Reflection On Biases And Prejudice

Reflection On Biases And Prejudice
It is a very common aspect of humanity to possess biases and prejudices. From this arises the question of how individuals can ethically and honestly
study others effectively. An answer to this could perhaps be the proceeding of caution when handling of topics that can easily affront people. Being a
college student in Brooklyn biases and prejudices could be predicated on class, gender identity, and race. These features shape my experiences and
opportunities by being courteous to others and attaching the theory of mind ability to try to understand people's own subjective experiences. Doing so,
I believe, would not only make me more likable to various people but, bring to me more knowledge of the hardships or prosperities divergent...show
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An anthropologist's job typically requires them to observe and understand how particular cultural functions and the traditions associated with it. Being
an outsider, one finds it more difficult because of the notion of being viewed as an outcast as well as not displaying features or skills accustomed to
blending appropriately with the culture they are examining.
Ntarangwi acknowledges, "The predominant focus that many American anthropologists have on cultures other than their own has made them
inactive in studying classroom culture as well as social class in America" (67). Examining the term social class, in particular, my understanding of
this concept is the possession of a certain level of privilege in which appearances, as well as economic status and legacy, are provided to an
individual. Social class in my perception is another form of a caste system in which groups of people are in separate rankings based on their
advantages. Bringing this topic into the classroom, there are surely diverse people within a classroom setting as well with coming from all sorts of
different economic and social backgrounds in one, unifying place. I understand my own social and socio–economic class position by not viewing it as
a serious form of a competition. Viewing my classmates as equals and not saying one is better than the other in terms of economic position or
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First Appearance Bias Essay
One of the biases that I have is judging people by their first appearance. I like the term that Dr. Zubin Damania (aka ZDoggMD) uses, "shitty first
draft", because the word shit probably should not be used in the professional world and our first thought is usually incorrect and needs to be revised.
The way people dress and speak usually determines my first thought about them. If a man is wearing sagging pants and using a lot of slang, for
example, my first thought is going to be different than if the same man is wearing a suit and tie while speaking proper English. While I know judging
someone by the way they appear is wrong, I cannot change my thoughts. But I can change the way that those thoughts affect my behavior. Because I am
aware

Essay on Test Bias
In the helping professions such as psychology, counseling, social work and education, it is imperative that we as professionals understand tests and
be able to administer them properly to our clients or students. Tests should be carefully selected, as each has a purpose and as we are aware, there are
biases within various tests. A biased test is one in which there are methodical distinctions in the meaning of test scores correlated to different groups.
Most tests are well–formulated; however none are absolute. Tests are often administered to make substantial conclusions that will affect the lives of the
test–taker. The test–taker is unaware of these biases that are in favor of or in opposition of specific groups of people and the results...show more
content...
When discussing biases in testing, intelligence tests are highly discussed especially when addressing cultural bias. Culture, which is defined as the
belief systems and value orientation, including customs, norms, practices, and social institutions (Fiske, Kitayama, Markus, & Nisbett, 1998) has a
significant influence on all aspects of the individual, and problems can occur with instruments that do not consider cultural differences (Whiston,
2009). Many researchers have studied cultural bias of intelligence tests as they relate to African–Americans. As known, many instruments including
intelligence tests were designed to be administered to white or European Americans. Although cultural bias in testing does not focus only on
African–Americans, it is one focus group. Intelligence tests, which are also identified as cognitive ability and ability tests, are psychological tests that
were created to calculate cognitive abilities, such as reasoning, comprehension and judgment. However, they are often affiliated with inherited
attributes. In comparing intelligence tests with achievement tests, achievement tests are often correlated to educational opportunities and academic
experiences, which can affect test performance. Due to various concerns intelligence tests are commonly criticized for many reasons, test bias being
one (Jensen, 1980). R.J. Gregory (2004) stated

