Ranganathan suggested that information is created in three steps (each in a separate location or plane). An initial idea occurs in someone’s mind (the idea plane); then it is described or discussed in words (the verbal plane); and finally it is written down (the notation plane).
1. PLANES OF WORK
LIS02: KNOWLEDGE ORGANIZATION:
CLASSIFICATION AND ONTOLOGY
Presented by
Nijwm Basumatary M2015MLIS009
Nishant Kashyap Ghatowar M2015MLIS010
Thang Sign Paumungmang Simte M2015MLIS015
2. CONTENTS
• Introduction
• Idea Plane
• Importance of Ideal Plane
• Verbal Plane
• Verbal Planes : Problems and Solutions
• Notational Plane
• Advantages of Separation of planes of work
• Interrelationship of the three planes
• Practical Classification
• Conclusion
3. INTRODUCTION
● The development of the three planes of work
came up when their arose a separation of the
work in the classification.
● The three planes of works are assigned their own
roles.
● The three planes of work are the
(1) Ideal plane
(2) Verbal Plane
(3) Notational Plane.
4. IDEAL PLANE
● Ideas comes from mind and mind in Sanskrit means “ to think
“. As such Ideas come when their is self-communication with
the mind.
● Ranganathan and Gopinath (1967) said, “The destiny of any
idea created by one mind is the minds of the others.”
● An idea is just a thought but when it fuses with mind it gets
modified.
● Ideas are transferred through the medium of language.
5. DEFINITION
● Ideas in general term is basically thought or collection
of thoughts that generate in the mind.
● The development of idea don't have a specific root.
● Ideas are sometimes developed intentionally, but can
also be created unintentionally.
● Ideas are formed through judgement, discussions .
● An idea is an impression or notion that tries to
portray the overarching scope or outline.
6. IMPORTANCE OF IDEAL PLANE
Some of the importance of the Ideal Plane are as follows:-
1. Ability to arrange new concepts/subjects in chain for some
unknown isolates/classes.
2. Controls the work in the notational plane and the verbal plane.
3. Recognises and determines the numbers of emerging and unknown
subjects and places it in order among the already existing subjects.
7. IMPORTANCE OF IDEAL PLANE
4. Ideal Plane is pre-eminent it does not manifest itself directly.
5. Analyses and atomises unlimited ideas.
6. Identifies data entities about which attribute data are to be
collected for use.
7. It is the theoretic basis for the foundation of knowledge
organisation and the classification system.
8. Determines the purpose and structure of the classification system.
8. VERBAL PLANE: AN INTRODUCTION
● Verbal plane is the 2nd step in any
classification process
● Its work is to express ideas in words or
terms
●It is naming of ideas in order to facilitates
communication
●It is individualisation of thought-content.
9. VERBAL PLANE: ITS TERMINOLOGY
● Berwick Sayer's canons considered
terminology as classification expressed in
class names or terms
● S.R Ranganathan defined terminology as
the system of terms used to name classes
or ranked isolates in a scheme of
classification
● Terms should be unambiguous, technical,
popular, distinctive and consistent
10. VERBAL PLANE: PROBLEMS
● Vagueness in meaning of ordinary words-
change of tones and gestures
● Homonyms- two words having the same
term but different meanings
● Synonyms- two words having different
terms but same meaning
11. VERBAL PLANE : SOLUTIONS
● Dr. Ranganathan's 4 canons of
terminology:
● -canon of context-chain
● -canon of enumeration-lower link
● -canon of currency-popular or alive
● -canon of reticence-reserve
12. NOTATIONAL- DEFINITION
Finally, about notation, Ranganathan and Gopinath
(1967) said, “[W]ords are often replaced by symbols
pregnant with precise meaning. [O]rdinal numbers
are [often] used as helpful symbols. A distinctive
contribution of the discipline of classification, as
found and as being cultivated in the field of Library
Science, is the Notational Plane. Uniqueness of the
idea represented by an ordinal number and the total
absence of homonyms and synonyms are the
distinctive features of the notational plane, when
compared with the verbal plane.”
13. FEATURES OF NOTATIONAL PLANE
• Words are replaced by symbols.
• These symbols have precise meanings.
• This artificial language of ordinal digits are helpful
in arranging documents and resources.
• In classificatory language, an idea is represented
by an ordinal digit(s). There are no homonyms and
synonyms.
• Notational plane is a plane of numbers, where
concepts are represented by numbers.
• The main concern at the notational plane is to
develop a set of ordinal digits and the rules for their
usage.
14. ADVANTAGES OF SEPARATION OF
WORK
• The role of each plane is well defined.
• Conscious separation of work in the three
planes allows for the fuller development of
these planes.
15. PRACTICAL CLASSIFICATION
Eight steps have been suggested by Ranganathan to
carry out the translation of name of a subject into
artificial language of ordinal digits. These are the
steps prescribed for practical classification. These
have been separated according to the three planes,
as given below:
Idea plane: Step 0 Raw: Step 1 Expressive title; Step
2 Title in kernal terms; Step 3 Analyzed title Step 4
Transformed title
Verbal plane: Step 5 Title in standard terms
Notational plane: Step 6 Title in focal numbers; Step 7
Class number
16. INTERRELATIONSHIP OF THREE PLANES OF WORK
Idea Plane = Class (Generation
of Groups)
Verbal Plane = Subjects
(Assigning Names)
Notational Plane = Class Number
(Assigning Numbers to Class of Subjects)
The relation between three planes can be given as:
Class = Subject = Class Number
17. CONCLUSION
● The effectiveness of any classification
schemes depends upon the level of
unison among the three planes.
● The chances of classifying the universe of
knowledge is limitless when the three
planes are exploited at their optimal level.
18.
19. REFERENCES
• Ranganathan, S. R. & Gopinath, M. A. (1967). Prolegomena to Library
Classification (Vol. 1) (Third Edition). Bombay, India; Asia Publishing
House.
• PROCESS OF DOCUMENT CLASSIFICATION IN DIFFERENT
PLANES OF WORK. (n.d.). Retrieved September 29, 2015, from
http://pramod.singh.tripod.com/classification.planes.htm
• Associates.ucr.edu,. 'Column - Exner'. N.p., 2015. Web. 29 Sept.
2015.
• Ranganathan, S. R. & Gopinath, M. A. (1967). Prolegomena to Library
Classification (Vol. 1) (Third Edition). Bombay, India; Asia Publishing
House.
• Hussain, S. (1993). Library classification, facets and analysis.
McGraw-Hill.
• PROCESS OF DOCUMENT CLASSIFICATION IN DIFFERENT
PLANES OF WORK. (n.d.). Retrieved September 29, 2015, from
http://pramod.singh.tripod.com/classification.planes.htm
• Ranganathan, S. (1951). Philosophy of Library Classification. Indian
Library Association.
• Taylor, M. S. (1939). Handbook of Classification and Cataloging.
George Allen Unwin.
