1. Define the liver, and describe its location 2. Describe the main features of the liver 3. List and describe the main functions of the liver

1. LiverLocation & function
Nouf Almousa, Eman alshammari, Hawraa alsalman, Jumana Alfayez

2. Objectives
• Define the liver, and describe its location
• Describe the main features of the liver
• List and describe the main functions of the liver

3. Definition & location
of liver
The liver is a large, meaty organ that sits on the right
side of the belly.
The liver is reddish-brownin color and feels
rubbery to the touch. It’s protected by the rib cage.
Nouf Almousa

4. The liver is grossly divided into two portions – a
right and a left lobe, as viewed from the front
from the front surface; but the underside shows
it to be divided into four lobes and includes the
caudate and quadrate lobes. The gallbladder
The gallbladder sits under the liver, along with
parts of the pancreas and intestines. The liver
and these organs work together to digest,
absorb, and process food.
Nouf Almousa

5. Liver function

6. Function 1:
Secretion of bile
• Bile, greenish yellow secretion that is
produced in the liver and passed to
concentration, storage, or transport
the small intestine (the duodenum).
• Its function is to aid in
duodenum, bile also serves as route
bilirubin, a byproduct of red blood
the liver .
• Bile is composed of bile acids and
phospholipids, cholesterol, pigments,
electrolyte chemicals
Eman Alshammari

7. Function 2 Metabolism of nutrient
One of major function of the liver is the metabolic process of major categories of nutrient e.g.
(carbohydrate ,lipid ,protein ..)
Excess glucose entering the blood after a meal is rapidly taken up by the liver and sequestered as the
large polymer, glycogen (a process called glycogenesis) carbohydrate metabolism
Deamination and transamination of amino acids, followed by conversion of the non-nitrogenous
conversion of the non-nitrogenous part of those molecules to glucose or lipids. Several of the enzymes
used in these pathways (for example, alanine and aspartate aminotransferases) are commonly assayed in
serum to assess liver damage).protein metabolism
Eman Alshammari

8. Function 3:
Synthesis of plasma proteins
• Plasma proteins consist of many known proteins
including albumin, fibrinogens and apolipoproteins.
Factors involved in hemostasis and fibrinolysis
including coagulation factors, anti-trypsin and
plasminogen are secreted into the blood as well as
carrier proteins such as transferrin and retinol.
Examples of plasma proteins include APOB, APOA1,
FGG, C2, KNG1, and FGA.
Hawraa Alsalman
In plasmaIn Liver

9. Function 4:
Storage of iron
• Iron levels within the body need to be tightly regulated.
Therefore, excess amounts must be stored in places such as
the liver. Most iron stored in the liver as ferritin or hemosiderin,
proteins produced by the liver. All cell types within the liver can
store iron however the majority is stored within hepatocytes.
Hawraa Alsalman

10. Function 5:
Detoxification of certain hormones and drugs
• The liver filters and removes compounds from the body.
This includes toxins that our body produces as part of
normal metabolism; pathogens like viruses and bacteria,
cholesterol, hormones that our body excretes once it's used
them eg. estrogen, external toxins - alcohol, drugs,
chemicals we encounter through food, breathing, personal
care products and our environment.
Jumana Alfayez

11. Function 6:
Removing bacteria by Kupffer cells
(Phagocytic cells in Liver)
• Kupffer cells (also known as stellate
sinusoidal macrophages or Kupffer-
macrophages found in the
sinusoids of the liver. The main role
to clear foreign debris and particles
system circulation that pass the
Jumana Alfayez

12. Questions Section

13. 1. All these are properties of the liver, except:
A. Fleshy
B. Lift side of the belly
C. Reddish-brown
D. Rubbery

14. 2. How many lobes are in the liver?
A. 2
B. 3
C. 4
D. 5

15. 3. Bile transport into small intestine in the?
A. The duodenum.
B. Jejunum
C. Ileum

16. 4. Glycogenesis Metabolism of which nutrient?
A. Protein
B. Carbohydrate
C. Lipid

17. A. Anti-trypsin ,plasminogen
B. Retinol, hemopexin
C. Albumin, fibrinogens
5. Plasma proteins consist of many known proteins
including ……………… and…………

18. A. In ferritin
B. In adipose tissue
C. In bone marrow
6. Where most of the iron stores in?

19. A. Before digestion
B. After digestion.
C. Before secretion
5.When does detoxification in the liver occur?

20. Thank you for listening
DONE !