Science & technology

1. POWERPOINT PRESENTATION
---- BY OMKAR RANE
OF VIDYA NIKETAN ENGLISH MEDIUM SCHOOL MANAGED BY
TATA MOTORS EMPLOYEES EDUCATION TRUST
ADDRESS: OPP. TATA MOTORS TRAINING HOSTEL ,TATA MOTORS LTD.,
Science & Technology
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SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY .

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INDEX
1. Introduction
2. What is Force and motion ?
3. Types of forces
a) Contact force (visible )
b) Non-contact force (invisible)
4. Concept of inertia
a) Inertia of rest
b) Inertia of motion
c) Inertia of direction.
5. Sir Isaac Newton
a) Newton's 1ST law of motion .
b) Newton’s 2nd law of motion .
c) Newton’s 3rd law of motion .
6. Principle of Momentum and conservation of momentum
7. Thank you !

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This topic comes under science in the field of physics . Sir Isaac
Newton’s contribution in the field of physics is remarkable one so he
is considered to be “ FATHER OF PHYSICS”
Laws of gravitation and motion framed by him is a major concept so
we must not mug it but to understand it by heart I had made this E—
learning presentation .
INTRODUCTION

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What is force and motion ?
When there is change in the position of an object with respective to its surrounding .
Then that body is said to be in motion. We can bring a body in motion and can also
stop a moving body. An object is said to be at rest when force are balanced with
equal magnitude and in motion when an unbalanced force is acting on object.
Example :
1) This picture shows that when the string of pulley is pulled then we can say that
weight on either side of pulley is put in motion .

7. TYPES OF FORCES
Basically there are two types of forces they are
visible and invisible forces .Visible force are also
called as contact forces and invisible forces are
called non-contact forces .
Example 1): hitting a cricket ball with bat in this
we can see that on hitting ball with bat results
in 4’s and sixes . So there is contact between
bat and ball .Hence we can call it as contact
force as well as visible force .
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8. TYPES OF FORCES
A non contact force does not have to touch an object to cause a change ,
such as electric and magnetic forces ,gravitational forces etc.
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9. INERTIA
types of inertia are:
a). Inertia of rest
b). Inertia of motion
c). Inertia of direction
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The tendency of a body to resist change in state of rest or motion is called
inertia.

10. Inertia of rest .
Inertia of rest :
The inherent property of a body by virtue of which ,it can not change its position of
rest is called inertia of rest .
Example: 1) when we dust a carpet , by lifting it , the carpet is set into motion and
dust remains in its state of rest .thus the carpet is cleaned.
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11. Inertia of motion .
Inertia of motion :
The inherent property of a body by virtue of which it cannot change its state of
motion is called inertia of motion.
Example: when a rotating electric motor is switched off, it continues to rotate.
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12. Inertia of direction.
The inherent property of a body by virtue which it cannot change its direction of
motion is called inertia of direction.
Example :1). Tie a weight to a string and rotate string in horizontal way and after
acquiring certain velocity then leave the string. Due to this the string will fly off
tangentially in sense of motion.
STEP :
1)
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STEP :2)

13. Sir Isaac Newton
1642-1727
Sir Isaac
Newton.
Newton is famous for his law of gravitation which he
propounded after seeing an apple falling from the tree to the
ground. Sir Isaac Newton was born on December 25,1642 at
wools Thorpe , Lincolnshire . Even after 350 years , he still
considered to be father of physics. He did graduation in 1665
from CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY . He was appointed as
professor of mathematics in trinity college .he was elected as
member of royal society of London in 1689 and was elected as
member of parliament in 1703 the he became president of royal
society. He passed away at the age of 85 on 20 march ,1727.
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14. Newton's 1ST law of motion.
o Newton's 1st law of motion explains inertia .i.e. Inability of a body to change the
state of motion by itself .
o The state of rest or the state of uniform motion is because various forces
cancel out to give zero net resultant force.
o It also explains force which changes or tends to change the rest or of motion
of a body in a straight line
STATEMENT OF LAW:
Every inanimate body continues in its state of rest or of uniform
motion in a straight line unless an external unbalanced force acts
on it.
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15. Newton’s 2nd law of motion
o The rate of change in momentum is directly proportional to impressed force
(unbalanced force) and takes in the direction in which force acts.
Statement of law:
o Let a body of mass (m) .moving with velocity (u =initial velocity) be
subjected to force (f) acting in the direction of motion .suppose after an
interval of time (t) velocity becomes (v=final velocity).
We know that ,
Rate of change in velocity
/ time = acceleration(a)
in short,
V--- U / T =a
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So according to his 2nd law ,
Rate of change in momentum = mv --- mu/t α F
= m [v---u] /tα F
= ma α F
= F= K ma
= F= ma
So instead of( α) Force =mass X
acceleration
Proportionality sign
We will put ( K )
K=1 (a constant of
Proportionality )

16. Newton’s 3rd Law of Motion
o Statement of 3rd law: To every action there is an
equal , opposite and instantaneous reaction.
o Action and reaction are the terms explaining force .
o These forces exist in pairs . An isolated force does not
exist.
o Example : 1) the principle used for the motion of a rocket
is based on Newton’s 3rd law of motion .exhaust gases
with force through a small opening at the tail end of rocket
. They exert an equal and opposite reaction force on the
rocket .it is this reaction force which makes the rocket
move in the forward direction.
o Action and reaction forces act on different bodies . They
don’t cancel each other.
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17. Momentum
o Momentum :
o total quantity of motion contained in the body is called momentum.
o Momentum is represented by (p). it is a product of mass(m) and velocity(v).
o P=MV
Momentum=mass X velocity
o Mass and velocity alone are not responsible to produce the effect of
force . There appears to exist some property that combines the mass
and velocity of the object. So, Newton introduced concept of
momentum.
o Example :In the picture given on left side ,we
can calculate their momentum of any car .
o (blue car before collision )
p=mv
P= 500 kg X 5 m/s
P= 2500 kg m/s is the momentum of blue
car.
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18. Principle of conservation of momentum
Consider car as A and truck as B having masses m1 and m2 moving with
initial velocity u1 and u2 respectively. So initial values are m1 u1 & m2 u2.
when they collide with each other ,a force f1 due which body B acts on
body A so body A accelerates . Then after collision it becomes final
velocity V1 of car and truck as v2 so final momentum after collision is M1
V1 & M2 V2 . According to Newton’s 3rd law of motion , body A also exerts
equal and opposite force on body B . Then it will be as the following
equation.
A B
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19. If F2 (force 2) is acting on body B then ,
f2 = --- f1
m2 a2 = --- m1 a1
m2[v2---u2] / t = ---m1[v1-u1]/t
m2 v2 -- m2 u2 = --- m1 v1 + m1 u1
m1 u1 + m2 u2 = m1 v1 + m2 v2
Initial momentum before
collision.
Final momentum after
collision.
F=force
M=mass
U=initial velocity
V =final velocity
F1 is minus because it is in opposite direction
Equation of conservation of momentum.
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20. 1.Microsoft Encarta Student 2009
encyclopedia.
2.Britannica 2012 ultimate reference .
3.Standard 9th Science and Technology
textbook.
4.D.K multimedia (Dorling Kindersley )
science encyclopedia.
5.Pegasus encyclopedia library.
6.Children’s library .
REFERENCES
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21. Made by Omkar Rane standard 9th student of Vidya Niketan English medium School.
E-mail : 1) omkarane@hotmail.com
2) jayendrane@gmail.com
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