In Group Bias Essay
In response to the question above, the writer defines Patriotism as love of one's country, identification with it, and special concern for its well–being
and that of compatriots while nationalism is the feelings of national superiority and a need for national power and dominance. Patriotism can be built
by changing in–group bias where persons believed they are better than the other because of the group they are in. Brown and Adams (1986) found
that people strive to find differences between their group and others even when they appear highly similar, also Insko and his colleagues (1988) posed
a theory to explain in–group bias and the increased competition and hostility that appear to follow. They found that when members of a group reached a
consensus on...show more content...
In–group bias helps individuals organize their world and place themselves in that world, persons. Persons learned to react base on their loyalties;
they defend those groups that are important to their definition of who they are. The stronger the loyalties the more likely members of a group are
to hold to similar views and endorse similar strategy. So the shift needs to be moved from loyalty to a group by developing attitudes of dislike for
persons who does not belong to their group and be placed on standing up for the right, developing loyalty to one's country because of the love has
for the country and the sense of belonging and concern for the well being of the country, much energy is wasted in tying to exalt one's nation by
imposing laws or rules that causes people to dislike or look down on other because of the group they belong to instead the energy should be put to use
in uniting the people for one common cause that is seeing each other as equal and seeing each other as brothers and sisters no matter what group,
nation or religious group one is affiliated

Biases in Decision Making
Section 1: background information regarding biases in decision making In this section we will be discussing some of the cognitive biases that
have been debated the most. Selective search for evidence is a kind of biases which, in psychology, is also known as the confirmation bias. This is
a type of bias where we gather facts willingly when they are in favour of particular conclusions while we disregard some facts which aren't in the
favour of that conclusion (Perneger and Agoritsas, 2011). Premature termination of search for evidence is the type of bias in which we usually
accept the very first alternative we come across which looks like it probably would work. Inertia is another kind of bias where we are not willing to
change our thought patterns in light of the present situation only because we have used them in the past. Contrariness or rebelliousness is when in
front of an authority that you perceive to be oppressive you become unwilling with regards to sharing your view (Perneger and Agoritsas, 2011).
Experiential limitations when we are not able to or not willing to let go of our past experiences. Selective perception is when we deliberately
screen–out or ignore the information that we think is not important or related. Wishful thinking or optimism, this is when we see things only in a
positive way. Anchoring and adjustment is the kind of bias in which we let our initial observations have an impact on the decisions that we make later
on as well (Perneger and

Essay On Bias
After writing my first bias narrative I have a new perspective on being biased towards complex topics that can be debatable. The essay helped me
become aware of other people's thoughts and opinions. The way I was raised had influenced me to always lean toward a certain direction and I
always had a bias perspective on things. Bias, prejudice, and discrimination are all common terms because they connect to each other in a certain way. I
don't want to be the person that draws conclusions based on what I learned and what I've been taught.
The only challenge I faced was having to work in groups. I am an anti–social person and the last thing I wanted was be placed in a group with
strangers. But I realized they probably feel the same way I do and it will be awkward at first but eventually, we'll get used to each other. I was right,
we all started talking about more than just our assignment and began to bond. I enjoyed having conversations with them and still being able to focus
on what needs to be done. Although it was not easy to overcome...show more content...
The class discussion helps me be more open–minded to what is happening in society and our government. For example, when I researching my topic
for my group project which is social media I thought about how it strongly has an effect on us and we are too blinded to notice. My favorite activity
was going to the Art Gallery because the artwork and portraits caught my attention. My favorite one was the Cheerleaders Double by Derek Fordjour
because of the way he created an art piece using just newspapers. In addition, the woman that explained each art piece interpreted ideas that I did not
think of when I was roaming the art gallery. I think it's fascinating how a person can explain many themes and hidden messages just by staring at the
work. After the art exhibition, it made me appreciate art more and be observant on what the artist is trying to

