2. 01 Why do we divide into different types of texts?
Table of contents
02 5 types of texts and their functions
03 Activities
3. Why do we divide into
different types of texts?
01
4. Why do we divide into different types of
texts?
There are different types of texts, each one with a specific structure, characteristics and
functions. These are important to know so that when we write, we will be able to communicate
what we want more effectively.
6. (01) Narrative texts
This type of text narrates a succession of events that take place in a defined space and time.
A narrator describes the actions, which can be real, fictitious or based on real events, within a
structure consisting of a beginning, a development and a conclusion. Even if it narrates
fantastic events, the text must be plausible for the reader.
Examples of this type of text:
● Short story
● Novel
● Chronicle
● Report
7. (02) Descriptive texts
A descriptive text is a detailed description of the qualities, characteristics or attributes of an
object, phenomenon, situation, person or animal. It is usually structured in beginning,
development and conclusion.
There are two types:
● The objective description, which is closer to reality.
● The literary or subjective description, in which the writer describes something that
emanates from their imagination.
Thus, the descriptive text has the function of describing a situation, person, animal or
object. Examples: Description of a product for sale, a work of art, a poem.
8. (03) Argumentative texts
These are texts based on a central idea with the intention of proving or disproving it. The
argument is developed throughout the text to make it more understandable to readers.
Argumentative texts may use resources such as quotations, verifiable data or examples to
reinforce the argument. They express ideas in a clear, direct and orderly way to gain
coherence and capture the reader's attention.
Examples:
● Reviews
● Theses
● Opinion articles
● Essays
9. (04) Expository texts
Expository texts present a series of ideas in an informative way. They can serve as the basis
for an oral discourse or for the exposition of concepts in a specialized field. They are used to
communicate ideas in a pedagogical way, they use technical or specialized language and
are usually structured in short and concrete sentences to facilitate comprehension.
Examples:
● Informative articles
● Encyclopedias
● Study manuals
● Textbooks
10. (05) Textos instructivos
These are texts that offer the necessary indications to carry out an action. Their content is
usually specific and they use a language that allows the instructions to be accessible to most
readers. They present the information in a hierarchical way (steps, sequences, a numbered
list, etc.) and use graphic resources, such as infographics or images, to facilitate
comprehension.
Examples:
● Recipes
● Manuals
● Instructions
12. Activity: Identify the type of text
“De pronto me encontré sin darme cuenta en un bosque desolado, solamente se escuchaba el
dulce susurro de la brisa otoñal, un sentimiento de nostalgia invadió mi cuerpo…”
The type of text is:
13. Activity: Identify the type of text
"How to use floor cleaner:
● Wear gloves to avoid direct contact with the product.
● Open the container and use one measure of cleaner per liter of water.
● Dampen the floor mop in the mixture.
● After cleaning, wipe with a new floor mop dampened only with water."
The type of text is:
14. Activity: Identify the type of text
"And giving these and other similar reasons, releasing the dagger, he raised his two-handed
spear and struck the muleteer so hard on the head with it that he knocked him to the ground so
badly beaten that if he were to second with another, he would have no need of a master to cure
him."
The Ingenious Gentleman Don Quixote of La Mancha, by Miguel de Cervantes.
The type of text is:
15. Activity: Identify the type of text
"Volcanoes:
A volcano is a mountain-shaped geological formation with an opening at its summit, called a
vent. Volcanoes cause eruptions, i.e., emissions of lava, gases and ash from the Earth's core.
A volcano is generated from breaks in the earth's crust through which magma, molten rock
from the earth's interior, erupts. The material that accumulates with each eruption is what gives
the volcano its mountainous shape."
The type of text is:
16. Activity: Identify the type of text
"Review of the documentary Blackfish
Blackfish is a documentary that denounces the treatment of captive animals in the marine parks
of a well-known multinational company. The whole story revolves around Tilikum, an orca who
was captured and separated from his family during the 1980s. The animal was involved in
several attacks on human beings as a consequence of the stress caused by his captivity. The
broadcast of the documentary sparked controversy and was a major shock for the company,
which suffered heavy losses due to public pressure."
The type of text is:
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