. One of the Seven Basic Tools of Quality, it is often referred to as a fishbone diagram or
Ishikawa diagram. It was founded by Karou Ishikawa in 1968. One of the reasons cause & effect diagram is also called as fishbone diagram is
because the completed diagram ends up looking like a fish's skeleton with the fish head to the right of the diagram and the bones branching off behind
it to the left.
To begin making a cause and effect diagram, write the main issue or problem to be analyzed in a box that is typically on the right. A line called the
"spine" or "backbone" should extend to the left starting from the edge of the main box. Next, angle branches off of the spine, each represent a cause or
effect of the main issue. Each of these branches can contain additional branches. In the manufacturing industry, the causes are referred to as the 6Ms:
Manpower / People
Machine
Method
Materials
Mother Nature / Environment
Measurements
Manpower/People:
Do you have too little of your workforce devoted to a process? Are new people...show more content...
The Pareto principle (also known as the 80–20 rule) states that, for many events, roughly 80% of the effects come from 20% of the causes. A graph
that ranks data classifications in descending order from left to right; if useful many are clubbed under 'other', place this category on the far right.
Horizontal scale in Pareto is a category. It is used to identify most important problems (Top 3 defects). It is applicable to problem identification &
measurement of

Theories of Crime Causation Essay example
Major Theories of Crime Causation
Robert Lincoln
CJ 102–02
Kaplan University
August 4, 2013
Major Theories of Crime Causation Various units contain a number of theories that try to explain the causes of crime in the society. The theories have
been developed to have an in–depth understanding of the crime and how best they can be addressed to ensure that humans live in a conducive
environment. These units and theories have been around and in use from as early as the twentieth century. Over the years, theorists and researchers
have engaged their minds in trying to find answers and possibly cab the high level of crime that the world faces today (Siegel, 2010). Many of the
theories developed give varying analytical statistics on the...show more content...
Since a human being is a rational actor, where rationality involves ends and means, it includes also calculations (Goodwin, 2005). In line with this
people tend to choose freely behavior, both conforming and deviant basing on the rational calculations they made prior to their choosing behavior
patterns. This means that the rational choices are very important in determining how an individual behaves over a long period. This is because the
rational choices are part and parcel of the individual`s life in terms of survival. It is understood that the central element of calculation concerning this
matter involves a cost benefit analysis; this is where a choice has to be arrived between pleasure and pain. Fundamentally, when all other circumstances
are the same, the choice made will be moved towards the intensification of a person`s preference; at this point perception and understanding of potential
pain or punishment involved following the choice made, controls the very choice prioritized. Studies reveal that lucid choice sprung from older and
more investigational groups of theoretical contiguous of experiential verdicts of various technical examinations related to the mechanisms of human
nature. This theory borrows concepts of economics to emphasize on non–contributory motives for crime basing on the limited and more bounded
nature of the lucid process associated with the theory.
Trait theory:

Root Cause Analysis Essay
A root cause analysis is a systematic approach utilized to identify problems within an event and create a plan for preventing that problem from
recurring in the future. To be effective, a timeline of the events are created to help identify those areas that may be the reason for the problem or
event, and the relationship between the causal factors and those factors identified to be a reason for the event to have occurred. In the case of Mr. B's,
an investigation into the events surrounding to and leading up to his untimely death would be required. Once the problem has been identified and
described, data of events are collected and formatted into a timeline. From the events, any problems in the care of the patient which may have...show
more content...
As a solution, core staffing should consist of at least two registered nurses, an ED physician, and secretary on duty at all times, with a plan for
increases based on current census and acuity, nursing time and interventions, length of stay, skill mix and patient care time (Emergency Nurses
Association, 2011). By having this core staff in place, the patient would have had a nurse available to continuously monitor his status. Neither staff
member identified the downward trending of the patients available vital signs and did not evaluate consciousness of the patient. Failure to assess
appropriately and recognize deterioration of the patient resulted in a prolonged period of time in which the patient was not adequately oxygenated.
Research has shown that short staffing, with decreased nurse to patient ratio, has been found to be associated with increased mortality (Aiken, Clarke,
Sloane, Sochalski, & Silber, 2002; Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations, 2005; Needleman, Buerhaus, PKankratz, Leibson,
Stevens, & Harris, 2011). This reinforces the need to match staffing with patient census, acuity, and need for nursing care. A policy for conscious
sedation was in place and not followed by staff. As all staff had been trained in the procedure, completed the appropriate modules, and

