Epidemiology Paper On Hiv

Epidemiology Paper on Hiv
Amanda Hough
Grand Canyon University: Family Centered Health Promotion
May 16, 2014
HIV stands for human immunodeficiency virus. It can lead to immunodeficiency syndrome or AIDS. It is caused by the HIV entering the uninfected
body and stats to destroy CD4+cells which are there to help the body fight infection and disease (Webmd.com, 2014). Once you have HIV, you have it
for life. More than 1.1 million people in United States alone are living with HIV and 1 out of 6 font even know it. About 50,000 people are infected
with HIV each year (Cdc.gov, 2014). It is more commonly see in the gay community particularly young black males. In 2011 an estimated that 15,529
people had died. (Aids.gov, 2014)
HIV is spread by having unprotected sex...show more content...
Testing to see if you have been infected with HIV is easy. There is a rapid HIV test available where they use a blood sample to look for antibodies to
HIV. This test takes about twenty minutes if positive follow up testing in necessary (Cdc.gov, 2014).
Treatment for HIV is just to control the disease. They use a combination of drug therapies known as cocktails. This way when the virus figures out how
to get around one there is another drug to block it from duplicating itself.
The social determinants of health are the circumstances in which people are born, grow up, live, work, and age, as well as the systems put in place to
deal with illness. Social determinants for HIV would be in the poor black community where people are unable to afford condoms, new needles and are
uneducated in this disease. The epidemiologic triangle is a model that scientists have developed for studying health problems and how they spread. The
epidemiologic triangle of this disease would be the host (the human), environment (which tends to be lower income black community's) and agent
(HIV).
Community health nurses find out information about the community's involvement and knowledge. They use their clinical understanding and
experience to bring information to the community's about different health issues in that area. For example if HIV was increasing in their area they
would collect the numbers and data and bring it to the attention of other health care agencies to bring
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Hiv Aids Conclusions
Conclusion to HIV Aids
Media has a powerful role to play in educating the world. It was years ago, that Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome, the disease now recognized
all over the world as AIDS, was first detected and recorded in Asia. Over the past two decades, the infection rate has grown rapidly in Asia, which is
now second number to Africa in the number of HIV positive people.
In Pakistan, HIV and AIDS was first detected in 1986 and according to UNAIDS estimates, this country now has over 80,000 infected people...and
counting.
HIV/AIDS programming needs to become part of the DNA of media companies globally. In the beginning of the advertising campaign against AIDS in
the initial years... a time when media men were scared to even write...show more content...
This ad explains that peer group discussions can be effective for creating awareness for safe sex.
In Pakistan recent days a condom ad with the song "suno zara khushi ki aahat" is running on PTV (Pakistan television) with the collaboration of
Green Star (family planning organization). This ad is a song based story in which a happy newly married family with a new born baby has shown.
There is not mention in all the song that it's about the use of condom but at the end of the song 5–6 second logo of the condom has shown.
Although the mass media awareness campaigns have not been successful, some developing countries have successfully used the media to combat the
epidemic. Media does have the potential to contribute significantly to disseminating this HIV/AIDS messages if utilized effectively and efficiently.
Radio is used by the majority of the people in the rural areas therefore radio can be effectively used in the HIV/AIDS awareness.
The hypothesis of this research was that "HIV/AIDS awareness campaigns through the media were not effective" was proved otherwise. Media was
accessible to both the rural and urban areas and people were aware of the mode of HIV transmission, however there was still misconception

