The document defines and provides examples of whole numbers, natural numbers, predecessors, successors, and the number line. It explains how addition, subtraction, and multiplication can be represented on the number line. Properties of whole numbers are discussed, including closure, commutativity, associativity, and the distributive property. Examples are given for each property to illustrate how operations with whole numbers follow consistent rules and patterns.

1. WHOLE NUMBERS

2.  What are Natural Numbers?
Counting numbers are called Natural
Numbers.Ex-1,2,3,4,5,6,7……………
 What areWhole Numbers?
Natural Numbers with Zero are calledWhole
Numbers.
Ex-0,1,2,3,4,5,6……….

3. Predecessor And Successor
 Predecessor – A Number which comes just before given number
is called Predecessor of that number.
Example: 23-1=22
22 is Predecessor of 23
 Successor-A number which comes after a given number is called
is called Successor of that number.
Example:23+1=24
24 is successor of 23

4. Number Line
When we represent certain group of number
on a plane line in a equal distance is called
number line. It can be represented either side
of zero. For Example :-

5. Addition on the number line
 Addition of whole numbers can be shown on the
number line. Let us see the addition of 3 and 4.
 Start from 3. Since we add 4 to this number so we
make 4 jumps to the right; from 3 to 4, 4 to 5, 5 to
6 and 6 to 7 as shown above.The tip of the last
arrow in the fourth jump is at 7.The sum of 3 and 4
is 7, i.e. 3 + 4 = 7.

6. Subtraction on the number line
The subtraction of two whole numbers can also be shown
on the number line. Let us find 7 – 5.
Start from 7. Since 5 is being subtracted, so move
towards left with 1 jump of 1 unit. Make 5 such jumps. We
reach the point 2.We get 7 – 5 = 2.

7. Multiplication on the Number
Line
We now see the multiplication of whole numbers on the
number line.
Let us find 4 × 3.
Start from 0, move 3 units at a time to the right, make
such 4 moves.Where do you reach?You will reach 12.
So, we say, 3 × 4 = 12.

8. Properties of Whole Number
 There are several properties of whole
numbers.These properties help us to
understand the numbers better and also
make calculations very simple.
 Closure Property.
 Commutativity of addition and
multiplication.
 Associativity of addition and multiplication.
 Distributive of multiplication over addition.

9. Closure Property of Addition
and Multiplication
 Whenever we add or multiply two whole
numbers that result which will comes is also a
whole number.
 For Example
Addition
2 + 3 = 5 (Whole Number)
Multiplication
3 x 5 = 15(Whole Number)

10. Commutativity Property of
Addition and Multiplication
 The result of addition or multiplication two whole numbers
will always be the same, no matter in which order they are
added or multiplied.
a + b = b + a(Addition)
For Example: a = 3 and b = 5
3 + 5 = 5 + 3
8 = 8
a x b = b x a(Multiplication)
For Example a = 5 and b = 4
5 x 4 = 4 x 5
20 = 20

11. Associativity Property of
Addition and Multiplication
 While adding or multiplying whole numbers, we
can group in any order,to get the same result
always.
For Example:
(a+b)+c = a+(b+c) (Addition) if a=2,b=3 and c=5
(2+3)+5 =2+(3+5)
10 =10
(axb)x c=ax(b+c) (Multiplication) if a=2, b=3 and c=5
(2x3)x5=2x(3X5)
30 = 30

12. Distributive of Multiplication
over Addition
 The multiplication of a whole number with the
addition of the two other whole numbers is equal
to the addition of the multiplication of the whole
number with other two whole numbers
For Example:
ax(b+c)=(axb)+(axc)
if a=2,b=3 and c=4
2x(3+4)=(2x3) +(2x4)
14=14

13. Presented By
POOJA SINGH