Bias Essay
Bias
What does the word bias mean? Bias is a mental predilection or prejudice. The essay "The View from the Bottom Rail" by James West
Davidson and
Mark Hamilton Lytle opened my eyes on how American history could be looked at as one sided and even bias. Even today there is still bias in
America. In today's society, racism and stereotyping occur in all aspects of life. It can occur because of one's gender, race, religion, culture, economic
status, etc. It even occurs amongst our finest, our law enforcement officials.
"The View from the Bottom Rail" explains the history of slavery.
It implies a lack...show more content...
There were two interviews done on the same lady named Susan Hamlin by two different interviewers. One interviewer was a white lady named Jessie
Butler and the other was a black man named Augustus Ladsons. Susan thought
Jessie was from the welfare office. Susan possibly told Jessie what she thought
Jessie would want to hear in order to increase her chances of getting a welfare check. She spoke of her master as though he was the kindest. All the
slaves loved their master. He gave them shoes in the winter. He kept the children with their mothers and when the war started he took everyone
including the slaves to a safer place. On the other hand, Susan told Augustus a totally different story. She spoke of the whippings in cruel detail. She
also spoke of how the slaves families were torn apart, and children were taken from their mothers. There were no shoes given to the slaves in the
winter. Which interview is closest to the truth? How do you tell?
In my past I have experienced many bias situations. I am a
Puerto Rican male living in America. I have hazel eyes and light skin. Because of my eyes and skin color, I have been mistaken for Caucasian. I
have had to deal with people calling me "white boy" all the time. As a child, one of my uncles gave me the nick name
"gringo", Spanish word for white boy. I grew up in
East New York (Brooklyn, NY), which is a predominantly African

Example Of Bias Research Paper
Bias is the prejudice for or against one thing compared with another, that is usually considered unfair. Being biased is similar to being stereotypical,
only bias is based on personal preference and not the characteristics of a group as a whole. Bias can be as simple as calling someone names, or it can
go as far as not serving someone in a restaurant because they are of a certain race. Bias goes even further than the common people, and has been around
since the earlier days of the United States. During Abraham Lincoln's time, many newspapers were closed for being biased against the South, but it
gets worse. Bias has existed everywhere, and without any change, it will continue to influence the media and the society of today.
Implicit social...show more content...
Bias by Placement is one of the most common types of bias, this is when a website or newspaper places new stories to hide the views and events
that that website or newspaper does not agree with, or that is to believed to be less important. Near the top of the page of the online magazine Air
Force Times, are stories of cyber attacks on the Pentagon and at the bottom are stories of Marines getting in trouble and other stories about
Veterans. This is an example of Bias by Placement because the more "important" stories are near the top where they are more likely to be noticed
and the bias by omission is another type of bias that is commonly used. This is used when one side of an article, or specific articles are left out over
time. An example of bias by omission would be if firefighters battled a fire for hours on end to save a group of puppies, and then the news
channels leave out the fact that the puppies were from a nearby animal shelter. The information left out would raise the questions of "How did the
puppies get out, and How did they end up in a building that was on fire?" Lastly is bias by labeling, which is when a reporter or news station does not
label a liberal as such or a conservative as such. It also happens if only the liberal is labeled, or vice versa, and when a person in the story is given a
title they do not deserve. If a person was labeled as a "Biology Expert" and they were really a biology intern then this would be bias by labeling.
Bias is much more than labeling, omission, and placement; news reporters could simply add their own spin to a story to change the tone of the story.
It could also be as extreme as searching for quotes and sources that agree directly with what that said reporter, or news station, believe

Unconscious Bias Essay
Unconscious bias is prejudices influencing individual thoughts and behaviours, influencing decision–making mainly owing to the judgements about
other individuals and situations, without enough information. Unconscious bias affects the recruitment and selection in organisations as individuals or
human elements have a significant contribution to the success of these processes (Beattie and Johnson 2012). The objective of recruitment and
selection in any organisation is to attract the most potential and capable candidates therefore to select the most suitable applicants for appropriate jobs.
Unconscious bias from stereotyping stems mainly from race and gender and has been studied in great detail from manufacturing, technology to the
financial, and professional service industries (Collins 2007). However less research has been explored on unconscious bias affecting the recruitment
and selection process within the retail fashion industry (Guryan and Charles 2013). The retail fashion sector is an enormous industry in the UK and
there are many branded fashion retailers having...show more content...
The stores attracted customers with "physical attractiveness" of the store employees and quite clearly there is an argument of unconscious bias in the
practice of hiring employees based on physical attractiveness as considered by Shahani–Denning (2003) in the study. Although numerous lawsuits
under employment legislation were filed, most of them were based on conscious discrimination and quite interestingly there are no laws governing
discriminatory practices under hiring based on "physical attractiveness". However the brand image of Abercrombie and Fitch is dependent on the
outward projection of physical appearance and hence there is a rationale for the argument of hiring physically attractive store staff to attract more