HIV Qualitative Research Critique Paper
HIV Qualitative Research Critique: Draft Research is relevant to nursing with a specific end goal to interpret obstructions, increment estimation of
patient care, propose new thoughts for future research, and shape the benchmarks at which we rehearse at. Studying research permits experts the
capacity to decide qualities and shortcomings in every specific piece. Evaluating is imperative to bolster or expose conclusions found by the
examination directed. Supporting or exposing research takes into consideration medical attendants to reinforce proper patient mediations and execute
them with the most extreme endorsement. It is imperative for me to understand how to properly critique research for my career as a nurse so that I can
stand by the medical...show more content...
Proper critiquing is also vital when holding a position of management to oversee interventions implemented by other nurses under my supervision.
Critiques may likewise be done as learning experiences or to help give suitable input to the creator before distribution. As for this situation, I have
critiqued 2 research articles as an instructive affair for my nursing education. Peltzer, Domian, and Teel (2015) examine the everyday impacts of having
a HIV positive status as a youthful African–American woman in a Midwestern metropolitan city. Udonkhamsuk, Fongkaew, Grimes, Viseskul, and
Kasatpibal (2014) examine the treatment adherence of Thai youth who are likewise living with an HIV/Helps status. The significance of the critique
of these research articles and evidenced based practice is to understand the strategy for thinking, for teaching, and for nursing proposals for HIV/AIDS
positive patients. Moreover will give spots for advancement in our healthcare framework

Hiv / Aids Research Paper Essay
Cinnamon Deleon
HIV/AIDS Research Paper
California Baptist University
Background Human Immunodeficiency Virus is HIV that develops into AIDS, which is Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. This virus starts to
break down white blood cells, as a result the immune system starts to deteriorate and our greatest shield cannot fight any longer (Mayo Clinic, 2016).
The CDC (2015) states, that over 1.2 million people live with HIV in the United States and most who are infected are oblivious of their disease.
Healthy people 2020 has declared HIV a public health crisis in the United States, and continues to sweep the nation with more than 500,000 new cases
each year (HealthyPeople2020,2016).
This history of HIV/AIDS as a blurry timeline before the 1980's since that was around the time reports came in which eventually become an HIV
report. The origin of HIV can be traced back to the early part of the century. Some believe that in the 1920's chimpanzees from the Congo came into
contact with humans (Avert, 2016). Though reports were not identified as HIV until the 1980's, the belief that HIV was already scattered throughout
four other continents may have been incident (Avert, 2016). Even though for the past 30 years the world has been diligently working to find a cure
and pushing prevention, we are still struggling each year with increasing diagnosis. The beginning of HIV did end with lots of death, but now with our
improved antiviral medication there is hope for many.

HIV Epidemic Paper
HIV is a global epidemic that has haunted our world for many years. In 1968, a 15 year old black male was hospitalized and died from complications
of Kaposi Sarcoma. This is the earliest diagnosis of HIV in North America. The purpose of this paper is to identify Human Immunodeficiency Virus
(HIV) and describe its history, character, determinants, epidemiological triangle, and demographic of interest. Within this document the reader will
learn the community health nurses' role in case finding, reporting, data collecting, data analysis and follow–up. The reader will learn about the chain of
infection and the epidemiological triangle and how to prevent contracting the virus and care after diagnosis. Resources for people living with HIV will
...show more content...
HIV can and will infect anyone who comes into contact with it. There are 1.1 million people in the United States that are infected with HIV but that
number is small when looking at it as a global pandemic. Globally, the World Health Organization estimates that there are 35 million living with HIV
(who.int). Greater than 2/3 of people infected with HIV live in the Sub–Saharan Africa region (amfar.org). The people in this particular region do not
have access to healthcare, clean water or HIV prevention methods such as condoms. Statistics also reveal that black men and women are more at risk
for becoming infected with HIV due to poor economic status and under

