Discussion Question answers for American Diversity and Design.

1. University at Buffalo – State University of New York
Arc 211 -American Diversity and Design – Spring 2017
Discussion Questions
Oliver Rapp

2. My Profile:
The Diversity and Design course has helped me in particular to see how things are created to fit
the needs of all people rather than the majority or a certain demographic. This course has not
necessarily changed my viewpoints on diversity and design, it has, however, furthered my
knowledge on the subject and helped me to see what things are being done to support diversity in a
given community in society. Overall, this course has helped me to understand what problems people
have to solve in architecture as well as design to accommodate everybody.
The following pages document my responses to the online discussion questions in the Spring 2017
version of ARC 211 American Diversity and Design at the University at Buffalo – State University
of New York.
This was a photo taken of me by a friend
in front of Buffalo’s City Hall where I’m
from.

3. Thread 1: Introduction
This thread provides you with an opportunity to "meet" each other and initiate a connection with participants in your group. In
responding to this discussion thread, please introduce yourself and provide us with one interesting fact about yourself. After posting
your introduction, take a look through and reply to some of the others. The purpose of this exercise is to develop a sense of
community. You might find that you share similar experiences and can help each other in many ways throughout the semester.
Hello All,
My name is Oliver Rapp and I am a first year Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering student. I'm from the Buffalo area, Kenmore to
be specific. In high school I played rugby but now most of my free time is spent with friends, playing video games (like super smash
bros melee) or going to work at Office Max where I sell printers laptops and such.
https://www.google.com/search?q=ssbm&client=opera&hs=ful&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEw iMmdyR9dTTAhXI5YMKHX3TA9kQ_AUIDCgD&biw =1366&bih=632#im
grc=StfAXCRV9PBbLM:
https://www.google.com/search?q=rugby&client=opera&hs=dwl&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjotJXM9dTTAhUL9YMKHSpTAV
oQ_AUIDCgD&biw=1366&bih=632#imgrc=2LCHW-NQEbusAM:

4. Thread 2: Response to "What is design?" from Hello World
On “What is design?” from Hello World: Where Design Meets Life by Alice Rawsthron
The author opened her chapter with the example of Ying Zheng, the ruler of the Qin empire, one of the most powerful and enduring
empires I the history of China. She explained how design innovation contributed to Ying Zheng’s success. For example, in the
development of weaponry, he resolved many problems by standardizing parts, and this single innovation gave his armies great
advantage over other armies.
For this discussion, let’s move away from 246 B.C. China, and into the U.S. Describe an innovation or invention (can be current or
historical) that gave advantage to a group of people in the U.S. or to the population as a whole. What were the social impacts of this
innovation? Were any groups negatively impacted by this innovation? For example, the telegraph, developed and patented in the
United States in 1837 by Samuel Morse, permitted people and commerce to transmit messages across both continents and oceans
almost instantly, with widespread social and economic impacts. This heightened communication speed allowed business persons to
make decisions with up-to-date information, often resulting in big profits. Those without access had to rely on out-dated information,
which put them at a disadvantage.
The innovation of roads into the newer highway system greatly impacted the US. The ability for the commoner to travel from
coast to coast opened up job opportunities, and travel opportunities. Not only was this good for those reasons, but it also allowed
companies to ship goods across the country or allow products have their parts be made in different locations. The connection of
people, and manufacturers with different locations enables them to connect as if the country were much smaller.
1Alice Rawthorn “Hello World: Where Design Meets Life” Accessed on May 3
https://www.google.com/search?q=highway+system+
us&client=opera&hs=zQR&source=lnms&tbm=isch&s
a=X&ved=0ahUKEwixsK7p99TTAhVM74MKHWeZDro
Q_AUICygC&biw=1366&bih=632#tbm=isch&q=highw
ay+&imgrc=eSesWyHUIAzVpM:

5. Thread 3: Response to "Introduction" from Diversity and Design
On “Introduction” from Diversity and Design: Understanding Hidden Consequences
The editors state that “diverse participation in the design process, from both professionals and public citizens alike, yields more
equitable results.” This makes sense, but typically has not been the case. Nonetheless, many marginalized groups have impacted
design in ways that have changed our visual and physical worlds as well as our systems, policies, and institutions. For example, in the
1960s, disability rights advocates designed media events to raise awareness about barriers in the physical environment. They persisted
with their efforts for decades, and, finally, in 1990, the Americans with Disabilities Act became law. It mandated accessibility in
public accommodations such as restaurants and stores, public transportation, communication, and other areas of public life. This
dramatically changed our physical environment (from curb cuts to ramps to automatic doors) and the results made public life more
equitable.
Now it’s your turn. Describe a design that was impacted by a diversity group. How and why did it change form and/or
circumstances? (Note that a design can be anything requiring planning and development prior to the production of an action, system,
visual, material object, or environment. Also, keep in mind that, for our purposes, a diversity group is a group of individuals who are
underrepresented in society in some way—children, older adults, the economically disadvantaged, those with cognitive disabilities,
etc.)
People who suffer from mental disorders such as bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, any personality disorder, etc. have had a
large change happen from the times where they were mistreated with methods to "cure" them that were not far from torture to today
where nurses and doctors are looking at why things in the brain are off balance and how to correct them. In the early days of mental
treatment doctors didn't know why people acted the way that they did and they did not help it in the right way. Complete isolation, and
shock therapy were two methods that could permanently damage the brain rather than cure it. Shock therapy before today was a
method where the patient would be subjected to strong and highly painful doses of electricity while conscious as to try to reset the
brain. Today, that has evolved into electro convulsive therapy in which patients are put under an anesthesia and then small doses of
electric current are passed through the brain which has had positive results under patients who do not react well to the medications
they are given. Overall, patients in today's mental hospitals are treated like normal people in order to help them become more mentally
stable whereas in times before, patients were treated like animals which only worsened the health of them.
1B. Tauke, K. Smith, and C. Davis. ” Diversity and Design: Understanding Hidden Consequences” Accessed on May 3
https://www.google.com/search?q=shock+therapy&cl
ient=opera&hs=5Bm&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&
ved=0ahUKEwjQ-_SU-
dTTAhUE2IMKHWiwDusQ_AUIDCgD&biw=1366&bih=
632#imgrc=87xgLRXL3j5ZZM:

6. Thread 1: FROM: Chapter in Media/Society and TED Talk Photos that Changed the World
Where would you place the images shown in Photos That Changed the World into Croteau and Hoynes' diagram entitled “Model of
Media and the Social World”? Identify a mass media photograph taken in your own lifetime that has served as an icon of an event.
(Feel free to add an attachment.) What roles does this photo play in the communication of the event?
The photo that I think changed the world and how we look at the universe would be the universe's "baby picture" which was a picture
by the Hubble space telescope that looked about 13 billion years in the past. The telescope was able to zoom in on a direction
approximately 13 billion light years away which not only is the farthest distance seen, but also by being a far distance makes it a look
to the past in the early years of the universe. The photo was taken in 2004 and allowed physicists to study the universe at its early
stages which allows them to see how the universe works and gives them a better idea as to what’s to come from the universe in the
future. For people who aren't physicists, the photo is still amazing as it shows why the government funds scientific research and can
inspire people to look into the stars. Also, it tells people what scientists are doing and why it is important to learn about where we are,
where the planet came from and what is out there in the universe.
https://ublearns.buffalo.edu/courses/1/2171_14992_COMB/db/_3566524_1/earlyuniverse2004.jpg

7. Thread 2: Response to Articles on Hats as Communication Design
COLLAPSE
Thread 2: FROM: “Fashioning Protest for the Women’s March on Washington” and “The Worst Designof 2016 Was Also the
Most Effective”
Typically, we do not think of hats as elements of mass media or social media. However, the two hats (red and pink) discussed in the
articles certainly have taken on that role. Why are the two hats (red and pink) mentioned in the articles vehicles of communication
design? What meanings do each of the two hats carry? In terms of communication design, how are they similar? And how are they
different from one another?
2Donald Trump's original "Make America Great Again" hat has made an impact in America as it certainly helped him to win the
election. Being a businessman with multi-millions of dollars, it was important for Donald Trump to connect somehow to the common
people that vote republican and the swing voters. The trucker hat was a way for people to think that Trump is just like us because he
wears the same thing. The fact that is almost impossible to miss as it is bright red hat brought a lot of attention and was a quick way to
spread his campaign slogan. Similarly, the pink knitted hats worn by female protesters were designed not to be missed1. The message
that this hat was supposed to give was one that wanted to show peace between everyone and an acceptance of others that President
Trump has not been as accepting over. The two hats are different in that one has a message of acceptance of all people and the other
has a message of keeping America as it is and shutting off acceptance of refugees which President Trump has already started.
https://www.google.com/search?q=make+america+gr
eat+again+hat&client=opera&hs=ex6&source=lnms&t
bm=isch&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwif1trN-
tTTAhVC4oMKHcthB3MQ_AUICygC&biw=1366&bih=6
32#imgrc=vkdOt5qqm3TwLM:
https://www.google.com/search?q=women%27s+mar
ch+pussyhat&client=opera&hs=dJm&source=lnms&tb
m=isch&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwijuuPz-
tTTAhWK3oMKHecQDe0Q_AUICygC&biw=1366&bih=
632#imgrc=Y_YXkDRF6nqrWM:
1
KATIE ROGERS “Fashioning Protest for the Women’s March on Washington”
https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/18/fashion/womens-march-washington-fashion-
protest.html?_r=1 Accessed on May 3
2
DIANA BUDDS “The Worst Design Of 2016 Was Also The Most Effective”
https://www.fastcodesign.com/3066599/the-worst-design-of-2016-was-also-the-
most-effective Accessed on May 3

8. Thread 1: Response to “Industrial Design” by John Heskett and "The Incredible Inventions of Intuitive AI" by Maurice Conti
COLLAPSE
In his chapter on industrial design (written in 1987), historian John Heskett claims that the methods of mass production introduced by
Henry Ford in the U.S. involved new concepts of the standardization and integration of the production line that were adopted across
the world. With Ford’s method, work could be completed by relatively unskilled workers; it was more efficient and with this method,
products were made more quickly and cheaply than previously possible. What were some of the social consequences of Ford’s
production line? In other words, how did this system change our U.S. society? Do any of those changes remain with us today? Now
consider Maurice Conti’s TED Talk, and the predictions he makes about production. How do you think manufacturing processes will
change in the next twenty years? How do you think these changes will affect our U.S. society?
Henry Ford's production line made a huge impact on the way things are made and the availability of products at cheaper prices. For
the most part the production line was a success as it allowed the common working people to buy cars for themselves. Having cars
allowed the cities to expand into suburban areas to give people a better standard of living. On the other side, for the factory workers
themselves, hours were grueling, and the repetition of work day after day would cause pains and boredom. To the consumer, although
products are cheaper and at higher quantity, we are not getting the quality of that of a skilled craftsman who can hand make and design
his/her products. People are willing to pay the higher price for a hand crafted product so I don’t think that society will ever get rid of
skilled craftsmen. In the future as production changes, I believe we will be seeing shifts towards robotic made products and unskilled
workers will again become obsolete as we will need more skilled mechanics, technicians, programmers and engineers.
https://www.google.com/search?q=assembly+line
&client=opera&hs=FiR&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa
=X&ved=0ahUKEwiw4tPn-
9TTAhUd0IMKHZKNCaAQ_AUICigB&biw=1366&bih
=632#imgrc=DFMmScvHQ9ijBM:

9. Thread 2: Response IDEA Awards and Cradle-to-Cradle Video
Which of the 2016 IDEA Gold Award products seems to defy the Cradle-to-Cradle concept developed by architect William
McDonough and chemist Dr. Michael Braungart? How does this product resist or disregard the concept? Please provide your
own example of a product that uses Cradle-to-Cradle design. Describe and cite sources.
The 2016 IDEA Gold Award product that defies the Cradle to cradle concept for me would be the Oculus Rift. This product does not
focus on the environment or conservation of energy. The 1Oculus Rift is a virtual reality device that is meant for a more "real" video
game experience to make you feel like you’re really there. On the other hand a product that does fit the Cradle to Cradle concept
would be the LED vintage style light bulbs. These bulbs are meant to give the aesthetics of classic light bulbs but also being much
more efficient. These bulbs can save energy as well as last longer than the bulbs that they are representing. They provide for design
and atmosphere as well as function for the environment.
1
Peter W. Bristol “Oculus Rift“http://www.idsa.org/awards/idea/gallery
https://www.google.com/search?q=oculus+rift&client
=opera&hs=DmR&tbm=isch&source=lnms&sa=X&ved
=0ahUKEwj2n_zc_NTTAhUh6IMKHWD5DoAQ_AUI0gE
oAQ&biw=1366&bih=632#imgrc=shTAhhtK5_yPJM:
https://www.google.com/search?q=old+fashioned+style+led+bulbs&client=
opera&hs=knR&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjRipiK_dTTAh
UMyoMKHfJTC48Q_AUICygC&biw=1366&bih=632#imgrc=LmF219DqEEaZG
M:

10. Thread 1: Response to All Module 4 Materials
Your readings and viewings this week present different ways of thinking about architecture. Mies Van der Rohe describes architecture
as “The will of the epoch translated into space.” Andrew Ballantyne describes architecture as the background for life. Jeanne Gang
describes it as the act of building relationships. All agree that architecture can change based on context and culture. Choose two works
of architecture from any of your materials this week—one with sensibilities about the past and one with sensibilities about the present
and/or future. How do each of these buildings either reflect or challenge their cultural contexts? (Use the SEE-IT method to respond to
this question.)
The first building this week would be the community police station by Jeanne Gang. This police station integrates the community with
the police to create a safer environment and a new and better outlook on police themselves as community protectors and friendly
people rather than intimidating law enforcers. This building is something that I believe should be implemented in more areas and
communities to help people get to know their community members and become more involved. The next structure of architecture
would be the brooklyn bridge. This bridge represents America's music poetry and open road. It was built with great engineering as
well as an art representative of America. This bridge has sensibilities of the past as when the battle of broolyn occured, the british
were pushed back right where the bridge crosses the river. It shows how the American people can do things that are extremely difficult
for the time and still prevail as the bridge was built only with little technology during the 1880's.
https://www.google.com/search?q=community+polic
e+station+by+Jeanne+Gang.&client=opera&hs=jsR&so
urce=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiMhcOd_t
TTAhUmw4MKHZgqA6sQ_AUICygC&biw=1366&bih=6
32#imgrc=zSItppUfaM0cVM:

11. Thread 2: Response to Ballantyne and Zumthor Articles
Andrew Ballantyne and Peter Zumthor present ideas about architecture that seem to value the sensorial and material elements of
life. How are Ballantyne’s and Zumthor’s viewpoints on architecture alike? More importantly, how do they differ?
Ballantyne and Zumthor had different outlooks on architecture when it came to further detailing but their overall outlook was just the
same. Both of them took architecture as an art or expressive form of a functional structure. Both architects compare architecture to
another form of art and expression like music. On the more detailed side, Ballantyne believes that the people and the house are
something that should live together as an expression of something like music where a certain song can mean something to someone
and bring memories to them. Zumthor on the other hand believes that a house is its own thing rather than something integrated with
the people living in it. This can also be related to music as a song can be on its own and mean things to everybody not just the people
living in it.

12. Thread 1: Response to Levy Article
John Levy’s article, “An Overview: The Need for Planning,” discussed ways in which planning can determine the characteristics of a
place. For example, some smaller towns restrict the heights of buildings to maintain a certain scale. How did planning define the
character of the place in which you grew up?
I grew up in the suburbs of Buffalo. Most of my life was spent in the town of tonawanda, but about 5 years ago I ended up
moving into kenmore, only a few blocks from what is technically Buffalo. Back in Tonawanda, you would notice that most of the
buildings are very similar if not pretty much the exact same. This is because most of the town was built for the men who fought
in WWII and this meant that it had to be built quickly in order to house so many people. My neighbor at one time was born in
1909 and though he never actually went to war, he worked on many of the buildings back in tonawanda. He up in his 90's would
recall some of the different buildings he worked on here, how some of what tonawanda is today came to be and he would still do
repairs on his own roof. Later, when I moved to kenmore, things were slightly different. The houses were built earlier and most
of them have a different feel. My house was built in the 20's and had a style that represents that time unlike the sameness of
tonawanda. My highschool, kenmore west, was actually built as a nuclear bomb shelter for the community in its basement as
well as a high school, because it was built in a time where nuclear threats were a serious issue after WWII near the cold war
time.
https://www.google.com/search?q=kenmore+new+y
ork&client=opera&hs=efm&source=lnms&tbm=isch&
sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjcpu7-
_9TTAhUM7YMKHZ89BnkQ_AUIDCgD&biw=1366&bi
h=632#tbm=isch&q=town+of+tonawanda&imgrc=uG
mntXJkTiUinM:

13. Thread 2: Response to Pruitt Igoe Project, Talen, and Larson
Here is your discussion question on the Pruitt Igoe project, the Talen article, and the Larson lecture. article. Please post your own
response, and respond to at least two other students' responses.
Imagine that you are part of a urban planning and design firm working with Emily Talen (author of “Design That Enables
Diversity”) and Kent Larson (who gave the TED Talk"Brilliant Designs to Fit More People In Every City" The thee of you have been
tasked with developing a plan to rebuild Pruitt Igoe in St. Louis. City officials told the three of you that that they want to do it right
this time. Identify three strategies for rebuilding Pruitt Igoe in ways that promise to be more successful. What would Talen do?
What would Larson do? What would you do? How would your strategies differ from those of the original urban
planners/designers of the project? Why would your strategies be more effective?
Talen in redesigning the Pruitt Igoe1 would focus mainly on how he could get a mix of people like a sample of the larger community
and see how to place them comfortably in one building. Larson on the other hand would mainly focus on how he could make it
functional and how well he could make things in the actual building work rather than the community itself work. Both Talen and
Larson have good ideas and for me I think that why not take some of both. I believe that if we can make the Pruitt Igoe a healthy and
safe place for everybody and have people of all backgrounds want to go there rather than be forced, then it would be a good idea to
push for diversity for a healthy community. Then we can take some of Larson's ideas and further push the appeal to people with a
more stable and clean environment.
1Emily Talen “Design That Enables Diversity” Accessed on May 3
https://www.google.com/search?q=pruitt+igoe&clien
t=opera&hs=86R&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved
=0ahUKEwjZ1MjHgdXTAhVp2oMKHYeKCo0Q_AUICigB
&biw=1366&bih=632#imgrc=BrT3Q7PBSBQLIM:

14. Thread 1: Response to F.L. Olmsted
Displaying his plan at the 1876 Centennial Exposition in Philadelphia, Frederick Law Olmsted stated that "Buffalo is the best planned
city, as to its streets, public places, and grounds, in the United States, if not in the world." What was the basis for this claim? Would
Olmsted still make that claim today? Why or why not?
Frederick Law Olmsted claimed that Buffalo is the best planned city in the US or even the world. Buffalo has a unique layout to it that
isn't really seen in other major cities. Buffalo is not defined by a grid like pattern, but is defined by its focal points, like downtown city
hall and then its parks. Olmsted designed three parks for Buffalo that would allow it to expand into what it is today. The most notable
park would definitely be Delaware park located north of city hall. Delaware park is a large circular shape which keeps it as a large
focal point rather than a rectangle defined by a grid structure of a common US city. I believe that Olmsted would stick to his claim
today because what is Buffalo now is what it was then, when talking about the actual city planning. Although some parts of Buffalo
have deteriorated within the last 100 years or so, the large focal points like the parks have been kept and this keeps Buffalo unique and
well planned for the people living here.
https://www.google.com/search?q=delaware+park&c
lient=opera&hs=Rqm&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&
ved=0ahUKEwjCzMq9gtXTAhUh_IMKHZrqBAEQ_AUID
CgD&biw=1366&bih=632#imgrc=dSIL0ajlthVhAM:

15. Thread 2: Response to Walter Hood's Work
Identify something that should be memorialized either on UB's campus or in your hometown. Imagine that you are the person who
will oversee this project, and that you are using Walter Hood's 'triad of investigations' as your approach to the project. What would
your landscape intervention commemorate/memorialize? How will you use Hood's 'triad of investigations' to design a new landscape
intervention? What do you imagine that the design will be? (Either written or visual descriptions are acceptable).
One place that comes to mind would be Mang Park in Kenmore just north of Buffalo. Mang Park isn't the best park but it is centrally
located Kenmore and represents Kenmore. Mang has a lot of uses as several parts of it are large open fields, kids and teens will go
there to play pick up football, soccer and ultimate Frisbee. The park has a gathering area as well as a playground and tennis courts and
a popular public swimming pool in the summer so the park was really designed for anybody and everybody to enjoy. There are also
some paths through the park for anybody to take a stroll right through. The only problem with Mang Park is that it doesn’t get a lot of
recognition by the village of Kenmore. Mang park is centrally located in Kenmore and it gives a lot of what kenmore is, to kenmore.
The village itself has a lot of nice people and nice neighbors but Mang Park generally seems empty. My father recalls that Mang used
to be quite a bit more lively and what has happened since then is that Mang lost its recognition as the park to go to in Kenmore. Other
places people would go to would be the high school and its track and fields. However, Mang has a lot of wonderful things about it
that the high school doesn’t provide that could be of use if it became popular again. I think that the best way to revitalize Mang would
simply be to restore it and keep it clean and friendly to everyone. Some of the things that keep people from going to the park is simply
because not enough other people go there in the first place. If the village held more events there or made another area to it like
basketball courts, I believe that Mang could become what it used to be and people could make good use out of what it has to offer.
https://www.google.com/search?q
=mang+park&client=opera&hs=nk7
&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ve
d=0ahUKEwjzxuT6hdXTAhWqy4MK
HTnvAeIQ_AUIDSgE&biw=1366&bih
=632#imgrc=Yjx84DmBigqsVM:

16. https://www.google.c
om/search?q=uncle+t
om%27s+cabin&client
=opera&hs=oo7&sour
ce=lnms&tbm=isch&s
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qHxhtXTAhXH6YMKH
XraA84Q_AUICigB&bi
w=1366&bih=632#im
grc=-olsllrLo5tuTM:
Thread 1: Response to the Brookes
The abolitionist poster, the Brookes, is an iconic image that often is included in exhibits that explore issues of race and power. It was
commissioned by Thomas Clarkson in 1788, and the Committee of the Abolition of Slavery used it to inform and shock the
public. While some consider the poster as an important component of the abolitionist campaign, it recently “has been strongly
criticized by some individuals and groups of African heritage as providing a very limited view of the history of the transatlantic slave
trade, resistance and abolition (Hudson 2007).” The lesson here is that how a viewer sees an image is dependent upon his/her social,
economic, and cultural position. Keeping this in mind, find another iconic graphic that addresses racial issues and post it for others in
your group to view. (Add it to your response by clicking on the picture in the tools section. Do not add it as an attachment that needs
to be opened.) How do you interpret the graphic? What is its meaning? Now imagine that someone from a racial and cultural
background different than your own is looking at the same graphic. Briefly describe this person. How might s/he interpret its
meaning? How might this differ from your interpretation? What are the possible reasons for these differences?
The graphic that I chose represented another push in trying to bring people to be pro abolition and see slavery for what it is rather than
justifying it by means of calling slaves not human and therefore undeserving of natural human rights. Uncle Tom’s Cabin which sold
all through the US in 1852 was one of the precursors to the American Civil War. That being said, the book itself changed history and
the fact that it sold so well across the US especially in the northern states, really did help the abolitionists to get their backing and
enough people to actually want to start to fight against pro slavery people largely in the southern states. The text in the ad for the book
says that the book is the greatest of all age which shows how important a book like this was to really start a movement and how people
wanted this book to be spread and more widely read. If I were an African American with ancestors that maybe had been slaves I think
I would really appreciate this image and how people wanted it to spread so that they could start a movement and help slaves to become
free and have rights which they always should have had. This might differ because I am not personally appreciative of this book
although I do agree with its meaning and abolition.

17. Thread 2: Response to Charles Davis and equityXdesign's Work
Critique either the MLK Memorial or the National Museum of African American History and Culture using equityXdesign’s core
beliefs and/or design principles.
The MLK memorial in DC, I think is one of the most unique memorials in DC having been a more recent installment and one that
takes more consideration to a feeling rather than just a particular image. equityXdesign's core beliefs as MLK was a nonviolent
protester, and there was a lot of historical accuracies that were being implemented into the design. Some of King's greatest quotes are
inscribed along the wall that starts to ring around the actual statue which give the monument more context than it would as just a
statue. The memorial also is directly from his "I Have a Dream" speech being in an actual mountain or stone signifying hope. One of
the more interesting things about the monument is that the statue of Martin Luther King actually looks out over the water at the
Thomas Jefferson memorial. This was no accident as Jefferson was one of the first large anti-slavery figures believing that slavery was
the greatest threat to the new nation. Overall the memorial is very well planned and I think that it inhabits good design principals from
equityXdesign.
https://www.google.com/search?q=mlk+memorial&cl
ient=opera&hs=VYS&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&v
ed=0ahUKEwiG6dbwh9XTAhUP8YMKHSHgAxQQ_AUI
CigB&biw=1366&bih=632#imgrc=Gn8HppXtWHbRQM
:

18. Thread 1: Response to "Landscape Stories" Chapter
First, let’s start with your own home. Describe a place in your home (indoors and/or outdoors) that you think of as
representative of your own ethnic background and discuss why you consider this place to be ‘ethnic’. –OR-- Describe an object
in your home that you think of as representative of your ethnic background and discuss why this object is considered to be
‘ethnic’. (If possible, add photo/s.) Is this object or place something that you will keepor continue when you establish your
own home? Why or why not?
Now let’s move into your community. In “Landscape Stories,” the authors show how landscape architects develop a historical
narrative that sifts through and interpets the culture and material of underrepresented groups. Think about the community
where you grew up. Describe and discuss any evidence of cultural influences on the physical environment in your community.
If possible, describe evidence of the cultural influence of an underrepresented group. (If possible, add photo/s.) Is this cultural
influence being acknowledged or preserved from future generations? Why or why not?
In my own home I believe that the house design itself represents my ethnic background the best. My
house was built in the 1920's at a time where Buffalo was doing well and new architectural styles were emerging. My house would be
described as a bungalow being one floor and has a lot of parts that represent the 20's. The reason this is connected to my own ethnic
background is because in the early 1900's two of my great grandparents had immigrated to the Buffalo area from Germany. My house
is very representative as well as the furniture we picked out to match the time period of an era where my ancestors had lived.
I grew up in the greater Buffalo area and I believe that throughout Buffalo, an interesting thing is that you will see representation of
Native American culture art and history. Buffalo and Niagara Falls being in an area where the Native Americans used to dominate
before Europeans discovered it has a lot of history with the native americans. In city hall while walking up to the observation floor you
will see art and facts talking about the native americans and the europeans in the start of the city. At Niagara Falls it is even more so
representative of Native Americans as that is where many of them live.
https://www.google.com/search?q=20%2
7s+buffalo&client=opera&hs=Qx7&sourc
e=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi
2uorwiNXTAhVi7IMKHQb1C28Q_AUICigB
&biw=1366&bih=632#tbm=isch&q=buffal
o+city+hall+native+americans&imgrc=JvE
1qaNNWgHrFM:

19. Thread 2: Response to Article on Sports Branding
Recent controversies about sports branding focus on ethnicity. The Washington Redskins team is just one example of the
larger controversy, but it receives the most public attention due to the name itself being defined as derogatory or insulting in
modern dictionaries, and the prominence of the team representing the nation’s capital. Should sports team branding designers
use ethnic references (Fighting Irish, Boston Celtics, Atlanta Braves, etc.)? Why? Why not? What are some of the complexities
of this issue?
I believe that sports teams should use ethnic references because they aren't made to make fun of or think lower of certain cultures and
ethnicities, but they are there to acknowledge and show how strong and how manly or warrior-like that culture is. On the same note,
sports teams shouldn’t be able to use words that are derogatory or insulting because that’s just not good. As an example, the Fighting
Irish isn’t a name to say that all Irish fight and that’s a bad thing. The name is saying that they are the Fighting Irish and that’s
something that you want to look up to or something you want to be, as well as maybe a name that would taunt or scare other teams.
https://www.google.com/search?q=the+fighting+irish
&client=opera&hs=C17&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=
X&ved=0ahUKEwi39c3fidXTAhWKz4MKHVR7BP0Q_A
UICigB&biw=1366&bih=632#imgrc=FNQL3X4vEgZyIM:

20. Thread 1: Response to "Visualizing Gender" Chapter
In their chapter “Communicating Gender,” Maya Ganesh and Gabi Sobliye discuss two primary visual advocacy approaches:
1) get the idea, and 2) stories in data. Find a new example of either of the two visual advocacy approaches to gender issues,
and post it in this thread. Cite the source.
The visual that I chose was a graph of the percentage of women in senior management. This would be a stories in data approach
because it tells you how even over time there hasn't been much of an increase in women in higher positions. Women may seem
to have equal opportunities but this data shows how there really is a glass ceiling. The designer of the graph used simple text on
a plain background and I think that this is enough to get the message across although it may not grab your attention initially.
Other than the actual visuals, something that I would change with this graphic would be that I would put more of the historical
data on it and see how much women being in higher positions has changed since the 50's maybe by decade if that information is
attainable.
https://ublearns.buffalo.edu/courses/1/2171_14992_
COMB/db/_3661874_1/glassceiling.jpg

21. Thread 2: Response to Bathroom Bill
Last year, North Carolina Governor Pat McCrory signed into law a bill that repealed local LGBT anti-discrimination laws, and
required people to use the bathroom that corresponded with the biological gender written on their birth certificates. This prompted
massive backlash. McCrory stated, “You know, we all have to make adjustments in life. And we’ve had the proper etiquette situation
for decades in our country, and all of a sudden through political correctness we’re throwing away basic etiquette.” Just this past
Thursday, the North Carolina General Assembly passed a bill to repeal the law while placing a moratorium on nondiscrimination
measures.
Should people be required to use the bathroom that corresponds with the biological gender written on their birth certificate?
State why AND state why not. In other words, to receive full credit for this question, you need to present an argument for both
sides of the issue. As a designer, how would you solve this gender dilemma? Use the SEE-IT method to respond to this question.
I don't think that people should be required to use the bathroom that corresponds to their biological gender because for the people it
directly effects who are transgender or identify as the opposite sex as their biological gender, they should be made to feel comfortable
in their own bodies, and for the people who identify as their biological gender, it shouldn't affect them as public bathrooms are already
private. There isn't an easy way to tell if someone is transgender in the first place and there isn’t harm that can be done from having
public bathrooms opened up to people who define themselves as one gender or another that couldn’t already be done in the first place.
If a transgender does come into the bathroom that they don’t identify as but were born as it would be uncomfortable for them as well
as anybody else around because it could look like a woman going into the men’s bathroom or man into the woman’s and that could
cause issues as it is that could be avoided if people would go to the bathroom they felt comfortable to go into.
https://www.google.com/search?q=bathroom+door+
signs&client=opera&hs=I87&source=lnms&tbm=isch
&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjliquxi9XTAhXE3YMKHWAbBpc
Q_AUICygC&biw=1366&bih=632#imgrc=0DOy0UOr1l
72FM:

22. Thread 1: Response to Hidden Ways
Author Steven Flusty categorized five types of disciplinary architecture that perpetuate what he calls urban spatial injustice: 1)
stealthy, 2) slippery, 3) crusty, 4) prickly, and 5) jittery. Go out into the city of Buffalo, and find/photograph two examples from the
list of five. Identify what type of space you've photographed and why it might discriminate against a specific population. Identify the
location where you took the photographs, and make certain you are in at least one of the two photographs.
The first photo that I have would be "crusty" because the fence and barbed wire would keep people out of that area. However, as
I was around that area I noticed very clearly that on one side of that fence there was a more poor and underdeveloped
neighborhood and on the other side around the block there were nice houses that seemed developed as part of a nicer area. This
would discriminate against the population of people on the poor side because although it isn’t physically impossible to get to the
other side, this acts as a strong barrier between wealthy and poor and only furthers that gap.
My second photo was of a security notice that told people that there was a security camera around watching them. This photo
was taken at sisters hospital downtown and would be "jittery". This shows how people aren’t really trusted in certain areas
especially ones that are more run down and poor, because the idea of the owners is that more crime and theft take place in these
areas. This discriminates against people living in these areas even if they are good members of the community.

23. Thread 2: Response to People Like Us
After almost two decades of public assistance, Tammy Crabtree took herself and her family off the welfare rolls. But her job cleaning
bathrooms at a local Burger King barely paid the bills. Crabtree wanted to do better and hopes to go to college and become a teacher.
Imagine this scenario. You are a designer who works at the well-known firm, iPD (Integrated Planning and Design). You work on a
team with planners, urban designers, policy designers, architects, and social designers. You have been tasked to develop/design a way
for Tammy Crabtree and her family (and others with situations similar to Tammy’s) to move themselves out of poverty. What will
your team to do to help Tammy and her family achieve their goals? What approach will your team take to address this difficult
problem?
I think that one of the main things that could be solved for Tammy by an outside source would be a system of cheap or free
transportation to a local community college. If Tammy initially has no way of getting to college or to her job, then she is dead in the
water. Once a transportation system is implemented like a bus subway, then a large amount of opportunities and doors will open up
including schooling, and other jobs, for her and allow her to start to bring herself and family out of poverty. Transportation is only the
start in helping people out of poverty. Additional help could come in from cheap housing. Apartment buildings could be created to
reduce housing prices and allow for new construction jobs to open up as well. These apartment buildings would be located near
transportation stops to allow people to get anywhere in the area whether that be school, work, or recreation. A good thing about this
solution would be that as people like Tammy start to move out of poverty and can provide on their own, other people can move into
their old apartment and try to help themselves in their own lives and then the cycle can repeat.
https://www.google.com/search?q=bus&client=opera
&hs=fdn&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=0ahUKE
wjihZztjdXTAhXD6oMKHWJIANoQ_AUICygC&biw=136
6&bih=632#imgrc=78jxRyUvz7r1GM:

24. Thread 1: Response to Carroll Article: “(Re)forming Regent Park: When Policy Does Not Equal Practice”
The development of Regent Park is phased, and there are several more phases to the project. What actions could be taken to ensure
more social integration for the older people living in the ‘new and improved’ Regent Park?
In the development of Regent Park, there wasn't much consideration for the elderly as there was no representation for them in the
earlier phases. I think that an easy way to find out what the park would need to fully integrate the elderly would be to have a
representative of people of that age to come and see what things need to be changed. Some of the more obvious things could be
changed without this representative but I think that many things would be overlooked if this representative didn't come. A few of the
more obvious things in my opinion would be mobility issues within Regent Park, and transportation to and from it, to important areas
like local markets, a home for the elderly and even the hospital could help.
https://www.google.com/search?q=ballot&client=ope
ra&hs=23S&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=0ahU
KEwiKm-
OUj9XTAhUD5YMKHajeDfwQ_AUICigB&biw=1366&bi
h=632#imgrc=wtiNvgwvVw8VRM:

25. Thread 2: Response to Enriquez TED Talk: “What Will Humans Look Like in 100 Years?”
For this question, we will focus on Juan Enriquez’ Life Two civilization, which alters fundamental aspects of the body. We are living
longer than ever before in human history.Enriquez argues that, because of advances in bio-medical technology, the possibility of
living to 120 years of age and beyond is quite possible for many of us in this D+D class. Assuming that his assertion is accurate, how
do you think extended life spans will change our societies and built environments? What new issues might designers face because of
extended life spans?
I think that although people are living longer, that doesn’t mean that people will be in retirement homes for longer. When people are
living longer, they also are independent for longer and stay healthier for longer. However, this certainly doesn’t mean they
aren’t susceptible to injuries and diseases that come more commonly as you age longer. Longer lifespans will also mean that more
people are living on earth and more people are in retirement. Something that could change would be the retirement age. If people are
living to 120 or higher, half of their lives will be spent in retirement and they will have to be supported by workers, yet more and more
people would be adding up in retirement age. Also hospitals would have to care for more people and people will have to care for
grandparents as well as great grandparents to keep them alive and well.
One cool thing that I found was that some doctors believe that the first person to live to 150 was already born.
https://www.google.
com/search?q=old+h
ealthy+person&client
=opera&hs=9mn&so
urce=lnms&tbm=isch
&sa=X&ved=0ahUKE
wiC_b2FkNXTAhUG7
oMKHSPrAGQQ_AUI
CigB&biw=1366&bih
=632#imgrc=bWjdhsf
MFadjhM:

26. Thread 1: Response to PPT, Smithsonian, and Roy
The two most frequently mentioned models of disability are the ‘social’ and the ‘medical’ models. The
medical model of disability views disability as a medical ‘problem’ that belongs to the disabled individual.
The social model of disability, in contrast, draws on the idea that it is society that disables people, through
designing everything to meet the needs of the majority of people who are not disabled. There is a
recognition within the social model that there is a great deal that society can do to reduce, and ultimately
remove, some of these disabling barriers, and that this task is the responsibility of society, rather than the
disabled person.
In the Smithsonian online exhibition, the story about the superhero hand, and Elise Roy’s TED Talk, you saw examples of
ways to engage disability that use the social model rather than the medical model. In the Disability and Design
PowerPoint, you were introduced to the concept of Universal Design (UD) (sometimes called inclusive design, design-
for-all, or human-centered design). Certainly, UD embraces the social model of disability. In this same PowerPoint, you
saw positive and negative examples of each of the seven principles of universal design.
Something that I thought of that is difficult for certain people would be wearing sunglasses when you already wear prescription
glasses. It is hard and sometimes impossible or at least very awkward to wear both at the same time. There are some options for
people with glasses like shaded lenses, glasses that clip on, and glasses that turn into sunglasses when they are exposed to light.
This would probably be closes to either Equitable use or Flexibility of use. I say that because people who don't need glasses
wouldnt wear sunglasses that clip on to the front of normal glasses or the other options, but the options are there for people
who need glasses so they are flexible and equitable use.
https://www.google.com/search?q=glasses+over+glas
ses&client=opera&hs=Arn&source=lnms&tbm=isch&s
a=X&ved=0ahUKEwjm___7kNXTAhUB1oMKHXK3DJo
Q_AUICigB&biw=1366&bih=632#imgrc=O3TYjBmHV-
2skM:

27. Thread 2: Response to Survey, FIXED, and Stelarc
Our 2017 Design-A-Baby survey yielded the following characteristics as indicated by a majority of you:
 Sex: Male (47%)
 Hair Color: Dark Brown (22%)
 Hair Texture: Wavy (33%)
 Eye Color: Blue (26%)
 Race: Caucasian (36%)
 Height: 5’-10” to 6’-1” (45%)
 IQ: 131-140 (20%)
 Memory: Excellent (43%)
 Athletic Ability: Excellent (43%)
 Weight: Average (79%)
 Disease Carrier: None (85%)
 Beauty: Somewhat attractive (46%)
 Empathy: Very empathetic (38%)
 Creativity: Very creative (37%)
Sounds like an all-around lovely person!
Currently, we have the technology for you to choose many of the survey characteristics in your future child, and this ability to choose
poses some ethical questions. Of course, we all want the best for our own child. However, as we move into a more collective situation,
we need to consider how the consequences of majority choices for children might change who we are as a species.
In the film trailer FIXED, you were introduced to the dilemma of living in a culture in which the “science-fiction of human
enhancement” has become almost a way of life, from prenatal genetic screening to bionic body parts. In the video, “A Man with Three
Ears” you are introduced to an artist who is using current technology to move humans beyond their current abilities. Last week, Juan
Enriquez asked us if it is ethical to evolve the human body. All of these videos suggest that the concept of disability ‘as we know it’
could cease to exist in the future.
This leads us to this week’s discussion question:
What lessons do you think we should learn from history when thinking about emerging enhancement technologies
and reproductive technologies? What are some of the possible consequences (both positive and negative) of being able to
design our bodies and the bodies of our children? What ethical quandaries do these technologies pose?

28. I don’t personally think that technology should be used to enhance someone from birth at all other than for health reasons like the
child or mother would die in birth or the child needed certain procedures during pregnancy to make sure it survived. However, from a
scientific lens, I can definitely see the implications that technologically enhancing our children would have. Making some kind of
superior child could help humans live longer, be smarter healthier and help other people in need. This may also raise issues of if a
family has enough money to make a "superior" child and that kid is better than that of a poor family then how will that kid feel
because they believe they are somehow worse. I definitely think that the book Frankenstein has warned us about "playing god" and
how a lot of the time it won’t turn out the way we intended.
https://www.google.com/search?q=frankenstein&clie
nt=opera&hs=BET&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ve
d=0ahUKEwiuwdPAkdXTAhUrzIMKHag4AAQQ_AUICig
B&biw=1366&bih=632#imgrc=O_U05i5OdJJUzM:

29. Thread 1: Response to Titicut Follies
The state of Massachusetts tried to ban the 1967 documentary Titicut Follies, arguing that director Frederick Wiseman had violated
the patients’ rights by not getting written permission to film them. The case went to court, and Wiseman argued that he had consent
from their legal guardian, the institution. After a judge ruled in favor of the state, the legal appeals carried on for several years: in
1969, Massachusetts allowed the film to be shown to doctors, lawyers, and health care professionals; in 1991, a superior court judge
ruled it could be released for the “general public,” as privacy concerns were no longer at issue, so many years later.
Should Wiseman have been allowed to film the residents of Bridgewater Massachusetts Correctional Facility? Why or why
not? How might this film be of value to designers (communication designers, product, designers, architects, interior designers,
planners, landscape designers, systems designers, and/or social designers)? In other words, what might they gain from this
film that they could use in their work?
Although the documentary may have had good intentions, I think it violated the patients’ rights and therefore it should not have been
allowed to be released to anyone. The argument that the legal guardian of each patient is the institution itself doesn’t make sense
because the institution was biased in that they wanted the film and they didn’t care about how each patient felt about it. The ruling that
the film should be released to only certain people, I also disagree with because no matter what each patient had their rights violated if
they didn’t want to be shown to anyone regardless of if they are a doctor lawyer or health care professional. The film could be
beneficial to designers in that it shows how their designs can impact people and what they can do for next time and how it is important
to find out what the individuals think of your work rather than what you think it will do for them. Even if it is beneficial to other
people, the patients’ rights were violated so I still believe it should not have been released.
https://www.google.com/
search?q=mental+hospital
&client=opera&hs=T0j&so
urce=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=
X&ved=0ahUKEwicnPqC4f
LTAhXhsFQKHQzKCaYQ_A
UICygC&biw=1366&bih=6
32#imgrc=98rT2HqQkw3
MjM:

30. Thread 2: Response to PPT, The Architecture of Autism, Public Space
Prelude: Wolf Wolfensberger's seminal work "The Origin and Nature of Our Institutional Models" posited that society characterizes
people with intellectual disabilities as sub-human and burdens of charity, He argued that this dehumanization, and the segregated
institutions that result from it, ignored the potential productive contributions that all people can make to society. He pushed for a shift
in policy and practice that recognized the human needs of those with intellectual challenges and provided the same basic human rights
as for the rest of the population.
The Scenario: Imagine that you and your four children live in Amherst, New York in a $650,000 home at the end of a cul-de-sac on
the edge of a ten acre woods. The town has purchased a one acre lot three houses away from yours, and plans to build a group home
for ten intellectually challenged adults.
As a resident of the neighborhood, would you support or oppose this proposal and why?
You've learned additional information about the residents of the proposed group home in your neighborhood. In 2013, three of the ten
intended residents exhibited challenging behaviors including screaming, public masturbation, repetitive rocking, and echolalia
(elective incontinence). However, these behaviors have not occurred since then.
How would this change your opinion about the construction of the group home in your neighborhood?
The residents in your neighborhood voted (14-3) to reject the town of Amherst’s proposal to build a group home in the neighborhood.
Town officials agreed that the home would not be built in your neighborhood if you and your neighbors could develop a workable
alternative.
What are some possible solutions that would allow the residents of the home to be provided with “the same basic human rights
as the rest of the population”?
I think that of course I would be ok with the town building a home for people with mental disabilities. If I were to vote against it, then
I would only be sheltering my children and blocking them from learning about the real world and about how to be kind to others. If
my children went through their entire life living in a wonderful home in a perfect neighborhood, then what would they know about the
less fortunate and how would they appreciate the things they were given. Even after learning about the behaviors that they had, I
wouldn't be against the new house as each wouldn’t directly harm me or my children although it may not be necessarily appealing
like public masturbation or screaming. After learning that the neighborhood rejected the proposal, and having to work out an
alternative the first thing I would do is ask where do you want to live to each of the 10 intended residents. After asking I would see
what they want and find out what I can do. Each of the residents must have an opinion and have a right to pick where they want to live
and that’s why I would ask to find the best solution.
https://www.google.com/search?q=children+eyes+co
vered&client=opera&hs=OPP&source=lnms&tbm=isc
h&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjdx9T_4fLTAhWnllQKHb5CC6Y
Q_AUICigB&biw=1366&bih=632#tbm=isch&q=childre
n+eyes+covered+by+parent&imgrc=7e89shN4INzi-M:

31. Thread 1: Response to The Connection Between Religion and Urban Planning by David Engwicht
In his article, David Engwicht discusses the fact that religions (of all types) have played major roles in the development of our cities.
Today, places of worship are primary components of almost all urban centers. Author Lorne Daniel writes “From their often active
role in supporting people who live in city centers to their iconic influence on design and use of space, religious structures tell us a lot
about our history, our current needs, and where we might be headed in the future. This is an aspect of our urban future that planners
and urbanists should attend to.”
Identify a place of worship with which you are somewhat familiar. (If you are not familiar with any places of worship, do a bit
of research on one in your own city or town.) Show a photograph of this religious structure. (You may use photographs from
the web.) What roles has this place servedin the development of your city/town? How has it influenced the design of the area
around it? How has its role changed over time? What roles could this place of worship play in the future development of your
city/town?
In my town just north of Buffalo there are several churches throughout, however I don't know too much about them so I decided to do
a little research and I found that just south of where I live in the city of Buffalo there is synagogue called Temple Beth Zion. The
temple is located in between Delaware Park and City Hall making it part of the main strip on Delaware Avenue through Buffalo. The
temple was built in 1967 after the old ones through the Temple Beth Zion organization were bought sold and burned down from 1863
until then. It immediately became a landmark in Buffalo because of its unique design which helped the Jewish community of Buffalo.
The temple was one of the first building built to revitalize Buffalo which is happening more prominently today as more buildings are
being renovated or being built in Buffalo since Buffalo was on a decline since the grain mills started to close. This means that the
temple has influence on the greater Buffalo as well as the Jewish community in Buffalo with the JCC (Jewish Community Center)
being located not far from it. The roles this temple could play in the future which it is playing right now is that it is a symbol for the
Jewish Community in Buffalo as well as it is a symbol of Buffalo making a come-back.
https://www.google.com/sea
rch?q=temple+beth+zion&clie
nt=opera&hs=Km4&source=l
nms&tbm=isch&sa=X&sqi=2&
ved=0ahUKEwj5g6fE4vLTAhX
BQJoKHZagAUQQ_AUIBygC&
biw=1366&bih=632#imgrc=PB
8CLc3rPEPOmM:
https://www.google.com/search
?q=temple+beth+zion&client=op
era&hs=Km4&source=lnms&tbm
=isch&sa=X&sqi=2&ved=0ahUKE
wj5g6fE4vLTAhXBQJoKHZagAUQ
Q_AUIBygC&biw=1366&bih=632
#imgrc=PQ9NARrCGxtw1M:

32. Thread 2: Response to Prospects for the Future of Diversity and Design
Consider the quote in your syllabus from educator Michael J. Shannon: “Design, as vision in action--the intersection of understanding
and creation--is a universal human capability that can play a fundamental role in social evolution, in the process that transforms
resources, energy, and information to make our world.”
At the beginning of this course, we discussed the idea that we are all designers regardless of our profession or field of study. We’ve
asked some big questions along the way, and the conclusion section of our textbook raises additional issues that require input from
people who might not consider themselves to be part of the formalized design professions.
Think about your own major and/or future profession. What is the biggest challenge, problem, or question that your field
needs to tackle right now? What do you plan to do to address this challenge, problem, or question either as part of your
studies or professional life?
For Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering there are several problems that could be considered a "biggest challenge" as this field of
study has many sub-categories and problems that need to be solved for different aspects. One of the more interesting challenges would
have to be the challenge of getting a manned mission to mars and back. The reason I chose this challenge over others like aircraft
speeds, fuel efficiency, military applications, etc. is because a manned mission to mars would have the greatest social impact on the
world as well as be one of the greatest technological achievements of man-kind ever. There are many, many, factors that go into a
mission like this that require aerospace and mechanical engineers to solve. If the problem was easy, we'd have gone to mars already.
As for me, to address this challenge would be the best opportunity I could have in my major. I don't quite know what I could be
specifically working on, and I'd like to learn more about each aspect going into this study before I would be able to say what I could
do for this challenge. Next year, instead of going back to UB I am joining the Air Force and I am going to learn as much as I can there
for my major depending on what job I will have. Then I plan on coming back to school with a more developed perspective and
hopefully be able to make an impact on this grand challenge.
https://www.google.co
m/search?q=US+air+for
ce&client=opera&hs=Z
9j&source=lnms&tbm=i
sch&sa=X&ved=0ahUK
EwiHztyP4_LTAhULwV
QKHaxQDKUQ_AUICyg
C&biw=1366&bih=632#
imgrc=Fz6ydIsZgJyvzM:
https://www.google.com
/search?q=nasa&client=o
pera&hs=aAk&source=ln
ms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved
=0ahUKEwiGofGt4_LTAh
Ups1QKHU1cBqgQ_AUID
CgD&biw=1366&bih=632
#imgrc=HTbEvS0ceMiNX
M: