Regional Economy Development Chapter 2

1. WORLD REGIONAL GEOGRAPHY
CHAPTER 2 : NATURAL ENVIRONMENT

2. NATURAL ENVIRONMENT
Natural Environment is a set of living and non
living
things on Earth which occur substantially and not
influence by human.

3. NATURAL ENVIRONMENT
• WEATHER
• GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE
• NATURAL HAZARD
• NATURAL RESOURCES

4. WEATHER
Short term description of the air in area
measured
by temperature, humidity, wind and other
factors

5. GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE
 The weather conditions in an area over a long period
of time.
 The earth is tilted on its axis 23.5 degrees. As it
rotates around the sun, the tilt of the earth’s axis
provides different climatic seasons because of the
variations in the angle of direct sunlight on the planet

6. • Tropical or equatorial climate
• Dry or Arid Climate
• Moderate or Temperate climate
• Continental climate
• Polar or extreme climate

7. TROPICAL OR EQUATORIAL CLIMATE
• Usually found in tropics region : Southeast Asia region
• Ex : Malaysia , Thailand , Vietnam , Indonesia, Singapore
• Warm temperatures all year around
• This climates produce a dry season and a wet season (monsoon), while
others receive consistent rainfall throughout the year.
• This is the only climate that can support true rainforests..
• Since the main vegetation is forests, monkeys are common in Tropical Wet.
Snakes, frogs, birds, and small mammals are also found here. The largest
group of animals are insects.

9. DRY OR ARID CLIMATE
 Examplified by the earth’s desert regions.
 Ex : Central Arizona , The Hawaiian Island
 Temperatures can be extreme.
 Experience low rainfall and high temperatures during
summer on the day and cooler temperatures at night or
during the winter season

11. MODERATE AND TEMPERATE CLIMATE
 Climate that good for agriculture
 Fruit trees such as grapes, olives, and citrus fruits grow well here.
 Moderate in temperature and precipitation
 Favourable for human habitation
 Have seasonal change
 Winters are too cool meanwhile summer are usually warm
 Plants in Mediterranean climate must be able to survive long dry summers.

13. CONTINENTAL CLIMATE
• Colder winter
• Seasonal variations exists
• With cool to hot summer and colder winter
• Precipitation usually in form of rain during summer and snow during winter
• Ex : Great Lake region in United States , Canada and Russia
• Some areas are covered in grassland. These are sometimes called
temperate grasslands. This climate is excellent for farming since it has warm
summers and regular rainfall.
• A wide variety of plants often supports a wide variety of animals including
bears, wolves, coyotes, deer, and other smaller mammals

15. POLAR OR EXTREME CLIMATE
• Found in polar region near or to the north of the Arctic Circle and near or to
the south of the Antarctic Circle
• Cold with permanent ice or permafrost year around
• Vegetation is minimal, there are no trees.
• Temperature may warm slightly during he short summer months

17. A N AT U R A L H A Z A R D I S A N AT U R A L P H E N O M E N O N
T H AT M I G H T H AV E A N E G AT I V E E F F E C T O N
H U M A N S O R T H E E N V I R O N M E N T.

18. NATURAL HAZARD
• Natural hazard events can be classified into two broad categories: geophysical and
biological.
EXAMPLE :
• Tsunami
• Volcanic Eruption
• Earthquake

19. • M A T E R I A L S O R S U B S T A N C E S O C C U R R I N G I N N A T U R E W H I C H
C A N B E E X P L O I T E D F O R E C O N O M I C G A I N
• N A T U R A L R E S O U R C E S A R E R E S O U R C E S T H A T E X I S T W I T H O U T
A C T I O N S O F H U M A N K I N D .
• T H I S I N C L U D E S A L L V A L U E D C H A R A C T E R I S T I C S S U C H A S
M A G N E T I C , G R A V I T A T I O N A L , E L E C T R I C A L P R O P E R T I E S A N D
F O R C E S

20. NATURAL RESOURCES
People do not make natural resources, but gather them from the Earth
Two type of resources : Renewable & Non-renewable
Example :
- Air
- Water
- Wood
- Oil
- Wind Energy
- Iron
- Coal

21. HUMAN GEOGRAPHIES
• The branch of geography dealing with how human activity affects or is
influenced by the earth's surface.
• Human geography is the branch of geography that deals with the study of
people and their communities, cultures, economies, and interactions with the
environment by studying their relations with and across space and place.
• Ex: Language, Religion

22. LANGUAGE
• The method of human communication, either spoken or written, consisting of
the use of words in a structured and conventional way.
• System of communication used by a particular country or community.
• There are 13 major language of the world
• Example : Mandarin , English , Arabic, Spanish , Russian

23. RELIGION
• The belief in and worship of a superhuman controlling power, especially a
personal God or gods.
• A particular system of faith and worship
• A personal set or institutionalized system of religious attitudes, beliefs, and
practices
• Top three religion in world
- Islam
- Christianity
- Hinduism

24. I S A B R A N C H O F G E O G R A P H Y T H AT D E A L S W I T H
H U M A N G O V E R N M E N T, T H E B O U N D A R I E S A N D T H E
S U B - B O U N D A R I E S O F P O L I T I C A L U N I T S AT N AT I O N O R
S T AT E S A N D T H E S I T U AT I O N O F T H E C I T Y

25. TYPE OF POLITICAL
• MONARCHY – government which a single family rules from generation to
generation Ex: United Kingdom, Brunei ,United Arab Emirates
• DEMOCRACY – government which power belong to the people
Ex: United States , Malaysia
• OLIGARCHY – government which all power resides with a few people or in a
dorminant group within the society
Ex: Soviet Union
• AUTHORITARIANISM – government in which people have no participation
Ex : Cuba
• TOTALTARIANISM – government in which one person or political party exercise
absolute control Ex : North Korea

26. ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHIES
• The study of the location, distribution and spatial organisation of economic
activities across around the world
• Economic geography is the study of the location, distribution and spatial
organization of economic activities across the world.

27. TYPE OF ECONOMIC SECTOR
- Primary : the process of extraction and collecting raw materials from the Earth
Ex : agriculture (both subsistence and commercial), mining, forestry, farming
- Secondary : the process of transforming or manufacturing raw material to semi-
finished goods or finished goods
Ex : heavy manufacturing, light manufacturing, food processing, oil refining and energy
production
- Tertiary : Mostly a sector that provide services
Ex : the health service, transportation, education, entertainment, tourism, finance, sales
and retail
- Quaternary : A economic sector that a knowledge based service , intellectual
services.
Ex : computing and ICT (information and communication technologies), consultancy
(offering advice to businesses) and R&D (research, particularly in scientific fields).

28. THANK YOU 
NAME : NURUL AINAA NAJWA BINTI
KAMARUDZAMAN