HIV Research Paper
Introduction The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) came about after an epidemic of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) surfaced in
the 1980's affecting the lives of gay men. It was first said to be gay related immune deficiency (GRID) (Baeten, 2012) and was sexually transmitted.
This deadly disease has caused millions of deaths, but during its thirty plus years of existence; many breakthroughs have come about to make this a
treatable disease. A few years later, cases of females being infected surfaced and it was believed that this disease was transmitted from heterosexual
intercourse (Coates, 2014). Then there were cases of young children developing AIDS which was believed to be transmitted from an infected mother
while carrying...show more content...
Literature Review This research will primarily show how precautionary measures such as; ART therapy and Pre–Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) therapy,
and monogamy will allow a serodiscordant couple (one infected partner and one non–infected partner) to have normal sexual practices and lower
infection rates to the uninfected person in this dual relationship. Researchers have found if the infected person in a serodiscordant relationship is
following the prescribed regimen, then transmission of the disease is 96% less likely to be passed to the HIV negative partner (Quinn, 2010) In 2010,
because of extensive clinical testing, a new therapy for HIV prevention was created. Pre–Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEp) is a prevention method that
treats the uninfected partner with an orally administered antiretroviral medication. The Center for Disease Control supported the study, which was
conducted in the United States and other countries with the hope being that this prevention strategy would lower infection rates. Studies conducted
using the PrEp therapy in men having sex with men resulted in lower infection rates. (Gray RH, 2011). When the HIV negative partner in a
homosexual serodiscordant relationship takes the PrEp each day, risk factors are lessened by 100% (Del Romero, 2010)). In heterosexual couples the
stats were 12% lower, but it is unknown if medication was taken daily

AIDS and HIV Essay
HIV, or the Human Immunodeficiency Virus, is a virus which damages and kills cells of the immune system. It attacks the T
–cells, key cells of the
immune system, and uses them to make copies of itself. After being infected with the virus it progressively interferes and eventually destroys the
immune system's ability to fight the anti–genes. HIV may develop into the syndrome AIDS, the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome. HIV is an STD
– a sexually transmitted disease – and therefore most commonly it is spread through sexual contact, and the virus mainly enters the body through the
penis, mouth, lining of the vagina or vulva during sexual activity. HIV can also be spread through sharing syringes or needles with someone who is
infected with the...show more content...
This often leads to them being treated differently and badly. Often, they get the denial of education for HIV positive children, the denial of equal
opportunities for employment and the lack of access to equal health care.
HIV is a virus that is spread almost all over the world. Although in some places health care isn't as developed and therefore it spreads more in those
regions. Sub–Saharan Africa holds more than 70%, 25 million, of all HIV positive people in the world. Second highest is Eastern Europe together
with Central Asia with 1.3 million. It is spread over most of the world, including Asia and the Pacific, the Caribbean, Central and South America, North
Africa and the Middle East and Western and Central Europe ("The Regional Picture").
Currently, there are no vaccines and no cures for HIV or AIDS, although scientists are researching and finding new drugs and treatments. So far,
scientists have discovered a variety of drugs and medication that can be used to control and slow the virus and the progression of the disease. There
are some drugs which interfere with the virus ability to make copies of itself by disabling a protein it needs, like Non–nucleoside reverse transcriptase
inhibitors. If someone is diagnosed with HIV, it is important to start with treatments as soon as possible.
In Sweden, where I live, the disease is not even seen as deadly anymore. Only approximately 6,500 Swedes are today infected