IAT Bias
The invention of the IAT test by Anthony Greenwald has made it possible to delve into the unknown areas of one's brain. This is done by quickly
asking the subject to answer questions and then the IAT determines which characteristics the subject associates with certain groups of people. Some of
the categories addressed by the test include race, gender, weight, and status. Prior to taking an IAT I was aware biases were present in my brain, but
one test result in particular surprised me the most, the gender career IAT. After receiving feedback I was forced to reflect on this bias I was not so
strongly aware of before and realized it has the capability to affect my future.
On the gender – career test I received a strong preference towards associating men with careers. This caused me to realize I have hidden biases I am
unaware of. Blindspot mentions that everyone has biases and orderly living depends on them(Banaji, 80), so before taking the exam I was aware
biases played a role in my mind. Although, I wouldn't have believed one of my hidden biases would be that males are more suit for careers and
women should stay at home and care for children. Ever since I was a young child, my parents have instilled into me the passion to become successful,
regardless of my gender. Now, as a...show more content...
There are many obstacles I will have to overcome in order to achieve my goal. I do not want the hurdle that makes me fail to be merely a thought
inside my brain. As stated in Blindspot, those being negatively stereotyped may adjust themselves to fit what others believe of them(Binaji, 93). If
this bias plays a role on me, like referenced in Blindspot, I may not reach my full potential. The IAT revealed my association of men with careers, so
my hidden mind bug believes that I, as a woman, should not become a doctor, but should stay at home with my family. This is not what I want to do in
my life, so I have to make sure to fight this

Media Bias Essay
Media Bias
Is the Media Bias? Many people including myself believe that it is. On the other hand, there are people who believe that media is not biased and
just states facts. These people (i.e. my dad), who believe that media is not biased also believe that everything on TV is true, in my experience. We
see bias in media (print or broadcast) many times. It might be the subtlest of things that is unnoticeable to more blatant attempts. The fact is bias is
everywhere and it is very difficult to separate the two. The reasons why it is difficult are not clearly understood by my self but I can point toward the
fact that everyone is the world has opinions and in some way or form it will be presented in the way they talk or write. The...show more content...
However, very quickly, the articles comes to "candidate bashing" by each candidate rather then discussing the issues the articles focuses on what each
other says about the other. One thing that really stood out, in five of the seven articles, are discussions of George Bush's activities were discussed prior
to discussion of Al Gore. At first, I thought that maybe it was a fluke and writer was following an alphabetical order procedure to present the article.
But, when I read the two articles that discussed Al Gore's activities first it struck me that this is a very important aspect of any writing. This struck
me as important because I believe that the position that the writer usually supports is the one that is discussed first and the contrast it with another
view. By discussing George Bush first the ideas of Bush are imbedded in the mind and then when discussion of Al Gore is presented it is in the mind
to compare it with the previous discussion. This might not necessarily be true but I do feel strongly about this claim. The reason why is, when
someone wants to present a unbiased presentation they will compare and contrast the positions of both candidates throughout the whole article and not
separate it into two sections. Next, words and phrases chosen to describe the candidates' activities imply bias towards Al Gore. In almost every article
I found some words or phrases that gave the impression

Personal Bias Research Paper
When discussing whether people have a bias or not, most people would answer that they do not have one or at the least not one they can think of. I
too normally will answer that I do not believe I have a bias and tend to treat everyone and everything equally. But when we really sit down and
reflex back on our thoughts and behaviors it becomes clear that most everyone has a bias of some type whether it is against or for a person, place
or idea. Most everyone, including myself, has one or more biases that we contend with daily. In this paper, I will discuss my personal bias I have
toward panhandlers, the origin of this bias, how it could maybe affect my career and possible solutions to my bias. I have always had to work for
everything I own...show more content...
In a professional setting, one must act and present themselves as a professional, treat everyone equally and exactly as one would expect to be treated
if he or she were the patient. Be honest with oneself and realize I have no idea what this person's personal life is, what their financial situation is, or
how they came to need medical care. At the end of the day, I personallywant to go home and be proud that I helped a fellow human in need with their
care regardless of their personal life or social