Essay On Probable Cause
1. What is the standard legal definition of probable cause?
Probable cause is a requirement which can be found in the Fourteenth Amendment that must usually be met before an arrest can be made, before being
allowed to conduct a search, seize property, and to receive a warrant which is related to the alleged crime. Probable cause is considered a level of
reasonable belief, probable cause must be based on facts and not an assumption. In civil court, a person can be sued if they have probable cause, and
in criminal court, the defendant can be prosecuted or arrested if they also have probable cause. If the officer cannot prove probable cause,
unfortunately, the evidence then becomes inadmissible, and the evidence will be thrown out.
2. What is the standard legal definition of reasonable suspicion?
Although reasonable suspicion is vaguely similar to probable case, they're very different. Reasonable suspicion is less than probable cause. It allows
police officers to briefly detain a...show more content...
The two forms are preponderance of the evidence and proof beyond a reasonable doubt. Preponderance is mostly used in civil court, whereas proof
beyond a reasonable doubt is used in criminal court. In civil court, the plaintiff must provide factual evidence regarding why he or she is suing the
defendant. In a criminal case, a higher standard of evidence is required, which is the proof beyond a reasonable doubt. In most criminal cases the
prosecutor must attempt to persuade that the defendant, is, in fact, guilty of the charges brought against them. In criminal cases, the evidence must be
circumstantial and adequate enough to decide whether the person is guilty. Which is where the term proof beyond a reasonable doubt derives from.
It's another way of saying are you certain, is the proof enough for you to say okay, I have no doubt in my mind that this person is

Causes And Effects Of Trauma Essay
Trauma occurs when a child has experienced an event that threatens or causes harm to her emotional and physical well–being. Events can include war,
terrorism, natural disasters, but the most common and harmful to a child's psychosocial well–being are those such as domestic violence, neglect,
physical and sexual abuse, maltreatment, and witnessing a traumatic event. While some children may experience a traumatic event and go on to
develop normally, many children have long lasting implications into adulthood. The effects of trauma can be looked at into two separate categories
however, they both are interrelated: neurodevelopment and psychosocial development. From the onset of birth, we are born with 100 billion neurons,
much more than we will ever need and much more than we will ever have. Between these neurons, trillions of synapses are created. Depending upon the
early life experiences in relation to attachments with caregivers and our environment, some synapses will be strengthened whilst others will be
discarded. It is estimated by the U.S. Department of Health and Human services that one million children are victims of child abuse and neglect in the
U.S every year. This number may be an underrepresentation however, as many cases are unreported. Children who experience trauma in early
childhood years or adolescence have impacts that follow them throughout adulthood. The common effects include relationship attachment issues,
mental disorders, substance abuse, increased

Cause and effect is noting a relationship between actions or events such that one or more are the result of the other or others. Most things that
happening in life have a cause and effect relationship. Almost everything you do is a cause and will have an effect, or most things you do is an effect
of something that happened or what you done before your actions. An example of a cause and effect relationship is last year I was in the state
tournament, and I was in the semi–finals. I ended up losing, and I was very angry with myself. I wanted to make it to the finals so bad, but me not
making it made me stronger and it made me push myself for this season. It made me more confident and more determined. Most situations in every
aspect of life is a cause and effect situation and you can control that situation most of the time. Almost every situation in life is a cause and effect
relationship occurring. For example, right now you are probably in school studying, or doing an assignment and probably at the end of the week
you will have a test on whatever you are working on. And the results of your test will be the effect to the cause you are doing right now. Most of
the time, what you are doing right now is a cause and later on there will be an effect to what you are doing now. But you have control over that
situation and you get to choose what gets to happen in that situation. But most people don't realize they could've controlled that situation and done
better until after it happens, but after it happens it is too late and you just have to make another situation. Sometimes cause and effect can be easy
to understand, like if you have dominos lined up and you push the first one and the others start to fall after you push that first one, that is a cause
and effect situation. You pushing the first one is the cause and the others falling is the effect. But there is sometimes they can be long situations and
hard to understand. For example, when I wrestle almost every single move I make or every move I make there I an effect to it, like if I see a kid
barely moves his leg and I take a shot and land it, the cause is him barely moving his leg and the result of that is me taking a shot and landing it.
Another long situation

Causes and Effects of Stress
According to HeartMath LLC,"Stress is the basic cause of 60% of all human illness and disease". Stress is a huge problem in the world today and
affects many people. Everyone has different stress triggers. For example, work, school, and children are all parts of life that many people struggle with
and cause them to go into overload. Stress can take a toll on many people's bodies and can cause serious problems. In opposition to the people who
think that stress is a negative, some people say that it is a positive. They claim that it motivates them, boosts their adrenaline, and makes them smarter.
Many people in the world experience stress in their everyday lives. Adults experience most of their stress in the workplace. Long hours, a heavy
workload, and changes in the company are some of the attributions to why they are so stressed. Long hours can cause tension because of the lack of
sleep that adults get, working more than they are used to. A heavy workload can seem very overwhelming and extreme deadlines make it even worse.
Changes in a company can also cause tension because changes often lead to more work or a different environment. For example, if the company hires
a new person, someone else is responsible for giving them the training they need to fit the job. Also, if the chemistry of the coworkers is not good, that
causes tension and makes it harder to work in that environment. Maritta Kinnunen–Amoroso and Juha Liira suggest that, "The

Causes and Effects of Homelessness Essay
Homelessness is a problem virtually every society suffers from. There are many things that cause people to become homeless, such as
unemployment, relationship problems, and being evicted from ones domicile either by a landlord, friend or even a family member. However, with
every cause there must be an effect. Some of the effects of one becoming homeless, besides the obvious change of lifestyle, are various health
problems which often times may lead to death. Many people find themselves in a predicament when they are living with a partner and the two decide
to go their separate ways. Some people may not be able afford the cost of living on just their income alone, so when two people terminate a
relationship where one depends on the...show more content...
There are many effects that a homeless person may suffer from. Other than the obvious change in the person's life style, such as the type and
quality of clothing they wear or their mode of transportation, homeless people are subject to various health effects as well. In recent studies it has
been found that one out of every three homeless people suffers from some sort of mental illness. The mental illness may have been the reason the
person became homeless or they may have acquired the illness from living on the streets. When a person loses everything they have worked for it
may affect them mentally. Another common effect that homeless people suffer from is Nutritional deficiency, better know as malnutrition. A
homeless person's diet is considerably different than that of someone who is not homeless. Since they cannot afford to eat out or make a home
cooked meal, they often have to dig in trash cans to find left over food from restaurants or other people. A lot of the food they eat is spoiled or
rotten and is not healthy for them, but rotten food is better than no food. In addition homeless people are also subject to abuse, both physically and
sexually. It is estimated that homeless females are twenty times more likely to be sexually assaulted than a female who is not homeless, and many of
these crimes will go unreported as well. Most homeless people do not have family members or someone who will check up on them. So they might be
abused or even

Root Cause Analysis Examples
I usually have a problem with people who the relation with them is normal because they misunderstand me most of the time, they got started annoying
me in many occasions, once I was driving a car passed the roads and didn't greet them, after a while, I surprised they talked to me, directly why you
did not say hello that time when you was driving a car, you have to say that, not only you who have a car. I immediately answered, during driving a
car I don't to lose my concentration on the road and maximize the probability of the accident, just to say hello, and you are able to mention your notes
politely, not in the harsh way.
I chose to the root cause analysis and the first step is defining the problem( a: what do you see happening? the relation warm is reduced according to
their bad judgment on me,b: what are the specific...show more content...
the third step is to identify possible cause factor (
"What sequence of events leads to the problem?
What conditions allow the problem to occur?
What other problems surround the occurrence of the central problem?"(Root cause analysis,n.d). the answers are 1. they didn't feel relax to ask me,
and using emotion instead of a logical way of solving problem.2. not meeting every day and nature of the relationship is a close friend .3. I think they
want to make the relation without any strict and boundaries because they get used to behaving in this way. the fourth step is to identify the Root
Cause(s) –
Why does the causal factor exist? they act in this way because they feel it is common to greet them, but in another way, the level of this relation is
not so strong just living in the same area it is necessary to jump from formal to informal relation so fast, and they don't know what I like and dislike,
whether I was in the beginning of practising driving a car or I am a professional

Example Of Root Cause Analysis
Kathy/Monica, Excellent – I guess some mistake while not desirable sometime provide root cause analysis for problem solving. Thank you all for
addressing this problem head–on. You both exemplifies deep and thoughtful cross–questioning and working collaboratively in getting issues resolved in
a timely manner. For your gallantry effort demand recommendations. Thanks

An Example Of A Cause And Effect Claim
1.An example of a fact claim would be that World War I was one of the most devastating wars of all times. 2.An example of a cause and effect
claim would be because factories put of fumes and fumes pollute our ozone layer, factories are to blame for the damage to our ozone layers. 3.An
example of a value claim would be it is inhumane to take part in euthanasia because murder is wrong no matter in what form. 4.An example of a
procedure claim would be to should I turn in my unfinished homework or finish it tonight and turn it in tomorrow? You should tell the teacher and ask
if you could turn it in tomorrow and just have a little late paper deduction instead of a 0 in the gradebook. If she says yes, finish the paper and thank
your teacher for