HIV and AIDS Essay
HIV is the human immunodeficiency virus that causes AIDS. A member of a group of viruses called retroviruses, HIV infects human cells and uses
the energy and nutrients provided by those cells to grow and reproduce. AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) is a disease in which the body's
immune system breaks down and is unable to fight off certain infections, known as "opportunistic infections," and other illnesses that take advantage of
a weakened immune system. When a person is infected with HIV, the virus enters the body and lives and multiplies primarily in the white blood cells.
These are the immune cells that normally protect us from disease.
The hallmark of HIV infection is the progressive loss of a specific...show more content...
Most of them do not know they carry HIV and may be spreading the virus to others. Here in the U.S., nearly one million people have HIV infection or
AIDS, or roughly one out of every 250 people. At least 40,000 Americans become newly infected with HIV each year, and it is estimated that half of
all people with HIV in the U.S. have not been tested and do not know they are carrying the virus.
Since the beginning of the epidemic, AIDS has killed more than 30 million people worldwide, including more than 500,000 Americans. AIDS has
replaced malaria and tuberculosis as the world's deadliest infectious disease among adults and is the fourth leading cause of death worldwide. Over 13
million children have been orphaned by the epidemic. A person who is HIV–infected carries the virus in certain body fluids, including blood, semen,
vaginal secretions, and breast milk. The virus can be transmitted only if such HIV–infected fluids enter the bloodstream of another person. This kind of
direct entry can occur (1) through the linings of the vagina, rectum, mouth, and the opening at the tip of the penis; (2) through intravenous injection
with a syringe; or (3) through a break in the skin, such as a cut or sore. Usually, HIV is transmitted through:
Unprotected sexual intercourse (either vaginal or anal) with someone who is HIV infected.
Women are at greater risk of HIV infection through vaginal sex than men, although

HIV/AIDS Research Paper
HIV/AIDS
Throughout history, few illnesses have carried as much significance as Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome or AIDS. Similar human catastrophes
have presented in our history such as, bubonic plague, leprosy and tuberculosis. All of these dreaded sicknesses have caused pain and suffering across
cultures. Pain is associated with the physical distress of the patient, suffering is culturally distinctive, it describes the affliction of the human spirit and
how community members cope with it. AIDS has given moral "do–gooders" a ripe opportunity to condemn others for behaviors which do not coincide
with their perceived values. Globally, Americans have been blamed for creating the virus and spreading the disease worldwide. AIDS has...show more
content...
A majority of Americans have been exposed to or heard of marijuana. Marijuana is a common drug among all age groups of Americans. It was once
legal and still popular. The US government and citizens have now raised the question if the party drug that is known to relax the body and mind should
be legalized in the United for medicinal purposes. Marijuana helps cancer patients with pain during treatment, helps AIDS patients regain their
appetites, and those with glaucoma have shown improvement in their condition. Currently, there is no cure for HIV/AIDS. If you are infected with the
virus, you can receive drugs that will only slow the virus from destroying your immune system. However, there is no way of ridding the virus from
your body. AIDS has weakened the confidence we have in the ability of experts to solve problems. This cultural value is blatantly evident in the
model of care for AIDS patients. The bulk of care is focused on end stage interventions, when little can be done to extend the life of a patient. The
victim becomes faceless medical record numbers, and are viewed in as failures of the medical system. Further, the American culture promotes
autonomy and responsibility. The negative aspect of this cultural orientation is that it often justifies blaming the victims of AIDS. Members of the
society believe the illness is the outcome of poor choices, namely engaging in high risk

Daniel Reinhardt
Mrs. Paxson
AP Biology–D
5 January 2016
HIV / AIDS Paper Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a retrovirus that attacks the human immune system, your body's means of defense. The
virus attacks specific viral defense cells, known as CD4+. As the disease spreads and attacks more CD4+ cells, your body no longer maintains its'
ability to fight of infections and diseases which leads to the death of the host. The final stage of HIV is known as AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency
Syndrome). During this stage of the virus, the host gets infected and sick easily and can no longer fight off infections. By this point, you are
probably wondering exactly what a retrovirus is. A retrovirus is simply a virus that carries its genetic coding in the form of RNA instead of DNA.
The name retrovirus was coined because of the viral groups' containment of an enzyme called reverse transcriptase. This enzyme transcribes RNA
into DNA, which reverse the usual flow of genetic information found in nature. Actions caused by reverse transcriptase make it possible for the
genetic information of the virus to become permanently incorporated into the host DNA. The specific HIV retrovirus attacks the body's defense
CD4+ cells, and can cause rare cancers and tumor growths. There have been two strains of HIV identified in the world, HIV 1 and HIV 2. Both
strains of the virus produce the same effects, but are still very different. One of the ways in which the two strains differ is by where they