The Effects Of Implicit Bias On Society
In today's society, announcing one's aversion towards people different from them is the fastest way receive ridicule. In general, society has
progressed to a point where being xenophobic, racist, and sexist is socially unacceptable. Despite this progress, society still suffers from the effects
of racism, xenophobia, and sexism. Why is that? The answer has to do with the fact that while explicit expressions of these behaviors are seen as
unacceptable, implicit associations still permeate our society. These associations lead to implicit bias. Implicit bias is readily becoming the most
pervasive form of bias in our society. It contributes to both micro and macro–level inequalities, and raising awareness of implicit bias is crucial in order
to suppress its effects on society. This paper will start with a discussion of what implicit bias is. This will be followed by a discussion of the effects
of implicit bias. It will conclude with a discussion of how implicit bias can be combatted. Implicit bias is bias in one's judgment or behavior that
results from one's unconscious associations. In order to thoroughly discuss implicit bias, implicit associations must first be examined. Implicit
associations refer to one's unconscious associations between a group and how one feels about said group. For example, a person may subconsciously
associate straight people as "normal" and homosexuals as "wrong". They may have this unconscious association even if they do not express this opinion

Bias Reflection
During discussion in class, we talked about what the chapter had to say about how information is gathered and bias. I found this part of the chapters
interesting, because it was related in class in a way that I understood. Suddenly, I was thinking about times when I had looked at CNN or Fox News.
They always talk about similar topics, but they always have different outcomes for the research. I began to wonder what other topics this could relate
to, and I started to become more aware of data with disclaimers or data with endorsements. I was able to find out more about this topic. Upon looking
at some graphs, I found a vast amount of research with endorsements had skewed graphs. The graphs were minimized or maximized to look a certain
way. In

Bias In The Media Bias
There are many different hidden truths in the media that people do not know about due to the fact that the media emphasizes on just one particular
point of view. Throughout the years, people have been biased in the media and the reason as to why this happens is that people choose to lean on
one side such as republican, democrat, libertarian, or conservative. To be biased means to only be on one side of an argument or situation and only
favor more of what one person has to say. There are a variety of different news channels in which they all tend to lean more on one side, there is not a
single news channel that is on the same side as another. There are many current events that have multiple contentious between other news channels.
The viewers...show more content...
Whether it is news channels on the television or whether it is Twitter and Facebook news, the public will always have a way to find out current
reports. Since society has become so dependent on technology, a greater amount of individuals get their actual news online and especially through
social media. As many of the public know, you cannot trust what people online are saying. Since individuals are so accustomed to getting the news
online, many of them tend to believe what they just happen to scroll across on Twitter and Facebook or any other sort of social media. Finding
actual facts and truths on the news have become so difficult now, due to all of the millions of different sites and places where we can get our news
from. The news online tend to be biased and untrue due to how openly and freely individuals can create their own site and "reports" on current events
such as a real news channels would. Social media has just made it more complicated to find the actual accuracy of current events but with enough
research, dedication, and using the SMELL test, finding the right information would not be as

Media Bias Essay
Media Bias Influencing Political Decisions Media bias, the bias of journalist or news reporters with mass media around the world. Media bias plays a
huge part in today's society with everything we see in the media but media is especially bias when it comes to politics. Politics are the activities of
government concerning the political relations between countries. Media bias can be anything from uneven information on certain events, not telling the
full truth; which is telling a whole lie, only telling half of the true story, or only getting information from somebody or something that is bias. In
today's society media bias is a huge problem because people tend to be bias without even knowing it. News reporters or journalist may be writing or
reporting something and not even realize that they are being bias about the information they are giving. Although some people believe media bias is
just a perception and it is not actually happening in media, many people know that media bias is a problem and is shaping many people's opinions.
According to Richard Goldkamp, "Bias can undermine the effort to provide accurate news coverage" (3). This means that people are not getting the
full truth when looking at a news story or a journal because it is biased. When something is bias, it can make a person believe something that they
shouldn't because the whole truth was not given or the truth was twisted. In order to fix this problem of media bias in politics, reporters and journalists
need

