conjuctivitis in opthamology

1. CONJUCTIVITIS

3. • Conjunctivitis, also known as pinkeye, is
an inflammation of the conjunctiva.
• The conjunctiva is the thin clear tissue that
lies over the white part of the eye and lines
the inside of the eyelid.
• It is common in Children

4. Causes
• Viruses, including the kind that causes the
common cold
• Bacteria ie staphlococci, chlamidia
• Irritants such as shampoos, dirt, smoke, and pool
chlorine
• A reaction to eye drops
• An allergic reaction to things like pollen, dust, or
smoke.
• Fungi, amoebas, and parasites

5. TYPES OF CONJUCTIVITIS
• Viral are the most common -- and may be the most
contagious -- forms. They tend to start in one eye, where
they cause lots of tears and a watery discharge. Within a
days, the other eye gets involved.
• Bacterial usually infect one eye but can show up in both. Your eye will
put out a lot of pus and mucus.
• Allergic types produce tearing, itching, and redness in both eyes. You
might also have an itchy, runny nose.
• Ophthalmia neonatorum is a severe form that affects newborns. It can
be caused by chlamidia and can lead to permanent eye damage or
blindness.

6. Signs and symptoms
• Redness in the white of the eye or inner eyelid
• Swollen conjunctiva
• Tearing
• Thick yellow discharge that crusts over the eyelashes, especially
after sleep.
• Green or white discharge from the eye
• Itchy eyes
• Photophobia
• Blurred vision

7. diagnosis
• History taking
• Physical examination
• Eye swab for culture and sensitivity

8. TREATMENT
• Viruses: treat symptomatically with anti-histamins ie
dexamethaxone eye drops, give analgesic : Panadol,
advice patient to wear dark goggles.
• Bacteria. Chloramphenical eye drops, ciprofloxacin
eye drops, TEO
• Allergic: use anti-histamin to control the irritation

9. CLEANING OF THE EYE
• Eye cleaning can be done in patients who have discharges
/crusts or just before instillation of eye drops.
• The nurse uses warm saline/water, gets a cotton swab and
socks the eye lids to make it easy for the crust to dislodge.
• Cleaning of the eye starts from inner canthus to the out.
• The cleans to remove the dirt.

10. INSTILATION OF EYE DROPS