HIV Epidemic Paper
In this comprehensive research work are topics that discuss and analyze the issues under the umbrella of the HIV virus / AIDS and the epidemic.
Begins with research the review of the global response to the epidemic of HIV / AIDS, together with the response of the United States, moved to the
spread of the virus and the response of the health services and insurance communities and concludes with the emotional reactions and relations with
suicide. It provides a complete, comprehensive and complete understanding of the disease and the impact that has had on the world.
The impact of the epidemic of HIV / AIDS in the United States and in many parts of the world was quite colossal. In the mid–1990s more than one third
of suspects of 1 million infected...show more content...
Without treatment, about 50 per cent of all people living with HIV will develop AIDS within 10 years after infection. Special risk groups were
identified by the CDC and include it: users of injecting drug users and their sexual partners, people with a large number of sexual partners, men who
have sex with men and their female partners, persons who exchange sex for money or drugs. The highest growth rates occur among injecting drug
users, women and infants born to women in high–risk groups. Sex between men may have a transmission speed of up to one in ten, Depending on
sexual practices. The rates of transmission among intravenous drug users are high because a contaminated needle can enter directly the HIV in the
bloodstream. Sex workers also have a high risk of contracting and transmitting HIV. HIV / AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) is often set
in high risk groups before moving on to the population in general. As the transmission mode changes of sex between men and the sharing of needles
by intravenous drug users, the rate of HIV among women increases often dramatically, which leads to a greater number of children born with HIV or
orphaned by AIDS. It is more likely that it is a widespread epidemic in poor countries, which may lack the infrastructure, money, and large–scale
effective political stability for the treatment and prevention of HIV. "It is estimated that 20 to 35 percent of the newborns of infected mothers
develop infection by HIV." About 60 percent of AIDS patients are white, 25 percent are black, and 15 percent are Hispanic. "The development of a
safe and effective vaccine against HIV is a high priority for the next decade. Other prevention and strategies are crucial to stop the spread of infection
by HIV. The majority of people infected with HIV in the United States are not aware that they even have the virus. The efforts of public education
about the risks and the precautionary

Hiv/Aids Research Paper
HIV/AIDS
Callyn Dwiggins
Biology
P.4 tanner
HIV Stands for Human Immunodeficiency Disorder. HIV tags on to certain cells and copy's itself. HIV causes slow but constant damage to the
immune system. AIDS stands for Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome. AIDS is the condition diagnosed when there are a group of related
symptoms that are caused by advanced HIV infection or when someone has less than 200 CD4 cells. AIDS makes the body vulnerable to
life–threatening illnesses called opportunistic infections. To keep HIV from becoming AIDS There are certain Medicines and injections to slow down
the affects and improve life expectancy. Given this information there is still a strong chance (without treatment) that you will still acquire the...show
more content...
1. Check temperature.
2. Check regular cold symptoms.
3. Make sure Cold symptoms haven't intensified.
4. IF regular cold symptoms have lasted an unreasonably long amount of time
Cells:
The major cell category that is infected is the Lymphoreticular system or the mononuclear system. This is a part of the Human body's immune system.
The cells in this part are called phagocytic cells they are a form of reticular connective tissue. This tissue is located in the spleen and the liver. This
infection can only be sexually transmitted at any point in its manifestation. It could be at the AIDS stage or HIV stage. It can also be transmitted
through DIRECT blood contact. No matter what way the Virus enters your body it will still gain the same affect.
Molecules:
List of molecules involved in an HIV cell– * Capsid protein * gp41 * gp120 * Protease * p6 * * p9 * p17 (Matrix protein) * Reverse Transcriptase
Aids statistics:
People(Adults) Living with aids Worldwide – 33.3 Million
People diagnosed with AIDS yearly – 2.2million

People killed by aids yearly –1.9million
Current people in the US with AIDS – 682,668
Current people in Africa –22.5 million
Magic Johnson and His story:
In 1991 Magic Johnson, Time current LA Lakers superstar had publicly announced that he had to quit His team due to HIV. Starting off with

