Geological view-interlinking of rivers in india. advantages and disadvantages

1. Presented by
PASUPATHI S
II M.Sc.,
Dept of geology
Presidency college (Autonomous)
Chennai-05
Email: pasugeo@gmail.com
Geological view - Interlinking of rivers in India

2. Water Budget of India
 India gets approximately 4000 Billion cubic meters (BCM) of water every
year from all natural sources.
 Out of this 700 BCM are lost in evaporation and another 700 are lost during
the flow on ground.
 The large part of water namely 1500 BCM flows into the sea due to floods.
 Thus, the remaining available water is only 1100 BCM.
 Out of this ground water recharge accounts for 430 BCM per year and the
present utilized surface water is 370 BCM.
 The balance unutilized water which can be harnessed is 300 BCM

3. HISTORY - INTERLINKING OF RIVERS IN INDIA
 During the British colonial rule, for example, the 19th century engineer Arthur Cotton proposed
the plan to interlink major Indian rivers
 Post independence In the 1970s, K.L. Rao, a former irrigation minister proposed "National Water
Grid".
 1974-“Garland canal” proposal by captain Dastur .
 1980-Ministry of water resources frames the National perspective plan(NPP) .
 1982-The National water development agency (NWDA) set up to carry out pre – feasibility studies
.
 Aug 15, 2002- President Abdul Kalam mentions the need for river linking in his independence day
speech .
 Oct 2002- Supreme court recommends that the government formulate a plan to link the major
Indian rivers by the year 2012.
 Dec 2002- Govt. appointed a task force on interlinking of 37 rivers led by Mr. Suresh Prabhu. The
deadline was revised to 2016.

4. Dr. Abdul Kalam Article about Indian
Rivers Inter-link

6. Interlinking of rivers – Advantages
 Flood Control
 Drought proofing
 Irrigation
 Hydropower generation
 Food grains production
 water for every citizen
 Navigation

7. Interlinking of rivers - Disadvantages
 Interlinking of rivers will cause huge amount of distortion in the existing
environment. In order to create canals and reservoirs, there will be mass
deforestation. This will have impact on rains and in turn affect the whole cycle of
life.
 Usually rivers change their course and direction in about 100 years and if this
happens after interlinking, then the project will not be feasible for a longer run.
 Due to interlinking of rivers, there will be decrease in the amount of fresh water
entering seas and this will cause a serious threat to the marine life system and will
be a major ecological disaster.
 Due to the creation of Canals and Reservoirs, huge amount of area which is
occupied by the people will be submerged leading to displacement of people and
government will have to spend more to rehabilitate these people.

8. Dissolved substance
in river water in sea water
Substance Concentration
(ppm)
Concentration
(%)
Bicarbonate 58.8 48.7
Calcium 15 12.4
Silica 13.1 10.8
Chlorite 7.8 6.5
Sodium 6.3 5.2
Magnesium 4.1 3.4
Substance Concentration
(ppm)
Concentration
(%)
Bicarbonate 0.140 0.41
Calcium 0.400 1.16
Chlorite 18.980 55.04
Sodium 10.556 30.61
Magnesium 1.272 3.69

9. Geological view
The golden mole, a small mammal native to southern Africa, is the world's
only known iridescent mammal
Every time because of flooding in river,
Calcium carbonate gets mixed with ocean. It
is the only food source of all plankton.
Instead of these elements, it is possible to
live other all boneless animal.

10. In Arthropoda family Agnostus, a speacious
which had vision in the period of lower
Cambrian.
As the time passes Eodiscus belonged to
the same family had begun loosing it’s vision
by low supply of calcium carbonate in
middle Cambrian.

11. A
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12. Thank You…