Stress and depression in america
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Statistics on stress and depression levels based on the November 2017 survey by the American Psychological Association
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Stress and depression in america
- 1. Stress and Depression in America Pamela Coburn-Litvak, PhD
- 2. What is Stress? Stress is our RESPONSE To Life’s Pressures
- 3. Heart rate & blood pressure Breathing Blood clotting Stress Hormones Speeds up delivery of oxygen and nutrients Protects against blood loss due to injury • Increases alertness • Delivers energy • Enhances immune function STRESSOR
- 4. Heart rate & blood pressure Breathing Blood clotting Stress Hormones Atherosclerosis – can lead to stroke Increased wear and tear on the heart & arteries – can lead to cardiovascular disease • Irritability, anxiety • Energy problems • Suppressed immune function • Brain damage Intensity & Duration STRESSOR
- 5. 3,440 adults (18+) 1,376 men, 2,047 women American Psychological Association (2017). Stress in America: The State of Our Nation. Stress in AmericaTM Survey
- 6. American Psychological Association (2017). Stress in America: The State of Our Nation. Stress in AmericaTM Survey • Reported stress level was the same as 2016 • BUT symptoms of stress increased National Stress Levels in 2017 4.8
- 7. 75% of Americans had experienced at least one symptom of stress in the past month: ✓ Trouble sleeping ✓ Anxiety ✓ Irritability ✓ Fatigue American Psychological Association (2017). Stress in America: The State of Our Nation. Stress in AmericaTM Survey National Stress Levels in 2017
- 8. Older Adults (ages 72+) 3.3 American Psychological Association (2017). Stress in America: The State of Our Nation. Stress in AmericaTM Survey National Stress Levels in 2017
- 9. Older Adults (ages 72+) Baby Boomers (53-71) 3.3 3.9 American Psychological Association (2017). Stress in America: The State of Our Nation. Stress in AmericaTM Survey National Stress Levels in 2017
- 10. Older Adults (ages 72+) Baby Boomers (53-71) Gen X-ers (39-52) 3.3 3.9 5.3 American Psychological Association (2017). Stress in America: The State of Our Nation. Stress in AmericaTM Survey National Stress Levels in 2017
- 11. Older Adults (ages 72+) Baby Boomers (53-71) Gen X-ers (39-52) Millennials (18-38) 3.3 3.9 5.75.3 American Psychological Association (2017). Stress in America: The State of Our Nation. Stress in AmericaTM Survey National Stress Levels in 2017
- 12. American Psychological Association (2017). Stress in America: The State of Our Nation. Stress in AmericaTM Survey
- 13. American Psychological Association (2017). Stress in America: The State of Our Nation. Stress in AmericaTM Survey
- 14. American Psychological Association (2017). Stress in America: The State of Our Nation. Stress in AmericaTM Survey
- 15. National Stress Levels in 2017 ✓ Health care ✓ Economy American Psychological Association (2017). Stress in America: The State of Our Nation. Stress in AmericaTM Survey ✓ Trust in government ✓ Crime ✓ Hate Crimes ✓ Terrorism ✓ High taxes ✓ Unemployment ✓ Low wages ✓ Climate change ✓ Environment
- 16. What is Depression? Major Depressive Disorder* occurs when you have at least 5 of the following 9 symptoms daily for 2+ weeks: • A depressed mood during most of the day, particularly in the morning • Diminished interest or pleasure in almost all activities • Significant weight loss or gain (more than 5% in a month) • Insomnia (lack of sleep) or hypersomnia (excessive sleeping) • Feeling restless, agitated or slowed down • Fatigue or loss of energy • Impaired concentration, indecisiveness • Feelings of worthlessness or guilt • Recurring thoughts of death or suicide (not just fearing death) *The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition, published by the American Psychiatric Association in 2013 Anxiety symptoms (irrational worry; fear that something terrible will happen) may accompany depression
- 17. Depression in the United States *The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition, published by the American Psychological Association in 2013 MDD affects 7% (about one out of every 15) of American adults each year.
- 18. Depression around the world MDD affects 4.6% (about one out of every 22) of adults each year. Less than one in 4 is treated. Thornicroft, G., Chatterji, S., Evans-Lacko, S., Gruber, M., Sampson, N., Aguilar-Gaxiola, S., ... & Bruffaerts, R. (2017). Undertreatment of people with major depressive disorder in 21 countries. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 210(2), 119-124.
- 19. • Depression increases the odds of also suffering from chronic health conditions: Cost of Depression Health cost (World Health Organization): • Scott, K. M., Bruffaerts, R., Tsang, A., Ormel, J., Alonso, J., Angermeyer, M. C., ... & Gasquet, I. (2007). Depression–anxiety relationships with chronic physical conditions: results from the World Mental Health Surveys. Journal of affective disorders, 103(1), 113-120. • Scott KM, Lim C, Al-Hamzawi A, et al. Association of Mental Disorders With Subsequent Chronic Physical Conditions: World Mental Health Surveys From 17 Countries. JAMA psychiatry. 2016;73(2):150-158. doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2015.2688. ✓ Cardiovascular ✓ Respiratory ✓ Gastrointestinal ✓ Metabolic ✓ Pain/inflammation • History of depression increases the risk of developing chronic health conditions later
- 20. Cost of Depression Financial costs: In the United States: • Direct costs are $30 billion • Indirect costs are $210 billion ✓ Other physical problems ✓ Workplace (absenteeism, low work performance) ✓ Loss of lifetime earnings Greenberg, P. E., Fournier, A. A., Sisitsky, T., Pike, C. T., & Kessler, R. C. (2015).The economic burden of adults with major depressive disorder in the United States (2005 and 2010). The Journal of clinical psychiatry, 76(2), 155-162.
- 21. In the world: • Global economic burden is $1 trillion • 12 billion days of lost productivity • Largest contributor to medical disability • Causes more “days out of role” than any other mental disorder (massive loss of human potential) Cost of Depression Financial costs: • Chisholm, Dan, et al. "Scaling-up treatment of depression and anxiety: a global return on investment analysis." The Lancet Psychiatry 3.5 (2016): 415-424. • World Health Organization. (2017).Depression and other common mental disorders: global health estimates.
- 22. • MDD is the strongest predictor of suicide attempts around the world • 60-70% of depressed individuals have suicidal thoughts; 10-15% commit suicide • In the U.S., suicide is in the top 10 leading causes of death (44,000/yr) • In the world, it is in the top 20 (800,000/yr) Cost of Depression Cost in human life: • Center for Disease Control’s and Prevention (CDC) Data & Statistics Fatal Injury Report for 2015 • Möller, H. J. (2003). Suicide, suicidality and suicide prevention in affective disorders. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 108(s418),73-80. • Nock, M. K., Hwang, I., Sampson, N., Kessler, R. C., Angermeyer, M., Beautrais, A., ... & De Graaf, R. (2009). Cross-national analysis of the associations among mental disorders and suicidal behavior: findings from the WHO World Mental Health Surveys. PLoS medicine, 6(8), e1000123. • World Health Organization. (2017).Depression and other common mental disorders: global health estimates.