Reflection Paper on Hiv/Aisd
Introduction to HIV/AIDS
The first cases of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) were reported in the United States in the spring of 1981. By 1983 the human
immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the virus that causes AIDS, had been isolated. Early in the U.S. HIV/AIDS pandemic, the role of substance abuse in
the spread of AIDS was clearly established. Injection drug use (IDU) was identified as a direct route of HIV infection and transmission among
injection drug users. The largest group of early AIDS cases comprised gay and bisexual men (referred to as men who have sex with men(or MSMs).
Early cases of HIV infection that were sexually transmitted often were related to the use of alcohol and other substances, and the majority of these cases
However, people can take antiretroviral treatment, which suppresses the HIV virus. This can prevent them from reaching a point where they are
diagnosed with AIDS. Also, in some cases, it is possible for a person who has an AIDS diagnosis to regain a strong immune system with antiretroviral
therapy. However, once somebody is diagnosed with AIDS, officially they keep this diagnosis for life even though in reality an opportunistic infection
may be cured or the number of immune system cells (CD4 cells) in their blood may increase to recommended levels.1
Although there is no cure for AIDS, HIV infection can be prevented, and those living with HIV can take antiretroviral drugs to prevent or delay the
onset of AIDS. However, in many countries across the world access to prevention and treatment services is limited. Global leaders have pledged to
work towards universal access to HIV prevention and care, so that millions of deaths can be averted.
Antiretroviral treatment can significantly prolong the lives of people living with HIV. Modern combination therapy is highly effective and someone
with HIV who is taking treatment could live for the rest of their life without developing AIDS.
An AIDS diagnosis does not necessarily equate to a death sentence. Many people can still benefit from starting antiretroviral therapy even once they
have developed an AIDS defining illness. Better treatment and prevention

Reflection Paper On HIV
My goal since I have become a sexually active young adult is to stay healthy, preventing the contraction of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and
ultimately the HIV virus that causes the AIDS infection. Though many organizations support the prevention strategies for no new cases of the HIV
infection I cannot ignore the globally estimated 35 million people living with HIV ("History of HIV," 2016). While I continue my efforts to prevent the
infection, I share my behaviors and assumptions about the infection, and fears and reactions because of my sexually active life as a Hispanic and
African American heterosexual female. The solutions and strategies I follow to prevent HIV while chasing a long–term protection for myself and my
sexual partner will allow us to become less likely to contract HIV.
Since the beginnings of the HIV and AIDS in the pre–1980s we hear that only gay men and injected drug users' behaviors contract the infection. But
heterosexuals like myself and my sexual partner also participate in unprotected sexual behavior placing ourselves at risk to contract the infection. Yet
today people are still only judgmental towards gay men and injected drug users. I am aware and in acceptance of the people and the rights of the
people living with HIV no matter the sexual preference. In addition, I am conscientious of my risk as a heterosexual of contracting the virus. I
constantly remind my sexual partner of protecting each other while preventing the infection. I

Hiv Virus Research Paper
The human immunodeficiency virus gets its name by the sole species it affects and the characteristic damage it does to the body, which is also
known as HIV. Viruses are notorious for the mode in which they reproduce; a virus enters the body, seizes the body's cells, and uses it as a host. This
is the only way for viruses to replicate. HIV takes over the body's T cells, also known as CD4 cells, which are important to defend the body from
various antigens. Normally, T cells would respond to infection and diseases by neutralizing, creating antibodies to fight off the antigen the next time it
comes around, or lessen the effects it has on the body. Infections such as pneumonia that would make a regular person incredibly ill could be fatal to
someone...show more content...
Two to four weeks after infection a person can experience flu–like symptoms. This is when the virus begins to rapidly replicate, and during this time is
when the HIV virus count is highest and the CD4 count drops rapidly. The lower the CD4 count the more susceptible the body is to other infections.
Although HIV can be spread during any stage, there is a higher chance of spreading the virus because of the high virus load per cubic millimeter of
blood. The second stage is known as clinical latency also known is inactivity, dormancy, asymptomatic HIV, and chronic HIV infection. Amid this
aspect of infection the virus is active in the body, but there are low levels in the blood. Contagion is still existent, so precautions are pertinent.
Affected humans can reach chronic HIV infection stage rapidly, but can be prolonged for a more than a decade with proper treatment. The final stage
of HIV infection is known as AIDS, which means acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, meaning that the CD4 cell count is less than 200 per cubic
millimeter of blood. Normal CD4 counts range from 500–1600 per cubic millimeter. During this stage the body can no longer protect itself from
antigens. Common infections such as the common cold can ultimately be fatal to the

Epidemiology HIV Paper
Paola A Torres
Grand Canyon University: NRS– 427V
12/14/2014
HIV COMMUNICABLE DISEASE
AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome) is defined by the Mayo Clinic as "A chronic, potentially life–threatening condition which is caused by
the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). HIV damages the immune system, and interferes with the ability the body has to fight the disease causing
organism" (Mayo Clinic, 2014). HIV is an infection transmitted sexually. Another mode of transmission for HIV is by exposure to infected blood, or it
could also be transmitted from the mother to the unborn child during the course of pregnancy, at childbirth or through breastfeeding. It may take
several years for the HIV virus to weaken the immune system...show more content...
Biology and genetics: Sex, gender, sexual orientation, race/ethnicity. Various studies show evidence that link the relationship between social
determinants of health and the risk for HIV. Interrelated social determinants of health can create a context of vulnerability and risk for HIV. It is
very important to be able to recognize the interrelation components of HIV risk in order determine the HIV prevention response that is the most
effective. For instance, research shows that HIV rates are significantly higher in Black men who have sex with men (MSM) than for MSM of other
races. These rates, which are very disproportionate, are not attributable to a higher frequency of sexual risk behaviors. To appropriately address risk
for MSM of different races, it is imperative to understand the process of disease transmission among these populations, in other words, the social
determinants of health that are involved, such as access to healthcare (CHLA, 2012). The epidemiologic triangle is composed of, the agent, the host,
and the environment. The International Partnership for Microbicides (IPM) describes the HIV as causative agent for AIDS. According to the IPM, "the
most common type is known as HIV–1 and is the infectious agent that has led to the worldwide AIDS epidemic. There is also an HIV–2 that is much
less common and less virulent, but

Hiv Aids Research Paper
HIV is very popular in America HIV belongs to a group of retroviruses called lentiviruses. The genome of retroviruses is made of RNA. And every
virus has two single chains of RNA, for replication, the virus needs a main cell, and the RNA must first be transcribed into DNA, which can be done
with the enzyme reverse transcriptase. HIV infects mainly the CD4+ lymphocytes. It also to a lesser degree monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic
cells. Once infected, the cell turns into an hiv–replicating cell and loses its function in the human immune system. HIV is a ball–shaped virus. It has two
single strands of RNA for its genome. The RNA is made to carry the genetic information that passed on when new hiv particles are produced. This is
different from a normal cell and it uses DNA to carry its genetic information....show more content...
If the immune system is crippled, other diseases can result.The immune system is very complex. It can recognize and remember not just thousands
but millions of different kinds of bad cells, and it can produce secretions that is released from fluids and cells to match up with and take out most of
them. It is a disease that slowly destroys the immune system. It is caused by "HIV", it is a virus that wipes out certain types of lymphocytes called
T–helper cells. Without T–helper cells, the immune system is not able to protect the body against regular harmless organisms, which can cause
life–threatening infections in people who have