Essay On Media Bias
The media has developed its own way of captivating viewers' attention, and more importantly opinions, by frequently using an excessive amount of
bias. The term bias means to feel or show inclination or prejudice for or against someone or something. Bias is not only tied to people, it is tied to
opinions as well. It is common to see media sources stating its opinion on a topic, persuasion into believing the same details as the media, is its
equivalent. The media is notoriously known to only show the public what should be seen. News stories are aired night after night in which only a
portion of the story is being told, initially leading viewers to believe the same thing as the news sources. By implementing the use of bias, the public
has developed...show more content...
John Stossel is a mainstream media journalist who was fired from his job after stating that the media contained bias and that he is a Libertarian.
Stossel had worked for 2020 and was a crowd favorite, he pulled in many viewers and never received bad reviews, luring society into sharing his same
viewpoints. In an interview with John Stossel titled, Dealing with Media Bias, Bernard Goldberg breaks down the reasoning as to why the media is
considered to be biased. Goldberg says in the interview that the reason behind media–related bias is due to the fact that truths may be told that the
media may not want to deal with, thus, avoiding conversation. This just goes to show that professionals are actively knowledgeable about the
bias which is being projected into the media and will do whatever it takes to keep one side of the story hidden. If one side of a story doesn't match
up with what a news source is displaying to the public, it simply gets left out all because the source may not have a way to defend itself when the
public becomes curious of potentially excluded factors. Bias in the media is inevitable, every news source is going to have its own opinion on a
topic and as a society the only thing that can be done to properly choose one's stance on an idea is to further investigate which source provides the
most accurate and credible

Cognitive Biases Essay
In human lives, individuals keep on experiencing about themselves and the world, in which they are living, which create personal theories about the
person itself and social environment. It is that source of the knowledge for a person, which serves as an individual's cognitive filter and influence
different aspects of individual's thought. Such theories represent cognitive schemata which are mostly not based on real life experiences. More
often they reflect positively biased descriptions of the world or the self and are therefore often called positive illusions (Taylor & Brown, 1988) or
positive cognitive biases (Cummins & Nistico, 2002). Most commonly described positive illusions include, positive view of self, illusion of control,
and unrealistic optimism. Positive cognitive biases or positive illusions have been much criticized for their role in maintaining and promoting
psychological well being (Taylor and Brown 1988, 1994). Much of the criticism is based on the notion that it is rational thought and not the distortion
of reality that predicts mental health (Colvin & Block, 1994; Myers & Brewin, 1996). The answer of this criticism is by differentiating between
delusions and cognitive biases (Cummins and Nistico, 2002). According to them delusional beliefs are incongruent...show more content...
So BJW has been considered another positive illusion which is not generally caused by direct experience of just and unjust experience in life (Dalbert,
2001). On the other hand this notion implies that people perceive more justice for themselves than for others. Although, a recent study by Sutton et al.
(2008), has challenged this claim with the findings that strength of BJW is affected by knowledge of just and unjust events in the world. There are
different strategies which are very useful for maintaining the belief in a just world in threaten

Implicit Bias
Implicit bias plays a significant role in today's society, whether the members realize it or not. The online Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
says," 'Implicit bias' is a term of art referring to a relatively unconscious and relatively automatic features of prejudiced judgement and social
behavior" (Brownstein 2015). Implicit biases are often based on stereotypes. Stereotypes, as defined by OpenStax, are "oversimplified ideas about
groups of people" (OpenStax College 2015:248). Implicit biases can be problematic for many reasons. One way implicit biases are troublesome is
due to the fact that it is unconscious, so it is usually out of a person's control. People are often unaware of their own and how they use it. A very
common way implicit biases are seen in society is through discrimination. Discrimination is defined as "prejudiced action against a group of people"
(OpenStax College 2015:248). If a man and a woman are considered as potentials for being hired, the employer may have an implicit bias either
towards or against men or women influencing them to hire one over the other based on their gender. This exemplifies a modern concern of gender
discrimination as well. Implicit biases can come in many forms from gender, race, weight, sexuality, and many more. These factors can influence an
individual's treatment of others if they have significant bias. In society, these implicit biases can negatively influence minority and other groups and
lead to inequality.
Many people

Reflection On Biases And Prejudice

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Reflection On Biases And Prejudice