its a ppt on manufacturing industry

1. Manufacturing industries
Geography

2. Importance of Manufacturing Industries
• The manufacturing sector is considered the backbone of development due to
the following reasons:
• Manufacturing industries help in modernizing agriculture as it provides jobs
in secondary and tertiary sectors.
• It helps in the eradication of unemployment and poverty.
• Export of manufactured goods expands trade and commerce, and brings in
much needed foreign exchange.
• It helps in prospering the country by giving a boost to the economy.

3. Industrial Location
• Industrial locations are influenced by the availability of:
• Raw material
• Labour
• Land
• Capital
• Power
• Water
• Transport
• Market
• Government policies

4. Classification of industries
• Based on raw material: Agro based, Mineral based
• Role : Key/main ,Consumer
• Investment: Small scale . Cottage or large scale
• Ownership : Private, Public ,Joint or cooperative
• Weight: Heavy or light

5. Textile Industries
• 14perof industrial production
• 35 million people employed (next to agriculture)
• 24 per foreign exchange earning
• 4 per to GDP

6. Cotton Textile Industries
• Cotton mills (1st in 1854-Mumbai) now 1962 mills with 80per in private –
handloom,powerloom
• Fibre-raw material,spinning-yarn,knitting-fabric,Dye- garments
• Previously- Maharashtra and Gujarat (cotton, market and port)
• Spinning (Maharashtra,Gujarat and Tamil Nadu) weaving (Khadi-charka)
Decentralized
Export yarn-Japan.US,UK,France,Singapore,Sri Lanka
2nd largest spindles next to china

7. Jute Industry
• Largest producer of jute and jute goods
• 2nd exporter after Bangladesh
• Most mills in W.Bengal-Hugli river (1st at Rishra)
• Why good location? Inexpensive water,cheap labour,producing area,transport network,
banking and insurance
• Support 2.6 lakh directly and 40 lakh indirectly
• Competition with synthetic fiber
• 2005- National jute policy
• Market- USA, Canada, Russia, Unitied Arab Republic, U K and Australia
• Environment Friendly and biodegradable

8. Sugar Industry – Gur and Khandsari
• Raw Material-Bulky
• Transport reduces sucrose
• 60 percent in UP and Bihar
• Shifting to south and west – Maharashtra – higher sucrose, cooperatives and
cool climate for long crushing season

9. Iron and steel Industry
• Production and consumption is index od development
• China is largest producer and consumer
• Iron: coking coal : manganese – 4:2:1
• The raw material required to melt iron into blast furnace are coking coal, limestone and iron.
• Largest producer of sponge iron
• Production of pig iron made in the molds (molds are known as pigs).The pig iron is produce is a raw iron.
• And from the raw iron a process iron is produce used to making a steel and rollers and fabricators
• Most of them are concentrated in chota Nagpur plateau bcoz of the high grade iron ,cheap labour and low cost of
production.
• Poor performance – low productivity , erratic power, High cost of coking coal, poor infrastructure
• Bilai in Chattisghad, Jamshedpur and Bokharo in Jharkhand, Durgapur and Burnpur in West Bengal,Ravalkhara and
Jajapur in Orissa are the basic industries in India
• Collaboration Durgapur- British >Rurekhala- German >Bilai -Russia
• Tata Iron and steel company is the private sector. Under steel manufacturing industry.

