2. Anatomy
• It is the senstive and inner most layer of the
eye
• Derived from neural ectoderm
• Extend from optic disc centrally to ora serrata
peripherally……..
4. 1. The pigment epithelium
2. The rods and cones
3. The external limiting membrane
4. The outer nuclear layer
5. The outer plexiform layer
6. The inner nuclear layer
7. The inner plexiform layer
8. The ganglion cells
9. The nerve fiber layer
10.The internal limiting membrane
5.
6. Blood Supply of the Retina
(1) The outer laminae, including the rods and
cones and outer nuclear layer, are supplied
by the choroidal capillaries
(2) The inner laminae are supplied by the central artery and vein.
central retinal vein ….drain into cavernous sinus
15. How to test the center of the retina =
macula = macular function tests
• Form sense: VA
• Colour sense:
Clear media: ishihara colour book
Opaque media:
Ophthalmoscope
coloured filters + light source
30. Embolization is the most common cause of obstruction to the retinal
circulation, e.g. an embolus from a vegetation on one of the valves of
the heart in cases of subacute bacterial endocarditis
Degenerative changes within the arterial wall, e.g.
arteriosclerosis or atherosclerosis.