Cause and Effects of Parenting Essay examples
Mike Reel Cause and Effect Essay The Cause and Effects of Parenting Styles What are the cause and effects of different styles of parenting?
Essentially, there are three types of parenting; authoritarian, authoritative and permissive. I believe there are no lines drawn in the sand separating
these styles. In other words, a parent could actually entertain all three. I hope after reading this essay you will have a better understanding of the
cause and effect of each style of parenting. The first style of parenting I will discuss is the authoritarian style. The authoritarian style is what I like to
call the communist style. Children are told to do something without ever giving them a reason, except for because I said so. Usually...show more
content...
Located somewhere in the middle of these two styles lies a combination style of parenting. Authoritative parenting is an even balance of
authoritarian and permissive. This is democracy style of parenting. In other words both the parent and the child have a stake in it. The rules and
punishments are discussed and agreed upon by both parties. If the expectations are not met the child will be spoken to on how to improve. Unlike
permissive style there is punishment. Under this style a child is not led by fear. Punishments are to there to help a child learn and remember from
their mistake. Authoritative parenting styles tend to result in children who are happy, capable and successful. I believe a child raised by parents who
are both a perfect balance of this will have the best success in raising their child. In conclusion there are three types of parenting. The authoritarian
style or communist style which is; do it this way because I said so. This leads to children who are obedient and proficient, but they rank lower in
happiness, social competence and self–esteem. Second was the permissive or indulgent parent. This parent usually has very limited or no boundaries or
punishment if crossed. Permissive parenting often results in children who rank low in happiness and self control. I believe this leads to a child that
will have a problem with authority

Cause And Effect Essay On Drug Addiction
Drug Addiction: The Effects Nowadays, the amount of drug users is growing day by day. Unfortunately, these people are not aware of their
vulnerability. Whether we talk about prescription, OTC or illegal drugs, the excessive use of these substances lead to considerably dangerous
consequences; having health problems is the most well–known of them. However, drug abuse causes other serious effects on people such as money
and job–related problems, likelihood to engage in criminal acts, and even potential death. People with drug issues are subject to money and job–related
problems. When someone develops a dependence on drugs, they are not concerned about how much money they spend as long as they get the
drugs they want. Consequently, people are faced with economic problems that might lead them to misery. Besides this, having a dependence on
drugs can have a damaging effect on someone's job or career. The famous soccer player, Diego Maradona, is a living example of this. Maradona
developed an addiction to cocaine, for which he was banned from soccer for 15 months in 1991 after testing positive for cocaine. After his
comeback, at the 1994 World Cup in the United States, he was sent home for failing a drug test for ephedrine doping (Williams). Clearly, drugs only
left an awful stain on Maradona's career. Those addicted to drugs are more likely to engage in criminal activity. There are three types of crimes related
to drugs: use–related crimes, which occur because the drugs

Essay on Education: Causes & Effects
Education: Causes and Effects
In many situations, higher education separates people from their families, social backgrounds, and cultures. This often causes mixed emotions,
awkward feelings, and other conflicts. Some of these conflicts are described in works such as "Aria" by Richard Rodriguez, and "The
Right to Write" by Frederic Douglass.
"Aria" comes from the biography of Richard Rodriguez, the son of two Mexican immigrants. He describes his struggle to grow up in a
primarily white, English–speaking area. As a young child knowing less than fifty English words, Rodriguez began his schooling in Sacramento,
California. He not only faced the obstacle...show more content...
However, as Richard grew older, language became a real problem for him. He developed negative feelings towards his parents because of their English.
He felt a sense of embarrassment around them in a social atmosphere. He says, "It was troubling for me to hear my parents speak in public."
Hearing them speak broken English also brought him a feeling of insecurity. "It was unsettling to hear my parents struggle with English. Hearing
them, I'd grow nervous, my clutching trust in their protection and power weakened," said Rodriguez.
The language barrier was a disadvantage for Rodriguez because it created a barrier between his home and public. He felt comfortable at home,
speaking Spanish with his family, as he had his whole life. However,
he became hesitant to go into public at all because of his language.
He says, "I'd rarely leave home at all alone or without reluctance." The language barrier affected Rodriguez both emotionally and socially.
As and adult, Rodriguez became an award–winning writer. Despite the emotional and social problems that Rodriguez dealt with earlier in his life, he
learned to adapt and use the English language for his advantage.
In "The Right to Write," the situation is much different. Frederick Douglass, the son of a slave woman and

Examples Of Cause And Effect In Hamlet
The relationship between cause and effect is the events that one or more are the result of the other. Everyday this phenomenon occurs. A simple
example is, the cause is receiving several inches of rain and the effect is that the underpass flooded. This cause and effect relationship also occurs in
Shakespeare's play, Hamlet, to target the audience. In act IV, scene IV, lines 32
–66, Hamlet shows his fondness of brave Fortinbras and his army going
to battle for a worthless piece of land. He also show his anger at himself for prolonging his revenge to Claudius and realizes he should act. The effect
Shakespeare hoped to get from Hamlet's soliloquy was to target the audience's feelings. Firstly, Shakespeare conveys his opinion that killing and
wasting lives of man during war was unnecessary and through this message, he connects with the audience as they feel the pain of war. Next, because
of Hamlet's unsuccessfulness to get revenge on Claudius, the audience relates to Hamlet and emphasizes with him. Lastly, the plot excites the audience
members creates anticipation of events to come....show more content...
One of the captains tell Hamlet the purpose of the war: "" (Shakespeare IV.iv.18–20). The captain describes the war as foolish and pointless. The land
was not worth fighting for but yet they still go to battle and follow their orders. Shakespeare also shows appreciation to the soldiers who risk their
lives. This comes across when Hamlet says: "" (Shakespeare IV.iv.47–53). The soldiers would do anything for their own country even if the purpose is
unreasonable. Hamlet specifically talks about Fortinbras and how courageous he is and how Hamlet wishes he, himself was too. Shakespeare connects
with the audience by revealing his disapproval of

Cause And Effect Essay On Air Pollution
Pollution has become a prevalent issue worldwide and has begun to affect the air used to breathe, the soil used to grow food, and the water used to
drink. All of these effects result in commonly occurring destruction of health and wildlife that one may have seen on the news or heard from peers. In
order to live, one needs food, water, clothing, and shelter. If the water and food that society consumes gets contaminated, a major component of life has
been eradicated, which can only have negative consequences. If more people are educated as to what effects the environment, the world has a chance
to counteract the effects of pollution. The main causes of pollution are the burning of fossil fuels such as with car exhausts, littering as a result of
societal norms and laziness, and factory waste as a result of lax waste regulation, and can result in mass destruction of the environment and catastrophic
effects on the everyday lives of contemporary people.
The amount of factories and industries has grown immensely through the previous years which has resulted in an expansion in the consumption of
petroleum products. Innovation has begun to increase and has promoted the expansion of the production of cars. As stated by the Air Quality Research
Center, "Air pollution is one of the most dangerous environmental problems, causing many adverse health effects and responsible for 50,000 deaths in
the U.S. each year" (Air Pollution and Health – Air Quality Research Center.). The smog and

Examples Of Probable Cause
The standard for a legal arrest is probable cause. For an officer to make an arrest, he or she must have more than a mere hunch yet less than actual
knowledge that the arrestee committed the crime (Peak, 2009). Law enforcement officers need to make certain they understand probable cause is
different than reasonable suspicion. A good example of a reasonable suspicion encounter isTerry V. Ohio, where an officer who had 39 years of
experience in law enforcement observed two men standing on a street corner. It appeared based on the officer's experience the two men were casing a
store because they both were walking up and down the street peering into the store windows, and then they would return to the corner to conference.
While the officer...show more content...
The officer did have reasonable suspicion to make contact and after locating the weapons he had his probable cause. There are four situations that
Probable Cause is used; involving arrests with a warrant, arrests without a warrant, searched of items with a warrant, and searches of items
without a warrant (V., D. C., & Walker, J. T., 2015). Most of my encounters with individuals occurs on traffic stops; which require probable cause
to stop them. My probable cause could be speeding, reckless driving or any traffic violation in the traffic law manual. Once probable cause is
established then contact is made with the driver. If there is reason to believe that there is more than a traffic violation, such as an officer smelling
marijuana inside the vehicle, then he or she can now have access into the vehicle. My probable cause to get into the vehicle is based on my training
and experience that there was or is illegal narcotics inside the vehicle. If there is no probable cause to get into the vehicle and an officer feels there is
more to the traffic stop than speeding, then the officer needs to build his reasonable suspicion to figure out what the driver is up to. For example, one
night on patrol, it was believed that there was a possible drug transaction going on in the

Causes of Disease in Humans: Pathogens, Genetics & More

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