10. Aluminum Industry
• The ore that is used is Bauxite which very bulky and red in colour.
• Around four to six tone bauxite is use to produce one tone of Aluminum.
• Craulight which act as electrolyte in the process and mix up the reaction.
• Aluminum industry is main used in wiring ,it’s a good conductor, malleable
• 2nd after iron and steel, very light, resistant to corrosion
• Strong when mixed with other metals
• 8 plants- NALCO and BALCO in W . Bengal, Kerala , UP ,Chhattisgarh ,
Maharashtra and T.Nadu

11. Chemical Industry
• India contributes 3 percentage of GDP from chemical industry.
• 3rd largest in Asia and 12th in world
• Chemical industries can be two types
• Inorganic –H2SO4, synthetic fiber , soda ash , alkalies,soap and detergent
• Organic –Petrochemical, rubber, plastic, dyes, pharma drugs

12. Fertilizer Industry
• Its called as NPK industry – nitrogen ,phosphorus ,and potassium
• Potash is imported in India
• 3rd largest in nitrogenous fertilizer in the world.
• There 10 public sector units and 1 cooperative (Hazira , Gujarat)
• During green revolution lot of NPK fertilizer were used and the result was good as the production was higher.
• Over the period of years land degradation was noticed significantly by use of inorganic fertilizer that is NPK
• urea a natural fertilizer- Urea was provided through the PDS but urea went into the open market to get more price
to the urea and did not went through the PDS
• In order to curb this the government launch a neem coated urea which can be used only in farming not in the other
industry. Then the neem coated urea was distributed through PDS
• Neem coated urea as its unique benefit – slow dissolution –( presence in a soil longer time ,it’s a natural fertilizer
and over comes the problem of Land degradation due to NPK fertilizer)
• Now its popular fertilizer used in a fertilizer industry

13. Cement Industry
• We have many large and small plants which produce cement
• and mainly used in construction.
• And the first cement company was started in 1904 in Chennai.
• Who ever in 1989 it was expanded bcoz of the distribution and decontrol of
the price
• Meets the local demands
• This industry requires bulky and heavy raw materials like limestone, silica and
gypsum.

14. Automobile Industry
• From the last fifteen years it got its momentum with the foreign direct
investment.
• This industry deals with the manufacturing of trucks, buses, cars,
motorcycles, scooters, three-wheelers and multi-utility vehicles.
• These industries are located around Delhi, Guru gram, Mumbai, Pune,
Chennai, Kolkata, Lucknow, Indore, Hyderabad, Jamshedpur and Bengaluru.

15. Information Technology
• The electronics industry covers a wide range of products from transistor sets
to television, telephones, cellular telecom, telephone exchange, radars,
computers and many other equipment required by the telecommunication
industry.
• This industry has generated employment in India. Bengaluru is known as the
electronic capital of India.

16. Industrial Pollution
• Industries are responsible for 4 types of pollution:
• Air
• Water
• Land
• Noise
• Air pollution is caused by the presence of a high proportion of undesirable
gases, such as sulphur dioxide and carbon monoxide. Smoke is emitted by
chemical and paper factories, brick kilns, refineries and smelting plants, and
burning of fossil fuels leads to air pollution. It adversely affects human
health, animals, plants, buildings and the atmosphere as a whole.

17. Continue….
• Water pollution is caused by organic and inorganic industrial wastes and
effluents discharged into rivers. The industries which are mainly responsible
for water pollution are paper, pulp, chemical, textile and dyeing, petroleum
refineries, tanneries and electroplating industries.
• Thermal pollution of water occurs when hot water from factories and
thermal plants is drained into rivers and ponds before cooling.
• Noise pollution is the propagation of noise with harmful impact on the
activity of human or animal life. It results in irritation, anger, cause hearing
impairment, increased heart rate and blood pressure.

18. Control of Environmental Degradation
Here are some ways through which industrial pollution can be reduced:
1.Minimising the use of water by reusing and recycling it.
2.Harvesting rainwater to meet water requirements.
3.Treating hot water and effluents before releasing them in rivers and ponds.
a. Primary treatment-mechanical- grinding ,sedimentation
b. Secondary – Biological
c. Tertiary – recycle waste
4.Particulate matter in the air can be reduced by fitting smoke stacks to factories with electrostatic
precipitators, fabric filters, scrubbers and inertial separators.
Smoke can be reduced by using oil or gas instead of coal in factories.
Machinery can be redesigned to increase energy efficiency and reduce noise.