HIV Research Paper
Human immunodeficiency virus is most commonly known as HIV.18 It debilitates a person's immune system by destroying important cells that fight
disease and infection. It can spread through certain body fluids that assault the body's immune system, specifically the CD4 cells often called T cells.1
These essential cells help the immune system fight off infections.1 Untreated, HIV reduces the number of CD4 cells in the body.1 The damage brought
on by HIV to the immune system makes it extremely difficult for the body to fight off infections and diseases. Eager infections or cancers take
advantage of a very weak immune system and signal that the person has AIDS. No effective cure exists for HIV. Scientists identified a type of
chimpanzee in...show more content...
Among male students who had sexual contact with other males, only 21% have been tested for HIV. Across the country, 21% of all students who
are currently sexually active and 32% of male students who had sexual contact with other males drank alcohol or used drugs before their most
recent sexual intercourse. Nationwide, nearly 43% of all sexually active high school students and 49% of male students who had sexual contact with
other males did not use a condom the last time they had sexual intercourse. Compared to 12% of all students who had ever had sexual contact, 33%
of male students who had sexual contact with other males reported sexual intercourse with 4 or more persons during their life. Some of the highest
STD rates are among young adults aged 20 to 24, specifically young adults of color. The existence of another STD greatly increases the likelihood that
a person exposed to HIV will become infected.
In a 2012 Kaiser Family Foundation survey, 84% of youth aged 15 to 24 said there is a stigma around HIV in the United States. This could mean that
they are not talking with their partners about ways to protect themselves from HIV and other STDs and that they are not comfortable discussing their
status with others. For gay and bisexual youth who are just beginning to explore their sexuality, homophobia can pose obstacles to utilizing HIV
prevention services, testing, and treatment. Gay and

Hiv Virus Research Paper
The worst viruses in the world seem to appear out of nowhere and spread like wildfire, infecting hundreds of thousands of people before researchers
can even get a toehold on what it is that is killing people. Viruses are not alive, but saying they are makes it seem like it is possible to stop them.
They do not rely on any energy or food source, and only need living cells to thrive and reproduce, therefore anything that can kill a virus also has to kill
the host, which is what makes them frightening. HIV, or Human Immunodeficiency Virus, is a virus that had a massive outbreak in America in the
early 1980s, and has since killed up to 37 million people that have progressed to the final stage, or AIDS. (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome) HIV
After further research, they found that the chimps ate two smaller species of monkeys that had two different strains of SIV, allowing the virus to
transmit into the chimps. Because the smaller monkeys were infected with two different strains of SIV, it was inevitable that the chimps would be
infected with both kinds, and in some cases even developed mutated versions of the two combined. When these strains mutated, they became capable to
infect humans, and this mutation became known as HIV. Humans in the area that the infected chimps lived in hunted the chimps for food, and so HIV
was brought into the human population. In most cases, the infected human's immune system fought off HIV, but sometimes it stayed and became a
parasite in the new host, making this host HIV–1. More than one HIV–1 people exist because more than one person contracted it from the monkeys,
and so the strain in each HIV–1 was different. HIV is classified into four substrains; M, N, O, and P. Strain M is the responsible for most AIDS
deaths. (Origin story from www.avert.org) Right now, 36.7 million people globally are living with HIV, (www.aids.gov) and 2.1 in 100,000 people
will die from AIDS. (www.cdc.gov) In The Hot Zone, the Ebola origins are said to be in either fruit bats or primates at a cave in Africa known as
Kitum Cave. In 1976, the poor man, Monet, went into that cave and inevitably contracted it, starting an outbreak to be followed by countless more.
However, though it would be easier to just assume that we could follow the trail of that outbreak, that is not the case. That was just the outbreak of one
out of 5 Ebola strains known as Ebola Zaire, the most deadly out of the filovirus strains with a 90% fatality rate. (www.who.int) A completely different
outbreak began also in 1976 in Sudan when a hospital transmitted the disease from one infected patient to many

Epidemiology Paper On Hiv

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